草鱼血液学的研究：Ⅱ.血清电解质和尿素氮的周年变化

本文研究了草鱼稚鱼血清钾、钠、钙、氯、无机磷和尿素氮含量的周年变动规律,分析了水温、体重对上述血液化学成分的影响。结果显示其周年变动无一定规律性可循。血清钠、氯变动辐度较小,无机磷和尿素氮变动幅度较大,幅值约有4倍。水温与血清钾显示正相关(P≤0.05),与钠、钙显示负相关(P≤0.01,P≤0.05)。血清钠、尿素氮有随体重增加含量增高的趋势,而钾却显著减少。     

抑菌生的研究总结报告

本文报告一种由枯草杆菌制成的生态制剂,并命名为抑菌生(Subtilobiogen)。该制剂对创、烧伤感染有治疗作用。经过安全试验、急性毒性试验、Ames试验和微核试验证明,该制剂是一种无害、无毒和有致突变作用的活菌制剂。抑菌生有膏剂、乳剂及粉剂3种剂型。抑菌生在试管和体内对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌均具有抑菌作用。临床观察证明,将抑菌生喷洒在创面上,对浅Ⅱ°度、深Ⅱ°度及混合型烧伤感染均具有明显疗效。实验组(181例)与对照组(174例)相比较,在统计学上具有显著性差异。抑菌生的作用机制,经过初步试验证明,与营养争夺和占位性保护有关,因为枯草杆菌的生长速度超过金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌的生长速度。     

Nucleotide sequences of serine tRNAs from Bacillus subtilis.

Three B. subitilis serine tRNAs were sequenced including modified nucleosides. All the serine tRNAs contained 1-methyl-adenosine in the D-loop. As other characteristic modified nucleosides, 5-methoxyuridine was found in the first letter of the anticodon in the tRNA(UGA).     

Steroidal saponins from Smilax lebrunii.

Two new steroidal saponins, (25 R)-spirostan-3 beta-ol-6-one-3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1----6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (25 R)-spirostan-3 beta-ol-6-one-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1---4)] [alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1----6)]-beta-glucopyranoside, were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax lebrunii. Their structures have been established by chemical and spectral methods.     

Phenylpropanoid and iridoid glycosides from Pedicularis lasiophrys.

Two new compounds, pedicularioside E and F, were isolated from whole plants of Pedicularis lasiophrys, along with the four known compounds, verbascoside, cistanoside C, cistanoside D and 8-epiloganin. On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, pedicularioside E and F were identified to be 1'-O-beta-D-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-beta-phenyl)-ethyl-6'-O-feruloyl- alpha-L-(2-acetyl)-rhamnosyl-(1----3')-4'-acetylglucopyranoside and shanzhisin methyl ester cellobioside, respectively.     

Genomic in situ hybridization to identify alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in wheat

Summary Genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify alien chromatin in chromosome spreads of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., lines incorporating chromosomes from Leymus multicaulis (Kar. and Kir.) Tzvelev and Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) Löve, and chromosome arms from Hordeum chilense Roem. and Schult, H. vulgare L. and Secale cereale L. Total genomic DNA from the introgressed alien species was used as a probe, together with excess amounts of unlabelled blocking DNA from wheat, for DNA:DNA in-situ hybridization. The method labelled the alien chromatin yellow-green, while the wheat chromosomes showed only the orange-red fluorescence of the DNA counterstain. Nuclei were screened from seedling root-tips (including those from half-grains) and anther wall tissue. The genomic probing method identified alien chromosomes and chromosome arms and allowed counting in nuclei at all stages of the cell cycle, so complete metaphases were not needed. At prophase or interphase, two labelled domains were visible in most nuclei from disomic lines, while only one labelled domain was visible in monosomic lines. At metaphase, direct visualization of the morphology of the alien chromosome or chromosome segment was possible and allowed identification of the relationship of the alien chromatin to the wheat chromosomes. The genomic in-situ hybridization method is fast, sensitive, accurate and informative. Hence it is likely to be of great value for both cytogenetic analysis and in plant breeding programmes.     

苜蓿胚状体的分离及其发育过程中三种同工酶酶谱分析(简报)

目前,对胚状体发生过程中的生理生化研究表明,这一过程伴随有核酸、蛋白质等大分子物质合成速度的增加及与胚胎发生有关的特异性蛋白的合成;一些同工酶,如过氧化物酶、脂酶、细胞色素氧化酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶     

我国主要蚧螬对乳状菌的敏感性

我国主要蛴螬种类对乳状菌(Bacillus popilliae Dutky)(以下简称B.p.)敏感性的测定:已有14种蛴螬能注射感染B.p.。超出了Dutky(1963)的记录。敏感寄主毛喙丽金龟(Adoretus hirsutus Ohaus)、四纹丽金龟(Popillia quadriguttata F.)、暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia morosa Waterh)、黑棕鳃金龟(Apogonia cupreoviridis Fairm.)的幼虫注射感病率达91.6—100%。E.P.拌种喂食四纹、阔胸犀金龟(Pentodon patruelis Friv.)的幼虫,感病率分别达到68.9%和50%。B.p.拌土喂食阔胸幼虫,感病率为28.5%,田间小区试验,保苗效果达49.5%,虫口减退率达40.0%。定向转主驯化B.p.对华北大黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia oblitaFald.)幼虫,注射感病率已由不感病提高至感染率34.6%。 利用病原微生物防治害虫是综合防治的一个重要环节,应用乳状菌防治金龟子幼虫是以菌治虫方面值得研究的课题之一。 早在本世纪三十年代已发现日本金龟子(Popillia japonicaNewm.)幼虫罹患乳臭病的事实。1940年Dutky首先对其病原菌(B.popilliae)和(B.lentimorbus)进行命名和描述,继之White 1941,Beard 1945等对其生理生化、致病机理等作了较多的研究。五十年代后,对这类菌的超显微结构、离体培养等研究更为广泛。它作为第一个商品化的细菌杀虫剂,美国最早用于防治草地下的日本金龟子幼虫,取得了显著的效果。 我国蛴螬种类在千种以上,在华北、东北、西北的农田里为害十分严重,由于蛴螬的种类多,分布广,因而寄生于蛴螬的乳状菌株也相当丰富。目前已从主要蛴螬种类上陆续分离出一些菌株,将为我国开发利用乳状菌提供资源。近几年来,我们除对我国菌株进行研究外,也做了引进菌种Bacillus popilliae Dutky对我国主要蛴螬敏感性的研究,本文主要报道这方面结果。     

马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3中WANG_1291基因的表达

【目的】马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3含有一段长度为14.4 kb的胞外多糖合成基因簇,包含17个与胞外多糖合成相关的基因(WANG_1283?WANG_1299),主要分析17个基因在马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3生长过程中不同时间段的表达量,探究其中一个表达量发生变化的基因对乳酸菌产胞外多糖的影响。【方法】通过半定量RT-PCR实验,对基因簇上各基因的表达量进行分析;通过构建含有表达量变化基因的重组乳酸乳球菌,比较重组菌与野生菌的产胞外多糖差异。【结果】经分析,WANG_1284、WANG_1286、WANG_1287、WANG_1288、WANG_1290、WANG_1291、WANG_1292、WANG_1294、WANG_1296、WANG_1297、WANG_1298、WANG_1299这12个基因在菌体生长的50 h和60 h (产糖量上升阶段)表达量最高,推测这些基因在多糖聚合过程中起作用。从这12个基因中选出一个表达量发生明显变化的基因WANG_1291做进一步研究。将WANG_1291插入乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e中,构建了重组表达载体pMG36e-1291。将构建的重组表达载体转化到乳酸乳球菌WH-C1中,得到重组菌株。测定重组菌与野生菌生长特性,发现重组菌与野生菌之间的生长速度存在一定差异。然后利用苯酚-硫酸法测得重组乳酸乳球菌的胞外多糖产量是野生菌的2.1倍,胞外多糖产量有了明显的提高。【结论】确定WANG_1291基因是调控马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3产胞外多糖的关键基因之一。     

滇西北退化高寒草甸植物群落结构对刈割的响应

为探究滇西北不同退化级别高寒草甸植物群落结构对外界干扰的响应敏感性,以香格里拉市的典型高寒草甸为研究对象,于2018-2020年在三个退化梯度上（严重退化,S1;中度退化,S2;轻度退化,S3）开展控制刈割实验,进而分析草甸植物物种丰富度、群落组成相似性、群落复杂度和关键种的变化规律。结果表明：（1）刈割后,S1的物种丰富度显著增加（P<0.05）,S2和S3的物种丰富度未发生显著变化（P>0.05）;（2）相较于S2和S3,S1梯度的植物群落组成变化最大;（3） S1、S2和S3的植物群落复杂度在刈割后均呈先下降后增加的趋势,但S1的植物群落复杂度变化幅度高于S2和S3;（4）刈割导致各退化草甸植物群落的关键种发生了变化,2018、2019和2020年S1梯度的关键种在豆科（Leguminsae）和蔷薇科（Rosaceae）之间变化,S2梯度的关键种在禾本科（Gramineae）和菊科（Compositae）之间变化,S3梯度的关键种在蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、菊科（Compositae）和禾本科（Gramineae）之间转变。研究表明,滇西北高寒草甸植物物种丰富度、群落组成和群落复杂度对外界干扰响应的敏感性可能随退化加剧而上升,但群落关键种的响应过程较复杂。