不同麻醉和术后镇痛方式对中老年胸科手术后胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的：探讨不同麻醉和术后镇痛方式对中老年胸科手术后胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法：中老年胸科手术患者80例随机分为治疗组与对照组各40例,两组都采用开胸手术治疗,于手术结束前30min硬膜外腔给予镇痛,治疗组采用舒芬太尼镇痛,对照组采用地佐辛镇痛。结果：两组镇痛后2h与镇痛后24h的HR和MVP对比差异明显（P〈0．05）,同时对照组不同时间点的组内对比差异明显（P〈0．05）,治疗组组内对比无明显差异。治疗组在镇痛后2h与镇痛后24h的VAS评分都明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）,Ramsay评分治疗组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组组内不同时间点胰岛素含量和胰岛素敏感性对比无明显差异,而对照组对比差异明显（P〈0．05）,同时镇痛后组间对比也有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：相对于地佐辛,舒芬太尼用于中老年胸科手术术后疼痛镇痛效果良好,能有效地抑制胰岛素抵抗与应激反应的发生,有很好的应用效果。     

咪喹莫特对慢性哮喘模型小鼠肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9-表达的影响

目的：观察Toll样受体7配体咪喹莫特对慢性哮喘小鼠模型气道重塑及肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶MMP-9表达的影响。方法：36只BALB／c小鼠按随机原则分成正常对照组、哮喘模型组、咪喹莫特组,每组12只。通过卵蛋白致敏,气道激发8周,末次激发24h后,检测各组小鼠气道反应性,HE染色观察气道炎症变化;Masson三色染色观察气道纤维化的改变;real-timePCR和western—blot分别检测肺组织中MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果：慢性哮喘组小鼠气道炎症、气道高反应性和气道重塑较正常对照小鼠明显加重,而咪喹莫特组小鼠模型的气道炎症和气道反应性及气道重塑均较哮喘模型组小鼠减少或降低。慢性哮喘组小鼠肺组织MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白水平均较正常对照小鼠明显增加（P〈0．05）,而咪喹莫特治疗可显著降低哮喘小鼠肺组织MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白水平（P〈0．05）。结论：咪喹莫特能够显著抑制慢性哮喘小鼠模型的气道炎症、降低气道高反应性并减轻气道重塑,这可能与其抑制MMP-9的表达有关。     

Genomic amplification and high expression of EGFR are key targetable oncogenic events in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Background

The dismal outcome of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) highlights the necessity of finding new therapeutic methods to benefit patients with this aggressive sarcoma. Our purpose was to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a potential therapeutic target in MPNSTs.

Patients and methods

We performed a microarray based-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) profiling of two cohorts of primary MPNST tissue samples including 25 patients treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MD Anderson) and 26 patients from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital (TMUCIH). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was used to validate the gene amplification detected by aCGH analysis. Another independent cohort of 56 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) MPNST samples was obtained to explore EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemical analysis. Cell biology detection and validation were performed on human MPNST cell lines ST88-14 and STS26T.

Results

aCGH and pathway analysis of the 51 MPNSTs identified significant gene amplification events in EGFR pathway, including frequent amplifications of EGFR gene itself, which was subsequently validated by FISH assay. High expression of EGFR protein was associated with poor disease-free and overall survival of human MPNST patients. In human MPNST cell lines ST88-14 and STS26T, inhibition of EGFR by siRNA or Gefitinib led to decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion accompanied by attenuation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.

Conclusion

These results suggest that EGFR is a potential therapeutic target for MPNST.

     

Trans-Ethnical Shift of the Risk Genotype in the CETP I405V with Longevity: A Chinese Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis

Background

The I405V polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene (CETP) has been suggested to be a protective factor conferring longevity in Ashkenazi Jews, although findings in other races are not supportive. This paper describes a case-control study and a meta-analysis conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between CETP 405V and longevity.

Methods

We enrolled 1,021 ethnic Han Chinese participants (506 in the longevity group and 515 controls), then performed a meta-analysis that integrated the current study and previously published ones. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for allele contrasts, dominant and recessive inheritance models to assess the association between CETP 405V and longevity according to the ethnic stratification.

Results

Our case-control data indicated that CETP 405V is a longevity risk allele in all genetic models (P _additive=0.008; P _dominant=0.008, OR_dominant=0.673; P _recessive=0.017, OR_recessive=0.654) after adjustment for the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, body mass index and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A synergy was detected between 405V and APOE ε4 (P=0.001, OR=0.530). Eight studies were eligible for meta-analysis, which confirmed 405V is the risky allele against longevity in all genetic models: allele contrasts (OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.74-0.88), dominant model (OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.64-0.82) and recessive model (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.67-0.96). After ethnic stratification, 405V remained a risk allele in East Asians but no significant association was found in Europeans or white Americans.

Conclusion

Our case-control study suggests CETP 405V as a risk allele against longevity in Chinese. The meta-analysis suggests the involvement of CETP 405V is protective in Ashkenazi Jews but is a risk allele against longevity in the East Asian (Chinese) population.     

Protective Effects of Metallothionein on Isoniazid and Rifampicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RFP) are widely used in the world for the treatment of tuberculosis, but the hepatotoxicity is a major concern during clinical therapy. Previous studies showed that these drugs induced oxidative stress in liver, and several antioxidants abated this effect. Metallothionein (MT), a member of cysteine-rich protein, has been proposed as a potent antioxidant. This study attempts to determine whether endogenous expression of MT protects against INH and RFP-induced hepatic oxidative stress in mice. Wild type (MT+/+) and MT-null (MT−/−) mice were treated intragastrically with INH (150 mg/kg), RFP (300 mg/kg), or the combination (150 mg/kg INH +300 mg/kg RFP) for 21 days. The results showed that MT−/− mice were more sensitive than MT+/+ mice to INH and RFP-induced hepatic injuries as evidenced by hepatic histopathological alterations, increased serum AST levels and liver index, and hepatic oxidative stress as evidenced by the increase of MDA production and the change of liver antioxidant status. Furthermore, INH increased the protein expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and INH/RFP (alone or in combination) decreased the expression of hepatic CYP1A2. These findings clearly demonstrate that basal MT provides protection against INH and RFP-induced toxicity in hepatocytes. The CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 were involved in the pathogenesis of INH and RFP-induced hepatotoxicity.     

A Fully Verified Theoretical Analysis of Contact‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators as a Wearable Power Source

Harvesting mechanical energy from human activities by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is an effective approach for sustainable, maintenance‐free, and green power source for wireless, portable, and wearable electronics. A theoretical model for contact‐mode triboelectric nanogenerators based on the principles of charge conservation and zero loop‐voltage is illustrated. Explicit expressions for the output current, voltage, and power are presented for the TENGs with an external load of resistance. Experimental verification is conducted by using a laboratory‐fabricated contact‐mode TENG made from conducting fabric electrodes and polydimethylsiloxane/graphene oxide composite as the dielectric layer. Excellent agreements of the output voltage, current, and power are demonstrated between the theoretical and experimental results, without any adjustable parameters. The effects of the moving speed on output voltage, current, and power are illustrated in three cases, that is, the motion with constant speed, the sinusoidal motion cycles, and the real walking cycles by human subject. The fully verified theoretical model is a very powerful tool to guide the design of the device structure and selection of materials, and optimization of performance with respect to the application conditions of TENGs.     

入侵植物飞机草与4种牧草的竞争效应

【背景】飞机草是我国危害最严重的入侵植物之一,目前仍缺乏可持续的控制手段。【方法】运用De Wit取代试验研究法,设置2株·盆-1(42.42株·m~(-2))、4株·盆-1(84.84株·m-2)和8株·盆~(-1)(169.68株·m~(-2))3种密度,分别研究杂交狼尾草、木豆、山毛豆和宽叶雀稗与飞机草的竞争效应,以明确4种牧草对飞机草的替代控制潜力。【结果】3种密度下,杂交狼尾草和木豆均可以显著抑制飞机草的生长,其竞争平衡指数显著大于0,说明杂交狼尾草和木豆的竞争力均大于飞机草;山毛豆和宽叶雀稗的相对产量均显著小于1,其竞争平衡指数均显著小于0,说明山毛豆和宽叶雀稗的竞争力小于飞机草。【结论】杂交狼尾草和木豆可用作飞机草的替代控制植物。     

广东从化地区不同生境食蚊鱼种群的繁殖生物学特征

本文从繁殖群体的环境条件、形体特征、卵巢发育与繁殖力方面对广东从化地区溪流、池塘、农田3种不同生境的食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)种群展开比较研究。结果发现,无论流动水体溪流还是静水水体池塘和农田,食蚊鱼的繁殖期均在3~12月份,繁殖群体中雌鱼占比明显高于雄鱼(Chi-Square test,P0.01)。雌鱼周年平均体长及体重,池塘生境的显著大于农田和溪流生境。农田生境中雌鱼的个体怀卵量(24.1±12.1)粒,体重相对繁殖力(57.5±31.0)粒/g,二者均明显高于溪流生境[(16.6±11.6)粒,(40.8±15.5)粒/g]与池塘生境[(18.9±16.3)粒,(35.7±19.1)粒/g],但农田生境雌鱼成熟卵子的卵径显著小于溪流和池塘生境。结果表明,在环境稳定的池塘生境中,食蚊鱼的繁殖策略偏向k-对策特性;在人为干扰较大的农田生境中,食蚊鱼的繁殖策略偏向r-对策特性。不同类型生境中食蚊鱼的繁殖特性存在一定差异,主要与其栖息环境的稳定性和饵料生物的丰富度有关。