Nucleotide sequences of serine tRNAs from Bacillus subtilis.

Three B. subitilis serine tRNAs were sequenced including modified nucleosides. All the serine tRNAs contained 1-methyl-adenosine in the D-loop. As other characteristic modified nucleosides, 5-methoxyuridine was found in the first letter of the anticodon in the tRNA(UGA).     

Steroidal saponins from Smilax lebrunii.

Two new steroidal saponins, (25 R)-spirostan-3 beta-ol-6-one-3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1----6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (25 R)-spirostan-3 beta-ol-6-one-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1---4)] [alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1----6)]-beta-glucopyranoside, were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax lebrunii. Their structures have been established by chemical and spectral methods.     

Phenylpropanoid and iridoid glycosides from Pedicularis lasiophrys.

Two new compounds, pedicularioside E and F, were isolated from whole plants of Pedicularis lasiophrys, along with the four known compounds, verbascoside, cistanoside C, cistanoside D and 8-epiloganin. On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, pedicularioside E and F were identified to be 1'-O-beta-D-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-beta-phenyl)-ethyl-6'-O-feruloyl- alpha-L-(2-acetyl)-rhamnosyl-(1----3')-4'-acetylglucopyranoside and shanzhisin methyl ester cellobioside, respectively.     

Genomic in situ hybridization to identify alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in wheat

Summary Genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify alien chromatin in chromosome spreads of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., lines incorporating chromosomes from Leymus multicaulis (Kar. and Kir.) Tzvelev and Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) Löve, and chromosome arms from Hordeum chilense Roem. and Schult, H. vulgare L. and Secale cereale L. Total genomic DNA from the introgressed alien species was used as a probe, together with excess amounts of unlabelled blocking DNA from wheat, for DNA:DNA in-situ hybridization. The method labelled the alien chromatin yellow-green, while the wheat chromosomes showed only the orange-red fluorescence of the DNA counterstain. Nuclei were screened from seedling root-tips (including those from half-grains) and anther wall tissue. The genomic probing method identified alien chromosomes and chromosome arms and allowed counting in nuclei at all stages of the cell cycle, so complete metaphases were not needed. At prophase or interphase, two labelled domains were visible in most nuclei from disomic lines, while only one labelled domain was visible in monosomic lines. At metaphase, direct visualization of the morphology of the alien chromosome or chromosome segment was possible and allowed identification of the relationship of the alien chromatin to the wheat chromosomes. The genomic in-situ hybridization method is fast, sensitive, accurate and informative. Hence it is likely to be of great value for both cytogenetic analysis and in plant breeding programmes.     

苏芸金杆菌感染粘虫后中肠组织学病变的研究

本文描述了Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1纯晶体感染粘虫Mythimna separata 5龄初幼虫后,其中肠肠壁细胞的超微结构变化.电镜观察表明:首先线粒体,发生病变,随后,细胞顶部肿胀、胞质电子密度下降,顶部胞质之下的各种细胞器均受损伤.随着病变加重,柱状细胞基膜内褶及杯状细胞质突起,这两个富含线粒体的区域发生病变最为明显.最终,肠壁细胞解体从基膜脱落.     

苜蓿胚状体的分离及其发育过程中三种同工酶酶谱分析(简报)

目前,对胚状体发生过程中的生理生化研究表明,这一过程伴随有核酸、蛋白质等大分子物质合成速度的增加及与胚胎发生有关的特异性蛋白的合成;一些同工酶,如过氧化物酶、脂酶、细胞色素氧化酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶     

中国狭长蝽属初记(半翅目:长蝽科:杆长蝽亚科)

狭长蝽属(Dimorphopterus Stal)为杆长蝽亚科(Blissinae)中较大的一属。身体常成两侧平行的小杆状,多数尚较粗壮,亦有甚狭长者,体黑,被平伏或半直立毛,翅革片白色而有深色斑,常出现短翅型个体。多生活于禾本科植物上,北方地区为害高粱的“高粱长蝽”即属此类。 本属的概念和范围几经变动:Stal 1872年建立此属时,用身体较狭,触角短于头、胸     

践踏干扰对碧塔海高寒草甸植被茎叶性状、物种多样性和功能多样性的影响

高寒草甸具有重要的生态服务功能,然而固有脆弱性使其极易遭受气候变化和人为干扰等多重因素的影响。作为滇西北旅游资源中重要的组分之一,高寒草甸吸引了大批游客前往开展徒步旅行活动,但伴随着的践踏干扰作用会不可避免地对高寒草甸生态系统带来负面影响。然而,目前关注践踏干扰对滇西北高寒草甸植被的影响,特别是植被功能性状和功能多样性如何发生变化方面的研究还十分欠缺。以云南省香格里拉市碧塔海自然保护区内的典型高寒草甸生态系统为研究对象,采用实验践踏的方式(一共5种不同强度的践踏处理)来模拟旅游活动对草甸植被的干扰作用,并以草甸植被的茎叶性状特征为切入点,重点探讨践踏干扰对茎叶性状的平均大小和变异程度的影响,以及物种丰富度(以物种形态分类为基础)和功能丰富度(以功能性状为基础)之间的关系。研究结果显示,随着践踏强度的增加,植株高度和叶片大小的平均值,而不是茎叶性状的变异程度,出现明显下降趋势。此外,物种丰富度和功能丰富度均随践踏强度的增强而减小,且两者之间呈现显著正相关关系。然而,较之轻度践踏实验组,重度践踏实验组中的功能均匀度和功能分离度水平均有所增加,表明践踏干扰可能会在短期内打破优势种对资源的绝对占有格局和减少物种间的生态位重叠程度。尽管高寒草甸对人类践踏活动有一定的承受能力,但气候变化和人为干扰等多重因素势必会改变和影响高寒草甸群落的结构和功能可持续性,这也对高寒草甸的保护与管理工作提出了更加紧迫的要求。     

亚香棒虫草菌丝体金属硫蛋白的提纯及性质

【目的】探讨锌离子诱导亚香棒虫草(Cordyceps hawkesii)菌丝体金属硫蛋白的产生及性质。【方法】亚香棒虫草菌丝体以18 g/L Zn2+在10 L发酵罐中诱导培养64 h后收集菌丝体,产率为每升发酵液收集12.2 g菌丝体(干重),细胞破碎取上清液通过2次凝胶柱层析,冷冻干燥得到亚香棒虫草菌丝体金属硫蛋白纯品。利用考马斯亮蓝法(Bradford法)进行含量测定,用银饱和分析法结合原子吸收光谱(AAS)测定MT含量,用Ellman’s方法和火焰原子吸收法分别测得巯基含量和结合锌原子数,用电喷雾质谱仪测得分子量,全自动氨基酸分析仪测氨基酸组成。通过对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除率试验探讨亚香棒虫草金属硫蛋白的抗氧化活性。【结果】发酵终点金属硫蛋白产量为15.3 mg/g菌丝体湿重。金属硫蛋白的分子量为7 680 Da,每分子蛋白质含有18个巯基、结合4个Zn原子。氨基酸组成分析结果显示,每分子蛋白质共含60个氨基酸,其中含有15个半胱氨酸,且含有组氨酸和芳香族氨基酸。亚香棒虫草金属硫蛋白的抗氧化活性稍强于谷胱甘肽,弱于动物金属硫蛋白。【结论】亚香棒虫草在Zn2+胁迫下能够大量合成金属硫蛋白,且其金属硫蛋白的性质与哺乳动物金属硫蛋白有相似性。