鲫耳石重量与年龄的关系及其在年龄鉴定中的作用

耳石重量在年龄组间重叠较少,大小相近的个体,年龄大的,即生长慢的耳石重量比年龄小的,即生长快的大,不同龄组之间耳石重量有显著差异（P＜0．05）,按年龄组在耳石重量与相应的体长作图,可初步判断观测年龄的可靠性,分析耳石重量频率分布能分离出体长相近,年龄不同的个体,其结构与耳石年轮观测的基本一致,耳石重量与年龄呈显著线性正相关（P＜0．05）,用耳石重量与年龄关系估算的年龄从耳石上直接读取的年龄无显著差异（P＞0．05）,文中对耳石重量直接用于确定鱼类年龄的可能性作了分析和探讨。     

基于基因表达谱的肿瘤分型和特征基因选取

在分析基因表达谱数据特性的基础上,提出了一个将之用于肿瘤分子分型和选型和选取相应亚型特征基因的策略。该策略包括三个步骤：首先采用一个无监督的基因过滤算法以降低用于分型计算的数据的噪声,其次提出了一个概率模型对样本中的分类结构进行建模,最后基于聚类的结果采用相对熵的方法获得对分类贡献大的基因作为特征基因,应用该策略对两个公开发表的数据集进行了再挖掘,结果表明不但获得了其他方法可以得到的信息,而且还提供了更精细、更具有显著生物学意义的信息,具有明显的优越性。     

体重和摄食水平对鳜和乌鳢身体的生化组成和能值的影响

本实验结果表明,野生鳜和乌鳢的干物质含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和能值均随体重的增加而显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,野生鳜灰分含量变随体重的增加而显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但野生乌鳢灰分含量与体重关系的回归方程则不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）;实验鳜和乌鳢干物质含量、脂肪含量和能值均随摄食水平的增加而显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,实验鳜蛋白含量和灰分含量与摄食水平关系的回归方程不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,实验乌鳢蛋白质     

有机相酶促酯化反应中水分调控技术的研究

在有机相酶促反应中,水含量是影响酶活力的关键因素.对异辛烷/正辛醇体系中柱状假丝酵母脂肪酶催化萘普森酯化反应中的水分调控技术进行了研究. 结果表明：水合盐对——Na₂SO₄·10H₂O/Na₂SO₄对系统水分的变化具有有效的缓冲作用;非极性硅藻土吸附固定酶,使之对水分的敏感性得到缓解;另外,加入分子筛去除副产物——“水”可促进酯化过程的进行.     

黄鳝二价体上微量DNaseⅠ敏感性和限制性内切酶原位切割分析

采用DNase Ⅰ超敏感性分析和限制性内切酶介导的原位切口平移技术(Restriction Enzyme Nick Translation,RE-NT)对黄鳝二价体基因组结构进行了分析研究。已知DNaseⅠ超敏感性与潜在活性基因分布密切相关。结果表明,经DNaseⅠ介导的原位切口平移处理,在黄鳍二价体上可展现类D带带型,而由限制性内切酶介导的原位切口平移结果显示,AluⅠ和MspⅠ均在黄鳝二价体上诱导产生类G带带型,HpaⅡ和HaeⅢ则优先切割5号二价体上一特定区域,诱导出一段由标记信号所构成的类C带,对上述结果进行了分析和讨论。     

人多肽链延伸因子1α四个反转录假基因的鉴别与定位

人多肽链延伸因子1α基因EEF1A是一个在蛋白质合成过程中起重要作用的看家基因。通过对已有GenBank、GDB等数据库的综合分析,鉴别了4个人类多肽链延伸因子1α基因的反转录假基因,并分别将其精细定位于4q2 5、7p15-21、9q34和19q13上。 Abstract:The gene for human polypeptide chain elongation factor-1α(EEF1A)is a house-keeping gene which plays an important role in the process of protein synthesis.By means of comprehensive analysis in the database of Genbank,GDB and ect,we identify 4 retropseudogenes of EEF1A and finely localized to 4q25,7p15-21,9q34 and 19q13,respectively.     

内生真菌Alternaria sp. GHX-P17代谢产物防治广藿香青枯病及保护酶的变化

广藿香是著名药材,青枯病是威胁广藿香生产和质量的主要病害。针对从广藿香茎叶中分离出的1株有抑菌活性的内生真菌Alternaria sp. GHX-P17,研究其代谢产物对广藿香青枯病的防治作用及耐病机制。在室内通过人工接种Alternaria sp. GHX-P17菌株与喷施粗提物稀释液2种方式,于不同时间调查广藿香青枯病的发病率和严重度,并计算其病情指数(disease index,DI)。同时,对处理后不同时间的广藿香苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)3种保护酶活性进行测定。结果表明:(1)Alternaria sp. GHX-P17处理后青枯病DI显著降低,与对照比较,204 h后DI降低为27.16%,方差分析呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)随着处理时间延长,青枯病严重度升高缓慢,严重度等级降低,到204 h时,处理组的严重度明显低于对照,防治效果达到74.65%。(3)处理后的广藿香3种保护酶PAL、POD和SOD活性增强,但3种酶活性高峰出现时间不同。PAL随时间逐渐升高; POD先升高后降低,然后又升高,出现2个峰值; SOD快速升高后逐渐降低。这表明内生真菌菌株Alternaria sp. GHX-P17可以提高广藿香3种保护酶活性,延缓了青枯菌的侵染过程,降低了青枯病的发病程度。该研究结果为植物内生真菌次级代谢产物活性成分研究及生物农药开发提供了参考。     

Recent Progress on Hole‐Transporting Materials for Emerging Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

In less than three years, the photovoltaic community has witnessed a rapid emergence of a new class of solid‐state heterojunction solar cells based on solution‐processable organometal halide perovskite absorbers. The energy conversion efficiency of solid‐state perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been quickly increased to a certified value of 20.1% by the end of 2014 because of their unique characteristics, such as a broad spectral absorption range, large absorption coefficient, high charge carrier mobility and diffusion length. Here, the focus is specifically on recent developments of hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) in PSCs, which are essential components for achieving high solar cell efficiencies. Some fundamentals with regard to PSCs are first presented, including the history of PSCs, device architectures and general operational principles of PSCs as well as various techniques developed for the fabrications of uniform and dense perovskite complexes. A broad range of the state‐of‐the‐art HTMs being used in PSCs are then discussed in detail. Finally, an outlook on the design of more efficient HTMs for highly efficient PSCs is addressed.     

ABORTED GAMETOPHYTE 1 is required for gametogenesis in Arabidopsis

In flowering plants, the male and female gametogenesis is a crucial step of sexual reproduction. Although many genes have been identi fied as being involved in the gametogenesis process, the genetic mechanisms underlying gametogenesis remains poorly understood. We reported here characterization of the gene, ABORTED GAMETOPHYTE 1(AOG1) that is newly identi fied as essential for gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. AOG1 is expressed predominantly in reproductive tissues including the developing pollen grains and ovules. The AOG1 protein shares no signi ficant amino acid sequence similarity with other documented proteins and is located mainly in nuclei of the cells. Mutation in AOG1 caused degeneration of pollen at the uninucleate microspore stage and severe defect in embryo sacs, leading to a signi ficant reduction in male and female fertility.Furthermore, the molecular analyses showed that the aog1 mutant signi ficantly affected the expression of several genes, which are required for gametogenesis. Our results suggest that AOG1 plays important roles in gameto genesis at the stage prior to pollen mitosis I(PMI)in Arabidopsis, possibly through collaboration with other genes.     

骨髓间充质干细胞在脱细胞真皮基质再生过程中的初步研究

较大的腹壁缺损需要应用补片修复来缓解腹横筋膜的张力,人工合成补片的应用一定程度上实现了无张力修补的目的,但它在腹壁外科应用中有诸多的并发症,诸如复发率高,腹腔黏连,肠穿孔导致腹膜炎,侵袭性肠瘘等影响患者术后的正常生活,而脱细胞真皮基质(Acellular dermal matrix,ADM)作为一种新型的生物材料应用在腹壁外科中能解决上述人工合成补片所带来的并发症发挥强大作用且能与周围组织较好的融合,最后改建成宿主自身组织已并在多学科领域中广泛应用;骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)能参与组织自我修复,并能分化成为多种功能细胞,分泌各种生长因子,在ADM内源性转归过程中可发挥作用。本文就对骨髓间充质干细胞在ADM生物补片应用于临床疝修补术中转归机制的研究做一综述。