恙虫的生态及其防灭方法的研究

二、三年来我们在恙虫病防治工作中,曾对恙虫的生态做了若干观察,初步明确了一些杀灾恙虫有效的或无效的药剂。兹粽合报告如下。 恙虫的生态观察 自从 1953年在平潭岛调查以来。由各种家鼠和野鼠体上收到11种恙虫,主要品种     

Disease resistance to bacterial pathogens affected by the amount of ferredoxin-I protein in plants

Ferredoxin-I (Fd-I) is a fundamental protein that is involved in several metabolic pathways. The amount of Fd-I found in plants is generally regulated by environmental stress, including biotic and abiotic events. In this study, the correlation between quantity of Fd-I and plant disease resistance was investigated. Fd-I levels were increased by inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae but were reduced by Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora . Transgenic tobacco over-expressing Fd-I with the sense sweet pepper Fd-I gene ( pflp ) was resistant to E. carotovora ssp. carotovora and the saprophytic bacterium P. fluorescens. By contrast, transgenic tobacco with reduced total Fd-I and the antisense pflp gene was susceptible to E. carotovora ssp. carotovora and P. fluorescens . Both of these transgenic tobaccos were resistant to P. syringae pv. syringae . By contrast, the mutated E. carotovora ssp. carotovora , with a defective harpin protein, was able to invade the sense- pflp transgenic tobacco as well as the non-transgenic tobacco. An in vitro kinase assay revealed that harpin could activate unidentified kinases to phosphorylate PFLP. These results demonstrate that Fd-I plays an important role in the disease defence mechanism.     

中国“丝绸之路”地区血红蛋白病的遗传流行病学特点

对“丝绸之路“沿线陕、甘、新等省区的22万余人进行了血红蛋白病调查,应用蛋白质一级结构分析技术,从271例异常血红蛋白先证者中,发现变异体24种,以HbD Punjab、HbG TaiPei、HbG Coushatta 频率较高,呈梯度分布,其中HbJ Tashikuergan和Hb Tianshui 为世界新种异常血红蛋白。采用基因鉴定技术,于85例β地中海贫血携带者中,确定基因突变类型12种,以CD17（A→T）频率最高,其中[-28(A→G）.CD17(A→T）/N]双重突变杂合子,为同一染色体上的双重基因突变。极为罕见,CD8（－AA）、CDs8/9( G）为中国人中首次发现。根据“丝绸之路”地区异常血红蛋白和地中海贫血的类型特点、地理及民族分布规律,本文认为①我国西北部民族主要由中亚高加索人,黄河流域汉族人和蒙古高原的古代游牧民族组成。②β地贫CD17突变基因可能起源于甘肃的陇原大地,随华人迁徙传入东南亚各地。③该地遗传背景复杂,突变基因具有高度的异质性,存在显著的遗传流行病学特点。     

中国链格孢属分类研究Ⅴ. 生于锦葵科、睡莲科和蔷薇科植物上的新种、新名称和中国新记录种

含链格孢2个新种、1个新名称和4个新记录:朱槿链格孢Alternaria rosa-sinensis M.X.Gaoet T.Y.Zhang,sp.nov.、地榆链格孢A.sanguisorbae M.X.Gaoet T.Y.Zhang,sp.nov.、莲生链格孢A.nelumbicola T.Y.Zhang,nom.nov.、锦葵链格孢A.malvae Roum.et Letendre.、苹果生链格孢A.pomicola A.S.Horne、杏链格孢A.pruni和塔米链格孢A.tamijiana.新种有拉丁文特征描述和绘图.新种的模式标本分别保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)和西北农业大学真菌标本室(HMUABO).     

中国蝴蝶新种,新亚种及新记录种（I）（鳞翅目）

记述中国蝴蝶１新种、３新亚种、２中国新记录种和２中国新记录亚种,模式标本保存在西北农要科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

小叶三点金的黄酮类成分研究

从小叶三点金(Desmodium microphyllum)乙醇溶液中分离得到9个黄酮类化合物,通过波谱学方法分别鉴定为()-表儿茶素(1)、genistein-4′-O-β-glucoside(2)、异荭草苷(isoorientin,3)、荭草苷(orientin,4)、木犀草素(luteotin,5)、异日本獐牙菜素(isoswertiajaponin,6)、luteoayamenin(7)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-galactoside,8)、木犀草素-7-O-鼠李糖苷(luteolin-7-rhamnoside,9)。所有化合物均为首次在该植物中分离得到。     

Isolation and characterization of 23 polymorphic microsatellite markers for diversity and stock analysis in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

The tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is an important marine crustacean in terms of biological diversity and aquaculture resource. The shrimp is widespread across the Indo‐Pacific region and shows apparent genetic differentiation among geographical populations. It is common practice to transport female brooders between different countries to seed the shrimp farms, posing potential problems of unwanted population admixture. We developed 23 polymorphic microsatellites for P. monodon (average H_E = 0.936) and these microsatellites were applicable for studying population differentiation, identifying valid stocks and tagging nonindigenous farmed shrimps.     

甘南亚高山草甸围封地群落演替及植物光合生理特征

为了解甘南亚高山草甸围封地恢复演替动态, 探究围封恢复进程中植物光合生理特征的变化规律及其影响因子, 对围封试验地内5个典型群落样地进行样方调查, 测定了各群落优势种及3个共有种的光合参数和叶性状参数, 并测定了群落表层土壤(0-20 cm)的水分含量及全氮含量。结果显示: 该围封地内形成一个以草本植物→半灌木→灌木的演替序列, 群落表层土壤含水量及全氮含量随着演替的进行逐渐增加; 在演替的时间尺度上, 各演替阶段优势种光合生理特征间存在明显差异, 随着演替的进行, 群落优势种的净光合速率(A_area)、光合水分利用效率(WUE)、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)呈降低趋势, 其叶片氮含量(N_mass)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)、比叶面积(SLA)随演替变化没有严格一致的规律, 而更多地表现为不同植物功能型之间的差异; 从演替前期到后期, 同种植物的A_area、SPAD值逐渐降低, 非豆科植物披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii)的PNUE、WUE随演替进行呈降低趋势, 其N_mass、SLA随演替进行却呈增加趋势, 然而豆科植物紫苜蓿(Medicago sativa)由于具有固氮能力, 受养分限制不明显, 这些光合生理特征值没有随演替发生明显的变化。这些结果表明, 在恢复演替过程中, 该围封地由一个物质获得能力强的群落向物质保持能力强的群落过渡, 土壤水分含量及全氮含量是推动这种过渡发生的主要因子。掌握围封地群落演替过程中的光合生理动态对于亚高寒退化草甸恢复具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Effect of Celecoxib on Ca2+ Fluxes and Proliferation in MDCK Renal Tubular Cells

The effect of celecoxib on renal tubular cells is largely unexplored. In Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, the effect of celecoxib on intracellular Ca^{2 +} concentration ([Ca^{2 +}]_i) and proliferation was examined by using the Ca^{2 +}-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 and the viability detecting fluorescent dye tetrazolium, respectively. Celecoxib (≥1 μ M) caused an increase of [Ca^{2 +}]_i in a concentration-dependent manner. Celecoxib-induced [Ca^{2 +}]_i increase was partly reduced by removal of extracellular Ca^{2 +}. Celecoxib-induced Ca^{2 +} influx was independently suggested by Mn^{2 +} influx-induced fura-2 fluorescence quench. In Ca^{2 +}-free medium, thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca^{2 +}-ATPase, caused a monophasic [Ca^{2 +}]_i increase, after which celecoxib only induced a tiny [Ca^{2 +}]_iincrease; conversely, pretreatment with celecoxib completely inhibited thapsigargin-induced [Ca^{2 +}]_i increases. U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, abolished ATP (but not celecoxib)-induced [Ca^{2 +}]_i increases. Overnight incubation with 1 or 10 μ M celecoxib decreased cell viability by 80% and 100%, respectively. These data indicate that celecoxib evokes a [Ca^{2 +}]_i increase in renal tubular cells by stimulating both extracellular Ca^{2 +} influx and intracellular Ca^{2 +} release and is highly toxic to renal tubular cells in vitro.