高原致适应剂新复方党参片预防急性高原反应的效果

目的:观察高原致适应剂新复方党参片对急性高原反应(AMS)的预防效果。方法:世居平原者驻守海拔1400m3个月的45名青年男性官兵,随机分为新复方党参片组(30人)和对照组(15人),采用单盲试验方法,于行军前5d开始分别口服新复方党参片和安慰剂片,乘车行军3d,于3700m习服4d,直至进驻高原(海拔5200m)第3天后停药,共服药15d。进驻高原后第1、3、5天,依国家军用标准GJB1098-91急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则,随访记录受试者的AMS症状,然后分度评分,检测受试者的心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)。进驻高原后第6天,检测用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气量(FEV1.0)、FEV1.0/FVC,一秒率(FEV1%)、最大呼气中期流速(FEF25%～75%)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、最大通气量(MVV)、左右手交叉敲击动作频率总次数(Ttis)、错误次数(Etis)、正确次数(Ctis)、平均时间(Atime)和数字记忆能力试验错误记忆次数总和(Sum)。结果:与对照组比较,进驻高原后第1、3、5d,新复方党参片组AMS症状显著减轻(P0.01);新复方党参片组与对照组的AMS程度分度分布不同(P0.01),新复方党参片组中症状较轻的(基本无反应、轻度反应)占比重较大,而对照组中症状较重的(中度反应、重度反应)占比重较大;新复方党参片组AMS发生率明显降低;与对照组比较,新复方党参片组的FVC、FEV1.0、FEF25%～75%、PEF、MVV升高有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),FEV1%差异无统计学意义;与对照组比较,新复方党参片组的Ttis、Ctis增加(P0.05,P0.01),Atime减少(P0.05),Etis和Sum差异无统计学意义。结论:新复方党参片能减轻AMS的程度,减轻AMS的症状,降低AMS发生率;并能显著改善受试者的肺通气功能和手指运动能力。     

多巴胺通过促进RNF20降解抑制神经细胞中组蛋白H2B泛素化

表观遗传修饰参与了药物成瘾的形成过程,而在药物成瘾过程中组蛋白泛素化水平的变化仍未可知。药物成瘾过程中常表现为多巴胺(dopamine, DA)表达量的升高,因此本研究欲探讨多巴胺升高对神经细胞组蛋白泛素化的影响及其机制。Western印迹结果显示,在终浓度0.8 mmol/L的多巴胺作用8 h后,人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y细胞中环指蛋白20(ring finger protein 20, RNF20)表达量降低(0.29±0.032 vs. 1.0±0.025,P<0.0001),泛素化组蛋白H2B(H2Bub1)表达量下降(0.28±0.032 vs. 1.0±0.017,P<0.0001)。但是RT-PCR结果显示,多巴胺处理SH-SY5Y细胞后,RNF20在mRNA水平的表达无明显变化。在SH-SY5Y细胞中沉默RNF20的表达,H2Bub1在蛋白质水平的表达明显降低(0.20±0.069 vs. 1.0±0.060,P=0.001)。在加入多巴胺的基础上,分别加入蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132、自噬体形成抑制剂3-MA以及空泡型H^+-ATP酶特异性抑制剂Baf-A1等药物来检测RNF20的降解途径,结果发现,加入MG132、3-MA以及Baf-A1后,RNF20表达量均比DA处理组显著上升(1.51±0.095,P=0.0003; 0.89±0.075,P=0.0021; 2.74±0.099,P<0.0001;vs. 0.27±0.044)。上述结果表明,在SH-SY5Y细胞中,RNF20对H2Bub1具有调控作用,多巴胺可通过泛素化及自噬两种途径促进RNF20降解,从而抑制组蛋白H2B泛素化。     

多年卧孔菌属五个中国新记录种

报道了多年卧孔菌属Perenniporia5个中国新记录种。非洲多年卧孔菌Perenniporia africana采自安徽省,孔口表面浅黄色至赭色,且骨架菌丝不分枝;下延多年卧孔菌P.decurrata采自云南省,担子果盖形,具较小孔口和担孢子;椭圆孢多年卧孔菌P.ellipsospora采自云南省,担子果平伏,孔口圆形至多角形,担孢子不平截;硬多年卧孔菌P.inflexibilis采自福建省,担子果盖形,孔口表面灰白至浅褐色,担孢子无色至浅黄色;黄多年卧孔菌P.xantha采自海南省,孔口较小,表面呈黄色,且在KOH试剂中呈深褐色。根据采集的标本材料提供了它们的详细描述和显微结构图。     

人白细胞介素－2的两个部分拮抗剂

通过定点诱变技术得到６个生物活性剧烈下降的人白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）突变体,其中两个突变体即１５Ｖａｌ－ＩＬ－２和１２６Ａｓｐ－ＩＬ－２可以在一定浓度范围内使ＩＬ－２的生物效应降低。在对高亲和力ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）的竞争抑制实验中,１５Ｖａｌ－ＩＬ－２和１２６Ａｓｐ－Ｉｌ－２又表现了一定的竞争能力。这些结果表明１５Ｖａｌ－ＩＬ－２和１２６Ａｓｐ－ＩＬ－２可部分拮抗天然ＩＬ－２的作用。结合Ｉ     

Map-based cloning of the ALK gene, which controls the gelatinization temperature of rice

As a primary crop in China, rice provides the staple food for more than 50% population in the world. With the increasing grain yield and improvement of living conditions, grain quality has drawn more and more attention. Gelatinization temperature (GT), an important parameter for rice cooking quality, is the critical temperature at which the starch granules start to lose crystallinity and birefringence by irreversible expanding and to change the starch surface from polarized to soluble state c…     

Phylogenetically Diverse Denitrifying and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Corals Alcyonium gracillimum and Tubastraea coccinea

To date, the association of coral–bacteria and the ecological roles of bacterial symbionts in corals remain largely unknown. In particular, little is known about the community components of bacterial symbionts of corals involved in the process of denitrification and ammonia oxidation. In this study, the nitrite reductase (nirS and nirK) and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes were used as functional markers. Diverse bacteria with the potential to be active as denitrifiers and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were found in two East China Sea corals: stony coral Alcyonium gracillimum and soft coral Tubastraea coccinea. The 16S rRNA gene library analysis demonstrated different communities of bacterial symbionts in these two corals of the same location. Nitrite reductase nirK gene was found only in T. coccinea, while both nirK and nirS genes were detected in A. gracillimum, which might be the result of the presence of different bacterial symbionts in these two corals. AOB rather than ammonia-oxidizing archaea were detected in both corals, suggesting that AOB might play an important role in the ammonia oxidation process of the corals. This study indicates that the coral bacterial symbionts with the potential for nitrite reduction and ammonia oxidation might have multiple ecological roles in the coral holobiont, which promotes our understanding of bacteria-mediated nitrogen cycling in corals. To our knowledge, this study is the first assessment of the community structure and phylogenetic diversity of denitrifying bacteria and AOB in corals based on nirK, nirS, and amoA gene library analysis.     

不同麻醉和术后镇痛方式对中老年胸科手术后胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的：探讨不同麻醉和术后镇痛方式对中老年胸科手术后胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法：中老年胸科手术患者80例随机分为治疗组与对照组各40例,两组都采用开胸手术治疗,于手术结束前30min硬膜外腔给予镇痛,治疗组采用舒芬太尼镇痛,对照组采用地佐辛镇痛。结果：两组镇痛后2h与镇痛后24h的HR和MVP对比差异明显（P〈0．05）,同时对照组不同时间点的组内对比差异明显（P〈0．05）,治疗组组内对比无明显差异。治疗组在镇痛后2h与镇痛后24h的VAS评分都明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）,Ramsay评分治疗组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组组内不同时间点胰岛素含量和胰岛素敏感性对比无明显差异,而对照组对比差异明显（P〈0．05）,同时镇痛后组间对比也有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：相对于地佐辛,舒芬太尼用于中老年胸科手术术后疼痛镇痛效果良好,能有效地抑制胰岛素抵抗与应激反应的发生,有很好的应用效果。     

Succession of aquatic macrophytes in the Modern Yellow River Delta after 150 years of alluviation

This study evaluated the succession process of aquatic macrophytes after 150 years of alluviation in the Modern Yellow River Delta, China, and identified the roles of various environmental parameters that regulate vegetation succession. From 2007 to 2008, 214 quadrats were surveyed and 19 environmental parameters were measured, including elevation, plot distance from the seashore, 10 water parameters, and 7 soil parameters. Forty-six aquatic macrophytes belonging to 20 families and 34 genera were identified across the entire delta. Emergent and submerged plants were the most frequent species, accounting for 58.7 and 34.8 % of all species, respectively. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis showed that the presence of aquatic macrophytes in this delta was primarily regulated by water salinity, soil salinity, and distance from the seashore, followed by nutrient concentrations (e.g., NH₄ ⁺, total soil N and PO₄ ^? of water). Salinity-tolerant species (e.g., Ruppia maritima, Phragmites australis, and Typha angustifolia) tended to be widely distributed across the entire delta. In contrast, salinity-sensitive species (e.g., Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrilla verticillata, and Potamogeton malaianus) tended to be distributed in areas at the early stages of succession, which were relatively distant from the shore. Moreover, this study also confirmed that species richness and diversity were negatively correlated with water and soil salinity, which in turn were negatively correlated with plot distance from the shore. These data indicate that the primary drivers of aquatic macrophyte succession in this delta are water and soil salinity. The information assimilated here is used to propose management practices for the protection of aquatic macrophytes in the Yellow River Delta.     

miR396基因家族的进化及功能分析

MicroRNA(miRNA)是由约22个核苷酸组成的内源性非编码小分子RNA,广泛存在于真核细胞中,通过与靶基因的互补配对在转录后水平对基因表达进行调控,导致mRNA的降解或翻译抑制。本文通过对目前miRBase中收录的miR396家族进行生物信息学分析发现,该家族在植物界中高度保守,它们可能起源于较为古老的物种,经历长期复杂的进化过程而保留了下来;靶基因预测结果显示生长调控因子GRF为其主要靶标;启动子分析表明, miR396编码基因的上游存在光、温度、激素、厌氧、干旱及病害等胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件,它们可与转录因子结合,参与多种胁迫应答反应。本文可为全面深入研究miRNA的作用机制奠定基础。     

感染性猪圆环病毒2型基因组DNA的分子克隆

本研究通过PCR扩增出猪圆环病毒2型(PCV—2)的全基因组(1768bp),克隆入pcDNA3载体的EcoR I酶切应点,获得含有PCV-2全基因组的重组质粒,命名为pcDNApcv2。将重组质粒大量扩增后,用EcoR I切出1768bp的PCV—2全基因组,在体外用T4DNA连接酶使其连接环化。用脂质体法将体外连接产物转染无PCV污染的PK—15细胞,经4次连续传代,用间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)及电镜观察证实已获得复制能力的PCV—2病毒。由此可见,本试验构建的环化的PCV—2全基因组DNA具有感染性。