Life history of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) in alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau

The life history of a species is a result of natural selection and reflects how the species is adapted to its environment. Knowledge of life history is crucial for further ecological studies and conservation management. This paper presents aspects of the life history of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), a small mammal native to alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau. The mean lifespan of juveniles from first litters was longer than the mean lifespan of juveniles from second litters. The population consisted of more juveniles than adults (over-wintered animals) in August and these juveniles came primarily from the first litter of the year. The sex ratio of juveniles was female-biased even though the sex ratio of adults did not differ from 1:1. The mortality rate of juveniles and adults during the warm season (May–August) was greater than the mortality rate of these groups during the cold season (September–April). Mean juvenile growth rate during the warm season was 1.4 g/d and the growth rate of the first litters was remarkably slower than that of the second litters.     

不同剂量地佐辛用于腹腔镜妇科手术超前镇痛的效果观察

目的：观察不同剂量地佐辛用于腹腔镜妇科手术超前镇痛的效果。方法：将90例ASAI．II级、年龄18~60岁拟行腹腔镜妇科手术的患者随机分成3组,每组30例,A组给予地佐辛0．1mg／kg开皮前15rain静脉注射;B组给予地佐辛0．15mg／kg开皮前15min静脉注射;C组给予地佐辛0．2mg／kg开皮前15min静脉注射,采用VAS评分评估术后镇痛效果并观察术后辅助镇痛药物的使用和不良反应的发生情况。结果：B、c组术后2、4、6、8h的VAS评分明显低于A组（P〈0．05）;C组术后2、4h的Ramsay评分明显高于A、B组（P〈0.05）;A组术后辅助镇痛药的使用率明显高于B组和C组（P／0．05）;3组不良反应的发生率比较均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：开皮前15rain静注地佐辛0．15mg／kg用于腹腔镜妇科手术镇痛效果好,且不增加不良反应的发生率。     

糖尿病肾病与非糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者血钙、血磷及甲状旁腺激素水平的分析

目的：探讨糖尿病肾病（diabtic nephropgthy,DN）与非糖尿病肾病（non-DN）维持性血液透析患者（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素（intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH）水平的差异;分析其血钙、血磷、iPTH和糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c）水平的相关性。方法：选择沈阳军区总医院血液透析中心收治的148例MHD患者,分为糖尿病组（58例）和非糖尿病组（90例）,比较两组间血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素水平的差异,并分析其血钙、血磷、iPTH、HbA1c水平的相关性。结果：糖尿病组iPTH、血磷水平均明显低于非糖尿病组（P〈0.05）,两组血钙水平比较无明显差异。在非DN组中,iPTH与血钙水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.320,P=0.036）,iPTH与血磷水平呈明显正相关（r=0.426,P=0.005）。在DN组中,iPTH与血钙、血磷无显著相关性,而iPTH与HbA1C水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.732,P=0.007）。结论：糖尿病肾病血液透析患者的iPTH水平和血磷水平明显低于非糖尿病肾病血液透析患者,HbA1c可能抑制iPTH的分泌。     

结直肠癌组织异常表达miRNA的鉴定

目的：筛选结直肠癌组织异常表达的miRNAs。方法：采用Agilem基因芯片（V12．0）分析结直肠癌组织及其配对正常粘膜组织间差异表达的miRNAs,MiRNAs错误发生率（FDR）〈0．05和微矩阵显著性分析（SAM）q值〈0．05为差异显著。结果：鉴定出结直肠癌中32个差异表达的miRNAs,显著上调和下调各16个。实时定量PCR（RT—qPCR）证实基因芯片中4个表达上调的miRNAs在结直肠癌组织中也显著上调。结论：MiRNA基因芯片鉴定出了结直肠癌组织一系列新的差异表达的miRNAs。     

某部入伍新兵心理卫生服务状况及需求调查

目的：调查入伍新兵心理卫生服务状况及对心理卫生服务的需求。方法：采用质性研究和量性研究相结合的方法,对42名入伍新兵作半结构性访谈,编制《部队心理卫生服务状况和需求》调查表,采用调查表对1609名新兵进行调查。结果：9．4％的新兵心理健康知识比较了解;接近半数新兵（43．5％）对心理健康知识很感兴趣;新兵获取心理知识的途径依次为网络、心理知识讲座、报刊杂志、广播电视、面对面咨询;新兵最期望获得的心理知识依次为如何调节自己的情绪、如何建立良好的人际关系、如何塑造自己的个性和常见的心理障碍表现;新兵认为最有帮助的心理服务形式依次为一对一心理咨询、心理知识讲座、心理测验和团体心理活动;只有7．7％的新兵接受过心理卫生服务。结论：新兵对心理健康知识感兴趣,但认知度和利用度均较低,应通过网络、心理知识讲座等方式普及新兵需要的心理健康知识。     

晚期早产儿颅内出血的相关因素分析

目的：探讨晚期早产儿颅内出血的相关因素,指导晚期早产儿颅内出血的防治。方法：2011年9月至2012年8月我院收治晚期早产儿253例,其中有210例行头颅MRI检查,以经头颅MRI检查确诊颅内出血30例为ICH组,同时随机抽取同期住院的经头颅MRI证实无颅内出血晚期早产儿60例作为对照组。应用SPSS 17.0进行统计学分析。结果：1.ICH组产前激素应用率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。2.ICH组经阴分娩、胎膜早破、代谢性酸中毒发生率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。3.Logistic回归分析显示产前激素是颅内出血的保护因素（P〈0.05）,而经阴分娩、胎膜早破（P〈0.01）、代谢性酸中毒（P〈0.05）是颅内出血的危险因素。结论：产前应用激素是晚期早产儿颅内出血的保护因素,经阴分娩、胎膜早破、代谢性酸中毒是晚期早产儿颅内出血高危因素。     

Temperature Response of Soil Respiration in a Chinese Pine Plantation: Hysteresis and Seasonal vs. Diel Q 10

Although the temperature response of soil respiration (R_s) has been studied extensively, several issues remain unresolved, including hysteresis in the R_s–temperature relationship and differences in the long- vs. short-term R_s sensitivity to temperature. Progress on these issues will contribute to reduced uncertainties in carbon cycle modeling. We monitored soil CO₂ efflux with an automated chamber system in a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation near Beijing throughout 2011. Soil temperature at 10-cm depth (T_s) exerted a strong control over R_s, with the annual temperature sensitivity (Q ₁₀) and basal rate at 10°C (R_{s 10}) being 2.76 and 1.40 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively. Both R_s and short-term (i.e., daily) estimates of R_{s 10} showed pronounced seasonal hysteresis with respect to T_s, with the efflux in the second half of the year being larger than that early in the season for a given temperature. The hysteresis may be associated with the confounding effects of microbial population dynamics and/or litter input. As a result, all of the applied regression models failed to yield unbiased estimates of R_s over the entire annual cycle. Lags between R_s and T_s were observed at the diel scale in the early and late growing season, but not in summer. The seasonality in these lags may be due to the use of a single T_s measurement depth, which failed to represent seasonal changes in the depth of CO₂ production. Daily estimates of Q ₁₀ averaged 2.04, smaller than the value obtained from the seasonal relationship. In addition, daily Q ₁₀ decreased with increasing T_s, which may contribute feedback to the climate system under global warming scenarios. The use of a fixed, universal Q ₁₀ is considered adequate when modeling annual carbon budgets across large spatial extents. In contrast, a seasonally-varying, environmentally-controlled Q ₁₀ should be used when short-term accuracy is required.     

Soil Respiration and Organic Carbon Dynamics with Grassland Conversions to Woodlands in Temperate China

Soils are the largest terrestrial carbon store and soil respiration is the second-largest flux in ecosystem carbon cycling. Across China''s temperate region, climatic changes and human activities have frequently caused the transformation of grasslands to woodlands. However, the effect of this transition on soil respiration and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remains uncertain in this area. In this study, we measured in situ soil respiration and SOC storage over a two-year period (Jan. 2007–Dec. 2008) from five characteristic vegetation types in a forest-steppe ecotone of temperate China, including grassland (GR), shrubland (SH), as well as in evergreen coniferous (EC), deciduous coniferous (DC) and deciduous broadleaved forest (DB), to evaluate the changes of soil respiration and SOC storage with grassland conversions to diverse types of woodlands. Annual soil respiration increased by 3%, 6%, 14%, and 22% after the conversion from GR to EC, SH, DC, and DB, respectively. The variation in soil respiration among different vegetation types could be well explained by SOC and soil total nitrogen content. Despite higher soil respiration in woodlands, SOC storage and residence time increased in the upper 20 cm of soil. Our results suggest that the differences in soil environmental conditions, especially soil substrate availability, influenced the level of annual soil respiration produced by different vegetation types. Moreover, shifts from grassland to woody plant dominance resulted in increased SOC storage. Given the widespread increase in woody plant abundance caused by climate change and large-scale afforestation programs, the soils are expected to accumulate and store increased amounts of organic carbon in temperate areas of China.     

Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Rendered Rat Schwann Cell More Sensitive to Apoptosis via Upregulating FAS Expression

Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a tumor suppressor gene and play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. After the peripheral nerve injury (PNI), the microenvironment created by surrounding Schwann cells (SCs) is a critical determinant of its regenerative potential. In this study, we examined the effects of KLF6 on SCs responses during PNI. Both KLF6 mRNA and protein expression levels were upregulated in the injured sciatic nerve, and immunofluorescence results showed that many KLF6-positive cells simultaneously expressed the SC markers S-100 and p75NTR. The apoptosis inducers TNFα and cisplatin upregulated KLF6 expression in primary cultured SCs and the SC line RSC96. Although KLF6 overexpression exacerbated cisplatin- and TNFα-induced apoptosis, expression levels of the apoptosis regulators Bcl2 and Bax were not significantly affected in either KLF6-overexpressing or KLF6-depleted RSC96 cells. Realtime PCR arrays and qRT-PCR demonstrated that KLF6 overexpression upregulated four pro-apoptotic genes, FAS, TNF, TNFSF12, and PYCARD, and inhibited expression of the anti-apoptotic IL10 gene expression. Further analysis revealed that FAS protein expression was positively correlated with KLF6 expression in SCs. These data suggest that KLF6 upregulation may render SCs more vulnerable to apoptosis after injury via upregulating FAS expression.