社区老年人上呼吸道定植菌调查及药敏分析

调查社区老年人上呼吸道的定植菌情况,能够了解引起社区老年人呼吸道感染的危险因素,分析主要定植菌的药敏结果,指导社区老年人呼吸道感染的经验治疗。取社区老年人咽喉部拭子进行细菌分离培养及鉴定,调查呼吸道定植菌情况,并对主要定植菌进行药敏试验,细菌鉴定应用法国生物梅里埃公司的细菌鉴定仪VITEK2和API系统,药敏试验采用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法,结果统计应用WHONET5.4软件。对706例社区老年人上呼吸道标本进行分离培养,有274份标本生长了致病菌或条件致病菌,其中248份标本有一种细菌生长,26份标本生长2种细菌,总体阳性率为38.8%。共分离9种细菌,居首位的细菌是肺炎克雷伯菌151株,占21.4%,其次为副流感嗜血杆菌74株,占10.5%,第3位的是β-溶血链球菌31株,占4.4%。75株肺炎克雷伯菌的药敏结果显示全部为敏感株,从药敏表型分析具有较高的同源性。老年人群上呼吸道定植菌以革兰阴性杆菌尤其以肺炎克雷伯杆菌为主,并对常用抗菌药物有高度敏感性,一旦发生定植菌感染应选择合适的抗菌药物并给予恰当的治疗方案,防止细菌产生耐药性。     

从鼠黑色素瘤细胞系中分离和鉴定癌干细胞样细胞

目的：从鼠黑色素瘤BL6F10细胞系中分离与鉴定癌干细胞（CSC）样细胞,为今后对CSC的鉴定及靶向治疗奠定基础。方法：用不同免疫磁珠标记的单克隆抗体,从BL6F10细胞系中分离有特征性CD表型的瘤细胞,体外观察不同CD表型瘤细胞在软琼脂培养基上形成克隆的能力;将这些瘤细胞皮下注射到C57BL/6小鼠,比较其致瘤性。结果：从BL6F10细胞系中分离出不同CD表型的特征性瘤细胞;在软琼脂培养基上,CD133^＋、CD44^＋和CD44^＋CD133^＋细胞克隆形成率分别高于CD133^-、CD44^-和CD44^＋CD133^-细胞;CD133^＋、CD44^＋、CD44^＋CD133^＋和CD44^＋CD133^＋CD24＋细胞在小鼠体内的致瘤性分别强于CD133^-、CD44^-、CD44^＋CD133^-和CD44^＋CD133^＋CD24^-细胞。结论：CD44^＋CD133^＋CD24＋表型的BL6F10细胞的某些生物学特性与CSC样细胞相似,具有CSC特征,这些实验结果为进一步鉴定BL6F10细胞系中的CSC提供了重要的实验资料。     

血清饥饿、汇合培养及放线菌酮对奶牛成纤维细胞周期的影响

在动物克隆研究中,研究者普遍认为位于细胞周期的G0+G1期的二倍体细胞对于核移植中供核细胞的重新程序化是必需的。本文探讨了血清饥饿、汇合培养及放线菌酮（CHX）处理对不同传代次数的体外培养奶牛成纤维细胞周期分布的影响。流式细胞仪分析结果显示：第3代和第13代细胞经血清饥饿处理72h后,细胞周期分布与对照差异显著(P<0.05);汇合培养可以显著增加奶牛成纤维细胞处于G0+G1期细胞数。CHX处理第3代细胞经CHX处理后处于G0+G1期的细胞数差异不显著,而第13代细胞处理后差异显著。结果表明体外培养奶牛成纤维细胞高代对血清饥饿、汇合培养及CHX处理更敏感。     

禽流感发生后青海湖水鸟的种群现状

于2006年和2007年4~9月,在青海湖对水鸟的资源状况进行了调查。结果表明,青海湖地区迁徙水鸟的多样性呈季节性变化。春季迁徙期水鸟多样性较高,水鸟的种类和数量都较为丰富;进入繁殖期以后,各地点的水鸟多样性趋于下降;随着秋季迁徙期的来临,水鸟多样性又再度升高,水鸟的种类和数量接近或超过春季迁徙期。在春季迁徙期,布哈河口、铁卜恰河口、泉湾和尕日拉的斑头雁(Anser indicus)、棕头鸥(Larus brunnicephalus)、渔鸥(L.ichthyaetus)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacro coraxcarbo)和赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)5种水鸟的数量都较多,致使种间相遇几率也较高;进入繁殖期以后,尕日拉的种间相遇率降低,而蛋岛和黑马河的种间相遇率有所增加,其余如布哈河口、铁卜恰河口和泉湾仍维持较高的水平;秋季迁徙期5种水鸟大多以集群的方式进行活动,主要集中在少数几个地点,如布哈河口、泉湾和黑马河,因此这三处的种间相遇率随之增加。最后,有针对性地提出了禽流感监测和保护管理建议。     

MSM and HIV/AIDS in China

This article profiles current status of spread and control of HIV/AIDS in China. China has a significant population of MSM (men who have sex with men) and they have been becoming very much alive in many ways since 1990s due to recent social changes. Some surveys indicate that great many of MSM are engaged in high-risk behaviors. In addition,majority of MSM have also experienced sexual encounters with women sometimes in their lives, which possibly contribute to spread of HIV to women. Some reports documented that HIV is becoming rampant among MSM since more than 1% of them are now infected. Political, cultural and custom elements could hinder intervention activities against HIV spread among MSM. Fortunately, many cities in China have seen that MSM were in cooperation with responsible institutions carrying out certain intervention measures. The general situation is promising. The authors forecast that the fast HIV spread among MSM of China could possibly be halted within several years when the authorities become more sensible to this issue, health service institutions offer unswerving efforts toward the MSM community and those who involve in MSM undertakes necessary responsibilities.     

利用大肠杆菌高效表达人载脂蛋白AI及其性质分析

载脂蛋白AI(apolipoproteinAI,apoAI)是高密度脂蛋白HDL的主要组成成分 ,流行病学研究表明apoAI的含量决定血浆中HDL的高低 ,而HDL具有胆固醇逆向转运的功能 ,起到降低冠心病发生概率的作用。通过大肠杆菌表达系统来生产apoAI的蛋白原proapoAI,蛋白的表达形式为包涵体 ,通过疏水柱进行柱上复性。同时在proapoAI和apoAI之间设计一个酸水解位点 ,通过将蛋白原proapoAI进行酸水解来得到成熟蛋白apoAI。最终得到的成熟蛋白apoAI在结构分析和脂结合特性上都与天然的apoAI相似 ,从而为该蛋白的工业生产上提供了一个良好的基础。     

用4个微卫星标记分析7个绵羊群体之间的遗传关系

分析了4个微卫星基因座BM143、OarHH35、OarAE101、BMS2508在7个绵羊群体（小尾寒羊、湖羊、乌珠穆沁羊、萨福克羊、多赛特羊、夏洛来羊、多赛特公羊×小尾寒羊母羊F1代杂种羊）286只绵羊中的遗传多态性。结果表明,这4个微卫星标记在7个绵羊群体中的等位基因数分别为9、11、14和9,其多态信息含量/有效等位基因数/杂合度分别为0.7073/3.7231/0.7314、0.8267/6.4399/0.8447、0.5743/2.5178/0.6028、0.6172/3.0712/0.6744,其中OarHH35的遗传变异最大,OarAE101最小。7个绵羊群体中小尾寒羊的遗传变异最大,湖羊的最小。基于Nei氏DA距离和DS标准遗传距离,采用UPGMA方法构建了系统发生树。该发生树将中国地方品种（小尾寒羊、乌珠穆沁羊、湖羊）和法国的夏洛来羊归为一类,将F1杂种羊、英国品种（萨福克羊和多赛特羊）归为另一类。绵羊微卫星基因分型技术为检查品种（群体）之间的遗传关系提供了一个有用的工具。 Abstract：The genetic polymorphisms of four microsatellite loci BM143,OarHH35,OarAE101,and BMS2508 were analyzed in 286 sheep of seven sheep populations (Small Tail Han sheep, Hu sheep, Ujumqin sheep, Suffolk sheep, Dorset sheep, Charolais sheep, F1 of Dorset♂ × Small Tail Han sheep♀). The numbers of alleles for BM143,OarHH35,OarAE101,and BMS2508 are 9, 11, 14 and 9 in seven sheep populations, respectively. The polymorphism information content/number of effective alleles/ heterozygosity of BM143,OarHH35,OarAE101 and BMS2508 were 0.7073/3.7231/0.7314, 0.8267/6.4399/0.8447,0.5743/2.5178/0.6028,0.6172/3.0712/0.6744 in 286 sheep, respectively. The results revealed the greatest genetic variation at OarHH35 locus and the lowest at OarAE101, the greatest genetic variation in Small Tail Han sheep and the lowest in Hu sheep among seven sheep populations. In the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrograms based on Nei's DA distance and Nei's DS standard genetic distance, the Chinese native breeds (Small Tail Han sheep, Ujumqin sheep, Hu sheep) were grouped together, then with Charolais sheep. The F1 crossbred sheep, and the two British native sheep (Suffolk sheep, Dorset sheep) also clustered together. Microsatellite genotyping in sheep provided a useful tool for examining the genetic relationships among breeds(populations).     

Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in the sheep (Ovine aries)

Paternal inheritance of mitochondria DNA in sheep was discovered by examination of 152 sheep from 38 hybrid families for mtDNA D-loop polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP, amplification of repeated sequence somain, and PCR-SSCP of the D-loop 5' end region of a 253 bp fragment. Our findings have provided the first evidence of paternal inheritance of mtDNA in sheep and possible mechanisms of paternal inheritance were discussed.     

利用流式细胞术研究大肠埃希菌对肝癌腹水瘤细胞系Hca—F25／CL—16A3的作用

利用小鼠肝癌腹水瘤细胞Hca-F25/CL-16A3,运用流式细胞技术研究了大肠埃希菌对肿瘤细胞的作用,对细胞DNA含量的影响以及诱导细胞凋亡的作用,结果表明：大肠埃希菌在直接希伤肿瘤细胞的同时,还可以影响细胞DNA的含量,并可诱导细胞发生调亡。