帕里红景天的化学成分研究

从帕里红景天根茎的石油醚和乙醇提取部分共分得１４种结晶性化合物,经光谱分析和化学反应,分别鉴定为二十二醇、二十六酸、十九醇、β－谷甾醇、二十九醇、红景天甙、麦芽糖、棉皮素－８－葡萄糖甙、胡萝卜甙、酪醇、咖啡酸、没食子酸、形花内酯和新化合物帕里甙。     

干旱和湿润生境下辽东栎群体遗传结构及其适应意义的初步研究

应用同工酶分析方法,测定北京市东灵山区两个分别代表干旱和湿润生境的辽东栋（ＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｉｚ．）群体的遗传结构。共分析统计了１３ 个酶系统３０ 个位点。结果表明：辽东栎群体内部存在丰富的遗传变异（多态位点百分率为８６．６％ ,等位基因平均数为２．２５）。两群体遗传结构的相似性程度很高（Ｄ＝ ０．０２９, ＧＳＴ＝ ０．０４８）;但在个别位点上仍存在较大差异,这些差异的产生可能与对小生境的适应有关。对不同年龄段的初步分析结果显示,基因频率的动态变化可能有其适应意义     

A simple and modified manometric method for measuring oxygen uptake rate of plant cells in flask cultures

Summary A simple and convenient technique was developed based on the principle of Warburg manometric method to measure O₂ uptake rate (OUR) and CO₂ evolution rate (CER) of suspended cells in a shake flask culture. It was successfully applied to suspension cultures of rice (Oryza sativa) and Panax notoginseng cells, and some important bioprocess parameters, such as OUR, CER, respiratory quotient (RQ), specific OUR (SOUR) and specific CER (SCER), were quantitatively obtained. The measuring system is easy to operate, able to treat many samples simultaneously and is economical.     

Recent advances in plant cell cultures in bioreactors

Two key issues in the application of plant-cell-culture technology to the production of valuable secondary metabolites are reviewed: the selection of cell lines with suitable genetic, biochemical and physiological characteristics; and the optimization of bioreactor environments. Although great progress has been made in recent years in the design, selection and optimization of bioreactor hardware, optimization of environmental factors such as medium components, light irradiation and O₂ supply needs detailed investigations for each case. With a better understanding of plant cell metabolism and physiology, further developments in cultivation processes, such as process integration and on-line monitoring and control, can be expected in the near future.J.-J. Zhong and J.-T. Yu are with the Research Institute of Biochemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China T. Yoshida is with the International Center of Cooperative Research in Biotechnology (ICBiotech), Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan.     

长江三峡库区植被及环境考察报告-库区主要森林树种

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中国蚜科新纪录,4

在调查云南森林昆虫中发现下述种类为我国首次纪录。 大尾小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella grandicauda Takahashi et Kuwana, 1963,中国新纪录。采自云南丽江(林科所1980.V.23),各型孤雌蚜。寄主为艾蒿,盖满3—4寸嫩梢。活体叶绿色,体稍扁。不易从植物上坠落。国外分布于朝鲜、日本和印度。     

大熊猫臼齿釉质的超微结构和氨基酸组成

大熊猫臼齿釉质的超微结构特征主要是施氏明暗带的宽度一般由8—15条釉柱组成;釉柱的横切面一般呈六角形或四角形,由里向外,釉柱的直径逐渐增大。在靠近釉牙本质界处,釉柱数量逐渐减少,有时甚至完全缺失,形成无釉柱结构的釉质。大熊猫臼齿釉质的氨基酸组成主要以甘氨酸,丙氨酸,谷氨酸,天冬氨酸和亮氨酸的含量为最高,而蛋氨酸,胱氨酸和酪氨酸的含量为最低。另外,还含有少量的羟脯氨酸。这种组成模式一般与人类和其它哺乳动物牙齿釉质的氨基酸组成相类似。     

日本松干蚧的重要天敌——隐斑瓢虫的初步研究

隐斑瓢虫是近年来在杭州地区发现的日本松干蚧的一种重要捕食性天敌。该虫在杭州一年发生四代,其年发生规律基本上和日本松干蚧的生活周期相吻合,而且能在松林中形成比较稳定的群落。根据测定,隐斑瓢虫对日本松干蚧各虫态的捕食能力较强,一头成虫的日平均捕食量为:显露若虫13.33头,雌成虫4.27头,卵囊3.67个(每个卵囊内平均有卵265.5粒),雄蛹28.27只;一头幼虫全期(或2—4龄和3—4龄)分别能捕食显露若虫39.20—105.56头,雌成虫40.80—47.79头,卵囊39.38—41.79个,雄蛹220.50只。它在引进辽宁省沈阳和旅大地区后,不仅仍能正常的捕食日本松干蚧(显露若虫),其成虫和幼虫喂以各种蚜虫均能正常生殖和发育,并且一年可以繁殖三代:冬季,只要在0℃以上的温度条件下,给予少量的糖水等作补充营养,亦能安全的越冬。据此,作者认为隐斑瓢虫在浙江杭州和辽宁,均具有作为控制日本松干蚧的发生来加以饲养繁殖与利用的价值。     

猕猴桃品种‘金桃’采收指标与果实软熟品质相关性研究

分别对河南省27个果园的中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）品种‘金桃’果实的5项采收生理指标及果实软熟时的8项品质性状进行测定,采用主成分分析法对果实软熟时的品质指标进行综合评分,并对果实的采收生理指标、果实软熟品质指标及综合分值间进行相关性分析。结果显示,采收时的生理指标（干物质、色度角、硬度和可溶性固形物）均与果实软熟品质综合分值间呈极显著相关,其中干物质相关系数最高,为0.437。干物质与体现果实软熟品质的关键指标（可溶性固形物、总糖和糖酸比）均呈极显著性相关。研究结果表明‘金桃’果实采收时,干物质含量是果实软熟时品质的重要评价指标,而可溶性固形物和色度角是评判采收期的辅助指标。