我国奶牛乳房炎致病性金黄色葡萄球菌血清型分布

本试验采用玻片凝集法对从临床型乳房炎病乳中分离获得的56株金黄色葡萄球菌进行血清型分型。结果表明336型占67.9%(38/56),5型占7.1%(4/56),8型占3.6%(2/56)。     

Thirty‐two single nucleotide polymorphism markers for high‐throughput genotyping of sockeye salmon

We characterize 32 single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays for resolving genotypic variation in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Pacific Rim. These assays are based on the 5′‐nuclease reaction and thus facilitate high‐throughput genotyping with minimal optimization time. Minor allele frequency differences (Δq) among collections were between 4.7% and 97.9%, resulting in per locus F_ST estimates of 0.02–0.71 with an average of 0.22.     

Evolution of the population structure of Venturia inaequalis,the apple scab fungus,associated with the domestication of its host

Evaluating the impact of plant domestication on the population structure of the associated pathogens provides an opportunity to increase our understanding of how and why diseases emerge. Here, we investigated the evolution of the population structure of the apple scab fungus Venturia inaequalis in response to the domestication of its host. Inferences were drawn from multilocus microsatellite data obtained from samples collected on (i) the Central Asian Malus sieversii, the main progenitor of apple, (ii) the European crabapple, Malus sylvestris, a secondary progenitor of apple, and (iii) the cultivated apple, Malus×domestica, in orchards from Europe and Central Asia. Using clustering methods, we identified three distinct populations: (i) a large European population on domesticated and wild apples, (ii) a large Central Asian population on domesticated and wild apples in urban and agricultural areas, and (iii) a more geographically restricted population in M. sieversii forests growing in the eastern mountains of Kazakhstan. Unique allele richness and divergence time estimates supported a host‐tracking co‐evolutionary scenario in which this latter population represents a relict of the ancestral populations from which current populations found in human‐managed habitats were derived. Our analyses indicated that the domestication of apple induced a significant change in the genetic differentiation of populations of V. inaequalis in its centre of origin, but had little impact on its population dynamics and mating system. We discuss how the structure of the apple‐based agrosystem may have restricted changes in the population structure of the fungus in response to the domestication of its host.     

MicroRNA与肺癌发生、诊断及治疗

微小RNA(miRNAs)是一大类小的非编码RNA,它通过与靶mRNA 3′非翻译区部分互补配对来调节特定基因的表达。近来研究表明,miRNA可作为癌基因或抑癌基因在肺癌发生发展过程中起重要作用。比较癌组织和非癌组织中miRNA表达谱的差异可筛选出部分miRNA分子作为肺癌诊断和预后判断的潜在生物标记。调节具有致癌或抑癌功能的miRNA表达可能成为肺癌治疗新方法,而结合传统放化疗及其敏感性miRNA标志也为肺癌治疗研究提供了新的策略。该文对miRNA在肺癌发生与发展、基因诊断和治疗中的作用做一综述。