Adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on progeny outcome can be mediated through post-testicular mechanisms in the rat.

Previous studies from our laboratory have suggested that, in addition to an effect on spermatozoa in the testis, cyclophosphamide may have an adverse effect on spermatozoa after they leave the testis, during epididymal transit. To elaborate on this post-testicular effect on germ cells and to determine at which site(s) in the epididymis germ cells are most sensitive to cyclophosphamide treatment, three experiments were undertaken. First, the time course of the effect of treatment of male rats with cyclophosphamide on the outcome of their progeny was determined. Male rats were treated daily by gavage with saline or one of two doses of cyclophosphamide (6.8 mg/kg or 10.0 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days. At the end of each treatment period, males were mated to assess the effect on pregnancy outcome. No effect was observed on pre-implantation loss at any time among any of the groups, but there was a time-dependent and dose-related increase in post-implantation loss. Post-implantation loss was significantly increased after 4 days of treatment and reached nearly 40% after 7 days of drug exposure (10.0 mg/kg). Second, the effect of treatment with single high doses of cyclophosphamide was studied. Male rats were treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (10, 30, or 70 mg/kg) and bred 1 day and 4 days post-treatment. No significant change in pre-implantation loss was observed at either time point; no change in post-implantation loss was found after 1 day post-treatment. However, a significant increase in post-implantation loss was observed in the two high-dose groups 4 days post-treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

苏芸金杆菌感染粘虫后中肠组织学病变的研究

本文描述了Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1纯晶体感染粘虫Mythimna separata 5龄初幼虫后,其中肠肠壁细胞的超微结构变化.电镜观察表明:首先线粒体,发生病变,随后,细胞顶部肿胀、胞质电子密度下降,顶部胞质之下的各种细胞器均受损伤.随着病变加重,柱状细胞基膜内褶及杯状细胞质突起,这两个富含线粒体的区域发生病变最为明显.最终,肠壁细胞解体从基膜脱落.     

Ca~(2 )对叶绿体中超氧物自由基产生以及由ACC形成乙烯的影响

高浓度Ca~(2 )(0.1 mol/L)使叶绿体产生O_2~ 的能力下降,旋转相关时间(τ_c)增大34.3％,即膜的流动性降低,并抑制ACC形成乙烯;衰老时细胞内的Ca~(2 )作用却与此相反;O_2~ 的生成与乙烯的产量成正相关(r=0.941)。EGTA,吩噻嗪和W_7等加入到叶绿体反应体系中,可使O_2~ 的产量下降,ACC形成乙烯减少;相反,亚油酸作为Ca~(2 )载体,却使之明显升高,但亚油酸本身产生乙烯的量比ACC少得多。因此推测:高浓度Ca~(2 )可能影响叶绿体膜的状态,从而影响EFE的构象或者减少O_2~ 的生成,抑制ACC的转化,衰老时细胞内的Ca~(2 )可启动钙信使系统,使O_2~ 的产量升高,而其中膜脂过氧化是衰老的中心环节,因此O_2~ 的升高可能是诱发衰老启动的重要因素。     

中国寄生云杉的顶裂盘菌及其无性阶段

本文报道了寄生在云杉上的中国新记录种顶裂盘菌(Lophophacidium hyperboreumLagerb.);首次发现了这个种的无性型座壳梭孢属(Apostrasseria sp.),证实了融雪前病株针叶上有表生的菌丝和小菌核;查清了它是新疆云杉林中的广布种,引致云杉雪枯病;发现了新分布区,地理分布范围在75°—94°E,37°40′—49°N;发现了新寄主,多土的西伯利亚云杉(Picea obovata Ledeb.)和引进的青海云杉(P.crassifolia Kom.)、川西云杉(P.balfourianaRehd.et Wils.)。     

中国狭长蝽属初记(半翅目:长蝽科:杆长蝽亚科)

狭长蝽属(Dimorphopterus Stal)为杆长蝽亚科(Blissinae)中较大的一属。身体常成两侧平行的小杆状,多数尚较粗壮,亦有甚狭长者,体黑,被平伏或半直立毛,翅革片白色而有深色斑,常出现短翅型个体。多生活于禾本科植物上,北方地区为害高粱的“高粱长蝽”即属此类。 本属的概念和范围几经变动:Stal 1872年建立此属时,用身体较狭,触角短于头、胸     

Population Differences in Brain Morphology and Microstructure among Chinese,Malay, and Indian Neonates

We studied a sample of 75 Chinese, 73 Malay, and 29 Indian healthy neonates taking part in a cohort study to examine potential differences in neonatal brain morphology and white matter microstructure as a function of ethnicity using both structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We first examined the differences in global size and morphology of the brain among the three groups. We then constructed the T2-weighted MRI and DTI atlases and employed voxel-based analysis to investigate ethnic differences in morphological shape of the brain from the T2-weighted MRI, and white matter microstructure measured by fractional anisotropy derived from DTI. Compared with Malay neonates, the brains of Indian neonates’ tended to be more elongated in anterior and posterior axis relative to the superior-inferior axis of the brain even though the total brain volume was similar among the three groups. Although most anatomical regions of the brain were similar among Chinese, Malay, and Indian neonates, there were anatomical variations in the spinal-cerebellar and cortical-striatal-thalamic neural circuits among the three populations. The population-related brain regions highlighted in our study are key anatomical substrates associated with sensorimotor functions.     

基于染色体置换系的普通野生稻耐盐性QTL定位

本研究分别利用SSR标记、InDel标记以及简化基因组测序技术对一套以普通野生稻为供体亲本,9311为受体亲本的染色体置换系进行基因型鉴定,并通过对其不同生育期的耐盐性鉴定,共发掘2个与发芽期耐盐相关的QTL,13个与苗期耐盐性相关的QTL。其中与苗期存活率相关的QTL qSSR5.1、苗期耐盐等级相关的QTL qSSG5.1均被定位于同一位点,该位点对苗期存活率、苗期耐盐等级均具有增效作用,贡献率分别为6.36%、8.13%。在此QTL内包含与非生物胁迫相关基因OsDi19-1。经序列比对发现,OsDi19-1启动子区域在两亲本间存在较大差异,且受到盐胁迫时该基因表达量上升。同时,鉴定出水稻芽期耐盐的优异种质资源CSSL72、苗期耐盐的优异种质资源CSSL23、CSSL153,为水稻育种中耐盐性的改良提供了新的种质资源。