鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林大气降雨、穿透雨和树干流的养分特征研究

对鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林大气降雨、穿透雨和树干茎流中的5种养分元素K、Ca、Mg、N、P进行了测定,结合水量分配规律,研究了森林降雨过程中养分在水相中的含量变化特征和输入规律。结果表明：(1)所有离子浓度均为大气降水<穿透雨<树干流,且增幅较大,而平均浓度以K+和总氮(TN)含量最高;总磷(TP)、磷酸盐(HPO42-)、总有机磷(TOP)含量均最低。(2) 大气降雨中的离子平均浓度中以总有机氮(TON)的变异系数最大,为1.282;最小的是NO3-(0.502);穿透雨中变异系数最大的是TOP(2.357);最小的是TN(0.621)。树干流中各养分元素浓度与树种的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。(3) 季风常绿阔叶林树干流和穿透雨各养分对森林土壤的年输入量为TN>K+>Ca2+>Mg2+>TP,树干流和穿透雨对森林土壤层Ca2+的输入大于凋落物分解输入。因此,大气降雨是养分从林冠层转移到土壤层的重要因素。     

落葵薯粘液细胞分布及发育的解剖学研究

采用石蜡切片法对落葵薯(Anredera cordifolia(Tenore)Steenis)粘液细胞的分布及发育进行了研究。结果表明,粘液细胞普遍存在于落葵薯的茎、叶、叶柄中,粘液细胞单个散生分布于茎的髓及皮层组织中;叶的栅栏组织和海绵组织中都可见粘液细胞,且海绵组织中的数量明显多于栅栏组织中的;叶柄中的粘液细胞不多,主要分布在维管束四周的皮层组织中。粘液细胞的发育分为4个阶段:原始细胞阶段、液泡化阶段、成熟阶段和细胞质解体阶段。粘液细胞最早出现于第六叶原基,且其发育与茎、叶器官的组织分化不同步。     

A New Biosensor for Chiral Recognition Using Goat and Rabbit Serum Albumin Self‐Assembled Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor was used for the chiral recognition of five pairs of enantiomers by using goat serum albumin (GSA) and rabbit serum albumin (RbSA) as chiral selectors. Serum albumin (SA) was immobilized on the QCM through the self‐assembled monolayer technique, and the surface concentration of GSA and RbSA were 8.8 × 10^?12 mol cm^?2 and 1.2 × 10^?11 mol cm^?2, respectively. The QCM biosensors showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Meanwhile, the chiral recognition of SA sensors was quite species dependent. There were differences between GSA and RbSA sensors in the ability and the preference of chiral recognition. To R,S‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthylamine (R,S‐1‐TNA), R,S‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (R,S‐4‐MPEA), and R,S‐1‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (R,S‐3‐MPEA), the preference of the stereoselective SA‐drug binding of the two kinds of SA sensors were consistent. However, to R,S‐2‐octanol (R, S‐2‐OT) and R,S‐methyl lactate (R,S‐MEL), the two kinds of SA sensors had opposite chiral recognition preference. Moreover, the interactions of SA and the five pairs of enantiomers have been further investigated through ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescent (FL) spectra. The UV/FL results were in accordance with the consequence of QCM. Chirality 24:804–809, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Identification of a new gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase using genomic library construction strategy

Applying the genomic library construction strategy and colony screening, a new aroA gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase has been identified, cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzyme was purified to homogeneity. Kinetic analysis of the AroA _{P.fluorescens} indicated that the full-length enzyme exhibits 10-fold increased IC50 and an approximately 38-fold increased K _i for glyphosate compared to those of the AroA _E.coli , while retaining high affinity for the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate. Furthermore, we have transformed the new aroA _{P.fluorescens} gene into Arabidopsis thaliana via a floral dip method, and demonstrated that transgenic A. thaliana plants exhibit significant glyphosate resistance when compared with the wild type.     

重引入狗獾秋冬季行为的初步研究

2010年11月至2011年2月在上海奉贤申亚生态园内,对从山东重引入的狗獾(Meles meles)在围栏内进行了秋冬季行为的初步研究。结果表明,重引入狗獾在冬季活动时间低,取食食物以肉类饲料为主,平均2～4 d出洞活动一次,受温度影响大。研究表明,重引入狗獾能适应人工饲养并顺利越冬。     

Construction of a high density integrated genetic map for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

The high-density consensus map was constructed based on the GY14 × PI 183967 map from an inter-subspecific cross and the extended S94 × S06 map from an intra-subspecific cross. The consensus map was composed of 1,369 loci, including 1,152 SSR loci, 192 SRAP loci, 21 SCAR loci and one STS locus as well as three gene loci of fruit external quality traits in seven chromosomes, and spanned 700.5 cM, of which 682.7 cM (97.5%) were covered by SSR markers. The average genetic distance and physical interval between loci were 0.51 cM and ~268 kbp, respectively. Additionally, the physical position of the sequence-associated markers aligned along the assembled cucumber genome sequence established a relationship between genetic maps and cucumber genome sequence and to a great extent validated the order of markers in individual maps and consensus map. This consensus map with a high marker density and well-ordered markers is a saturated and reliable linkage map for genetic analysis of cucumber or the Cucurbitaceae family of plants.     

A Potent Class of GPR40 Full Agonists Engages the EnteroInsular Axis to Promote Glucose Control in Rodents

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin resistance and the incretin response. GPR40 (FFAR1 or FFA1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), primarily expressed in insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells and incretin-producing enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine. Several GPR40 agonists, including AMG 837 and TAK-875, have been disclosed, but no GPR40 synthetic agonists have been reported that engage both the insulinogenic and incretinogenic axes. In this report we provide a molecular explanation and describe the discovery of a unique and potent class of GPR40 full agonists that engages the enteroinsular axis to promote dramatic improvement in glucose control in rodents. GPR40 full agonists AM-1638 and AM-6226 stimulate GLP-1 and GIP secretion from intestinal enteroendocrine cells and increase GSIS from pancreatic islets, leading to enhanced glucose control in the high fat fed, streptozotocin treated and NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse models of type 2 diabetes. The improvement in hyperglycemia by AM-1638 was reduced in the presence of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist Ex(9–39)NH₂.     

Construction, expression and identification of a recombinant streptococcal protein G

化学合成链球菌蛋白G的C3D基因片段,通过分子生物学的方法对蛋白G(proteinG)的C3[1]片段进行PCR扩增,拼接形成含有两个和三个重复C3片段的重组链球菌蛋白G,C3片段间以链接区D连接,即形成C3DC3和C3DC3DC3的形式,进而克隆到质粒pET21中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达.重组表达的蛋白经过DEAE - Sepharose和IgG- Sepharose纯化,得到纯化的重组蛋白.采用非竞争性酶免疫法对重组蛋白与不同来源IgG的结合常数进行测定,实验结果显示两种重组链球菌蛋白G均可有效地与小鼠、兔及山羊等多种不同来源抗体特异性结合.这些实验结果为下一步研究奠定了基础.     

链球菌蛋白G的构建、重组表达及鉴定

化学合成链球茵蛋白G的C3D基因片段,通过分子生物学的方法对蛋白G（proteinG）的C3片段进行PCR扩增,拼接形成含有两个和三个重复C3片段的重组链球茵蛋白G,C3片段间以链接区D连接,即形成C3DC3和C3DC3DC3的形式,进而克隆到质粒pET21中,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达。重组表达的蛋白经过DEAE—Sepharose和IgG—Sepharose纯化,得到纯化的重组蛋白。采用非竞争性酶免疫法对重组蛋白与不同来源IgG的结合常数进行测定,实验结果显示两种重组链球茵蛋白G均可有效地与小鼠、兔及山羊等多种不同来源抗体特异性结合。这些实验结果为下一步研究奠定了基础。     

山东小麦地方品种资源铁和锌含量分析

利用等离子体发射光谱仪,对426份山东小麦地方品种资源进行了铁和锌微量元素含量的测定,摸清了山东省小麦地方品种资源铁和锌含量的分布情况。结果表明,山东小麦地方品种资源铁含量的分布范围为5.2～44.1mg/kg,锌含量的分布范围为6.2～50.4mg/kg。铁含量最高的种质是土耳其和落麦,分别为44.1mg/kg和41.8mg/kg;锌含量最高的种质是大青芒,为50.4mg/kg。利用这些铁锌含量高、子粒商品性及面制品口味好的小麦地方品种作育种亲本,对培育子粒中富含铁锌微量元素的高营养小麦新种质,具有十分重要的意义。