2015 年江苏省医药产业发展报告

江苏省作为传统医药大省,是全国医药产业发展的重要组成部分。通过资料查询,从产业规模与体系、研发创新、产业潜能、人 才队伍、科研机构和专利发明等多方位,分析江苏省医药产业发展现状,并与其他医药产业重点省份进行比较,揭示目前全省医药产业 发展中的主要问题所在,为全省医药产业健康发展建言献策。     

我国少数民族孕产妇孕期保健及其健康现状综述

孕产妇孕期保健及孕产妇健康对促进安全分娩和优生优育起着十分重要的作用,随着我国孕产妇保健工作的进一步完善及国家二胎政策的实施,现代临床医学所倡导的优生优育的观念已逐渐被社会广泛认可。然而,我国少数民族地区多有经济落后、地理位置偏僻、思想观念陈旧等问题,导致我国少数民族孕产妇孕期保健水平还比较低下,孕产妇健康状况有待改善。为预防少数民族地区出生缺陷,降低出生缺陷率,提高优生率,提高少数民族地区出生人口素质,通过完善医疗制度,改善医疗环境,合理营养干预及加强家庭访视等相关健康教育促进孕期保健,提高孕前检查的依从性,实现优生,孕产期健康教育可以降低整个孕期出现的危险因素,本文对我国少数民族的孕产妇孕期保健及健康做一综述。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci from Russell's snapper (Lutjanus russellii)

A total of 37 microsatellite loci from the Russell's snapper, Lutjanus russellii, were successfully isolated and characterized. Thirty‐four loci were polymorphic in L. russellii samples. Twenty of the 37 markers did not differ significantly from Hardy–Weinberg expected genotype proportions. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected in one pairwise comparison. The numbers of alleles and observed heterozygosities in polymorphic loci ranged from two to 16 and from 0.41 to 0.95, respectively. These markers will be useful for studying the population genetic structure of this species.     

Radiolabeling and biodistribution of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma-targeting peptide identified by in vivo phage display

A dodecapeptide EDIKPKTSLAFR ligand targeting CEN- 1 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） was identified by in vivo phage display. Two tridecapeptides and their derivatives, named YR13 （YEDIKPKTSLAFR）, EY 1 3 （EDIKPKTSLAFRY）, EY 1 3-NH2 （EDIKPKTSLAFRY-NH2） and Fmoc-YR 1 3 （Fmoc-YEDIKPKTSLAFR）, were synthesized and radiolabeled with ^[3]I. The stability in vitro, biodistribution and tissue distribution of selected phage particles in mice bearing NPC tumor were determined, and plasma metabolites analysis of radiolabeled peptides was carried out. Although Fmoc and NH2 groups could protect the peptide from deiodination, only Fmoc group inhibited the binding of Fmoc-YR13 to NPC tumors. The compound EY13-NH2, the C-terminal amide of peptide EY13, had the greatest serum stability, the least deiodination, and showed favorable tumor/blood ratios. The selected phage particles （phage 3 or phage 5） were more concentrated in NPC tumors than the control phage （initial phage display peptide library）. EY13 could also inhibit the binding of selected phage particles to tumors. The results indicated that EDIKPKTSLAFR was a good candidate in diagnostic and therapeutic NPC.     

ApoE基因多态性与早发冠心病关系的研究

目的:研究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与早发冠心病CHD)的关系。方法:应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)基因分析方法,测定92例早发CHD、237例迟发CHD患者和220名对照者的ApoE基因型;血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果:发现的5种ApoE基因型,分别为E3/3、E2/2、E3/2、E4/3及E4/2。早发CHD组和迟发CHD组ApoE 4/3基因型和ε4等位基因频率均高于对照组(P＜0．01);进一步对两组CHD患者的ApoE多态性进行分析,发现早发组ε4等位基因频率较迟发组高(P＜0．05)。ApoE各等位基因型之间,TC和LDL-C水平之间存在统计学差异(P＜0．05)。结论:ApoE基因多态性与早发CHD的发生发展有关。     

中国植物标本馆数字化发展的缩影——江苏省中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(NAS)

江苏省中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(NAS)是中国最早的植物标本馆之一,也是国内最早开展植物标本数字化的标本馆,其标本数字化发展经历了4个阶段: 20世纪80年代后期尝试的标本文字信息数字化的起步阶段; 20世纪90年代末的标本图像数字化和文字信息数字化规范阶段; 2004年以后的标本批量数字化与信息网络共享快速发展阶段; 2018年后的标本数字化信息维护与优化阶段。这一过程集中代表和反映了中国植物标本数字化的发展历程。此外,近年来开始了发掘和利用江苏植物标本的数字化信息工作,包括建设江苏省级数字植物标本馆、开发江苏省维管植物标本时空分布可视化系统、开展标本采集-入库过程数字化等。今后,将不断深化标本数字化的工作,以期形成有NAS特色的数字化植物标本馆。     

Activation of liver X receptor suppresses osteopontin expression and ameliorates nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis is a common disease of the urinary system, of which idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones, in particular, are one of the special types. In the initial stages of CaOx kidney stone formation, Randall's plaques (RPs) develop. Liver X receptors (LXRs) inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory in other diseases; nevertheless, the role of LXRs in nephrolithiasis has yet to be elucidated. In this study, the role of LXRs in the progression of RP formation was investigated. Microarray analysis revealed that LXR/RXR levels were significantly greater in low-plaque tissues (<5%) than in high-plaque tissues (>5%), confirming the link between LXR activation and RP formation. Correspondingly, expression levels of two LXR target genes, LXRα and LXRβ, were lower in high-plaque tissues than in low-plaque tissues. In vitro, LXR agonist alleviated calcium oxalate monohydrate-induced cellular calcium deposits and apoptosis. LXR activation decreased reactive oxygen species production and gene expression of inflammatory mediators, including osteopontin that has recently been demonstrated to correlate with the development of RPs. Moreover, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling may mediate LXR-regulated expression in HK-2 cells. In an animal model, the deposition was reduced by activating LXR, and osteopontin expression was also inhibited. Our findings suggest a role for LXRs in the progression of idiopathic CaOx kidney stones; LXR agonists may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.     

Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA antibody provides long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and hamsters

Monoclonal antibodies represent important weapons in our arsenal to against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this potential is severely limited by the time-consuming process of developing effective antibodies and the relative high cost of manufacturing. Herein, we present a rapid and cost-effective lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated-mRNA platform for in vivo delivery of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibodies. Two mRNAs encoding the light and heavy chains of a potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody HB27, which is currently being evaluated in clinical trials, were encapsulated into clinical grade LNP formulations (named as mRNA-HB27-LNP). In vivo characterization demonstrated that intravenous administration of mRNA-HB27-LNP in mice resulted in a longer circulating half-life compared with the original HB27 antibody in protein format. More importantly, a single prophylactic administration of mRNA-HB27-LNP provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice at 1, 7 and even 63 days post administration. In a close contact transmission model, prophylactic administration of mRNA-HB27-LNP prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection between hamsters in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, our results demonstrate a superior long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 conferred by a single administration of this unique mRNA antibody, highlighting the potential of this universal platform for antibody-based disease prevention and therapy against COVID-19 as well as a variety of other infectious diseases.Subject terms: Biological techniques, Immunology     

褐纹甘蔗象风险分析及其风险管理

通过对褐纹甘蔗象在国内外的分布情况及国内寄主植物分布、适生范围、传播渠道、检疫管理措施等指标的定性和半定量的风险分析,得出其在我国属于中度危险的林业有害生物(其风险评估值为R=1.746),对我国种植面积广泛的棕榈科植物构成了较大的威胁。建议在有其寄主分布的省份将其列入林业检疫性有害生物省级补充名单进行管理,防止其在我国继续扩散危害,并提出了国内检疫管理的措施。