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21.
Abstract: State wildlife agencies often use input obtained through public meetings to develop management policies. Because public meetings can be dominated by single stakeholder groups, these policies may not reflect the attitudes of new wildlife stakeholders. In 2000 the Utah Wildlife Board, after a series of public meetings, adopted a statewide policy for winter-feeding mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). The policy was implemented by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources from 2001 to 2007 in Cache County of northern Utah, USA. In 2007, we surveyed Utah households representing metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, and Cache County residents (n = 1,800) to evaluate whether the winter-feeding policy reflected the attitudes of all wildlife stakeholders. Survey respondents, regardless of residence strata, believed winterfeeding programs were essential for managing mule deer in Utah (χ26 = 7.02, P = 0.32). However, most respondents were reluctant to support feeding programs at the expense of habitat restoration projects (χ26 = 11.64, P = 0.07). Our results suggest that the winter-feeding policy represented the attitudes of the Utah residents surveyed, though few had participated in its development. Respondents' strong utilitarian attitudes toward wildlife (e.g., strong support for hunting and feeding) influenced those respondents' perceptions of the policy. Given the effects of increased urbanization on utilitarian attitudes toward wildlife in many parts of the United States, coupled with decreasing numbers of traditional wildlife stakeholders, state wildlife agencies should continually reevaluate their public involvement processes to ensure new wildlife stakeholders' attitudes and concerns are represented. 相似文献
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HEATHER M. WILSON PAUL L. FLINT CHRISTINE L. MORAN ABBY N. POWELL 《The Journal of wildlife management》2007,71(2):403-410
ABSTRACT Populations of Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) breeding in Alaska, USA, have declined markedly over the past 40 years. We studied survival of adult female Pacific common eiders using capture—recapture of nesting hens at 3 sites on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska from 1994 to 2004. We used data consisting of 268 recapture events from 361 uniquely marked individuals to investigate temporal, geographic, and environmental variation in adult female survival. Our results suggest apparent annual survival of adult eiders from the YKD was high (0.892, SE = 0.022) and spatially and temporally invariant (σ2 = 0.005), a pattern consistent with other long-lived marine birds. Moreover, our results suggest adult survival may be functionally fixed for Pacific common eiders, and at the present, adult survival may be relatively unresponsive to environmental or management perturbations. Our data did not support hypothesized variation in survival relative to mortality factors such as predation on breeding grounds, physiologic costs of reproduction, and wintering conditions. Although changes in adult survival likely have a large potential effect on prospective population growth, our results suggest viable management actions aimed at increasing survival may be extremely limited. 相似文献
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X-chromosome inactivation, which was discovered by Mary Lyon in 1961 results in random silencing of one X chromosome in female mammals. This review is dedicated to Mary Lyon, who passed away last year. She predicted many of the features of X inactivation, for e.g., the existence of an X inactivation center, the role of L1 elements in spreading of silencing and the existence of genes that escape X inactivation. Starting from her published work here we summarize advances in the field. 相似文献
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A pressure of oxygen of 5 atmospheres has been shown to inhibitmarkedly the carbon-dioxide output of green shelled peas. Accompanyingthis decrease, an accumulation of pyruvic and citricacid has been noted, whilst a depletion in the concentrationof -ketoglutaric acid and, in some experiments, of malic acidoccurred. The results have been interpreted as indicating thathigh pressures of oxygen interfere with the metabolism of citricacid causing a jamming of the tricarboxylic acidcycle; thus, under the conditions prevailing during the oxygentreatment, the tricarboxylic acid cycle is considered to bea major respiratory pathway in peas. 相似文献
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CHRISTINE REBER FUNK REGULA SCHMID‐HEMPEL PAUL SCHMID‐HEMPEL 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(1):83-86
We report the details and characteristics of a total of 44 novel microsatelllite loci for Bombus spp. Most of them are highly polymorphic in Bombus terrestris, and a high degree of polymorphism is also found where these primers have been tested in 10 other bumblebee species. These markers will therefore be useful for the genetic study of this group. 相似文献
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Drought and Oxidative Load in the Leaves of C3 Plants: a Predominant Role for Photorespiration? 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
NOCTOR GRAHAM; VELJOVIC-JOVANOVIC SONJA; DRISCOLL SIMON; NOVITSKAYA LARISSA; FOYER CHRISTINE H. 《Annals of botany》2002,89(7):841-850
Although active oxygen species are produced at high rates inboth the chloroplasts and peroxisomes of the leaves of C3 plants,most attention has focused on the potentially damaging consequencesof enhanced chloroplastic production in stress conditions suchas drought. This article attempts to provide quantitative estimatesof the relative contributions of the chloroplast electron transportchain and the glycolate oxidase reaction to the oxidative loadplaced on the photosynthetic leaf cell. Rates of photorespiratoryH2O2 production were obtained from photosynthetic and photorespiratoryflux rates, derived from steady-state leaf gas exchange measurementsat varying irradiance and ambient CO2. Assuming a 10 % allocationof photosynthetic electron flow to the Mehler reaction, photorespiratoryH2O2 production would account for about 70 % of total H2O2 formedat all irradiances measured. When chloroplastic CO2 concentrationrates are decreased, photorespiration becomes even more predominantin H2O2 generation. At the increased flux through photorespirationobserved at lower ambient CO2, the Mehler reaction would haveto account for more than 35 % of the total photosynthetic electronflow in order to match the rate of peroxisomal H2O2 production.The potential signalling role of H2O2 produced in the peroxisomesis emphasized, and it is demonstrated that photorespiratoryH2O2 can perturb the redox states of leaf antioxidant pools.We discuss the interactions between oxidants, antioxidants andredox changes leading to modified gene expression, particularlyin relation to drought, and call attention to the potentialsignificance of photorespiratory H2O2 in signalling and acclimation. 相似文献
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Changes in the level of nicotinamide nucleotides, rate of 14CO2output from [114C] or [614 C6/C1 ratios, glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NAD kinaseactivities were determined during the first 72 h of germinationof seeds of Cicer arietinum L. The level of oxidized and reducedforms of nicotinamide nucleotides, together with the activityof glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase,NAD kinase, and C6/C1 ratios, suggest that the pentose phosphatepathway is activated during early germination in cotyledonsof chick pea seeds. The results obtained in embryonic axes seemsto indicate a lower participation of the PP pathway, probablydue to the development of the activity of the glycolytic-TCApathway. 相似文献