Cold shock and heat shock: a comparison of the protection generated by brief pretreatment at less severe temperatures

Abstract Brief exposure to low (0^oC) or high (40^oC) temperature elicits a protective response that prevents injury when the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart, is subjected to more severe cold (-10^oC) or heat (45^oC). Both the low and high temperature responses were found in all developmental stages of the fly, but were most pronounced in the pupal and pharate adult stages. The protective responses generated by brief exposure to 0 or 40^oC appear similar in that both result in a rapid acquisition of cold or heat tolerance and a loss of protection after the flies are returned to 25^oC. The protection generated by chilling is obvious within 10 min of exposure to 0^oC while a 30 min exposure to 40^oC is required to induce the high temperature protection. High temperature protects against cold shock injury within a narrow range (around 36^oC) but we have no evidence that low temperature can protect against heat injury. We previously demonstrated that the rapid increase in cold tolerance correlates with concomitant increases in glycerol concentration, but in this study we found no significant elevation in glycerol in heat-shocked flies. Thus the physiological and biochemical bases for the rapid responses to cold and heat appear to be different.     

无眼金线鲃及其性状演化

无眼金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus是继我国个旧盲条鳅、无眼平鳅、裸腹盲鲃之后发现的第四种盲鱼。与近似种小孔金线鲃相比,该新种侧线鳞较少。由于它长期生活在黑暗的石灰岩溶洞之中,引起某些性状的适应性变异:眼睛消失;体无色素;鳞片退化,感觉器官特别发达。形态比较结果表明,无眼金线鲃是类似小孔金线鲃的祖先进入地下伏流后,适应黑暗环境而形成的一个种,为本属鱼类进化过程中的一个特化分支。     

A single wheatgrass chromosome reduces the concentration of barley yellow dwarf virus in wheat

Seedlings of a series of addition or substitution lines of wheat containing different Thinopyrum intermedium chromosomes were inoculated with the PAV and RPV serotypes of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Reduced virus titres in infected plants were ascribed to a single pair of homoeologous group 7 chromosomes from Th. intermedium in the disomic addition lines L1 and TAF 2. The group 7 chromosome is associated with red pigmentation of coleoptiles, which was also observed in two lines ditelosomic for the α arm of the chromosome. However, when infected with the PAV serotype of BYDV, the ditelosomic lines had normal virus titres and it is concluded that potential determinants of BYDV resistance are located on the β arm of the Group 7 chromosome.     

黑胶粉虱虫生菌的研究

扁座壳孢(Aschersonia placenta Berk.et Br.)是黑胶粉虱病原真菌,在寄主初龄幼虫期使用孢子悬浮液喷雾,个体容易感病,而且致死力较强。该菌最适生长温度24—26℃,暴发性流行季节气候条件多阴雨,相对湿度在85％以上。病原能在一般培养基上生长繁殖。在自然界以感病致死虫尸为营养载体,粘附在叶面,不断形成分生孢子,产生再次侵染,对控制害虫虫口增长作用显著,是综合防治中不可忽视的生物因素。     

螫虾腹屈肌的肌球蛋白-副肌球蛋白丝

利用甘油梯度离心方法分离和纯化螯虾腹屈肌粗肌丝,电子显微镜照片显示粗肌丝上有数条纵行条纹,指示其可能由数根亚丝所组成。粗肌丝的 SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明其含有肌球蛋白和副肌球蛋白,肌球蛋白仅包含有二种轻链。副肌球蛋白类晶体呈针状,具有14.5nm 和72.5nm 的横纹周期。实验结果表明,螯虾腹屈肌粗肌丝是肌球蛋白-副肌球蛋白丝。     

西藏钝绥螨属一新种(蜱螨目:植绥螨科)

本文记述西藏钝绥螨属一新种,模式标本保存在南昌江西大学生物系本文测量单位为微米。 西藏钝绥螨Amblyseius xizangensis新种 雌螨(图1—6) 背板长503.6,宽300.0。前背板侧缘及后背板大部具网纹。背板刚毛18对,孔9对,刚毛D7对,M2对,L9对。S_1和S_2位于盾间膜上。各刚毛长:D_133.8,     

刺激家兔腹部迷走神经外周端降压效应中枢机制的研究

应用电解损毁和脑室内注射药物的方法研究了刺激家兔腹部迷走神经外周端所致降压效应的中枢机制。结果表明:1.电刺激延脑闩部尾侧1.5—2mm、中线旁开0.25mm、深1—2mm 处主要引起降压反应。2.电解损毁该部位可以使刺激腹部迷走神经外周端所引起的降压效应显著减弱(n=20,P<0.001),但对刺激减压神经所致降压反应无影响。3.在延脑闩部水平电解损毁减压神经纤维在孤束核的主要投射区可以使刺激减压神经所致降压反应显著减弱,而对刺激腹部迷走神经外周端所致降压反应无影响。4.第四脑室注射5,6-双羟色胺的动物较之注射人工脑脊液的动物颈、胸髓5-羟色胺含量明显降低、动物动脉压增高、心率明显增快、刺激减压神经所致降压反应未见减弱,而刺激腹部迷走神经外周端所致降压反应却明显减小。因此,我们认为家兔腹部迷走神经外周端所致降压效应依赖于延脑闩下部的中缝隐核及连合核等结构,而与减压神经的投射部位无关。延脑中缝核至脊髓的下行性5-HT能神经纤维抑制脊髓交感节前神经元的活动,是这个降压效应的中枢机制之一。     

大劣按蚊吸血活动与交配受精的关系

大劣按蚊Anophelos dirus是我国及东南亚地区的重要传疟媒介。研究表明成蚊羽化后,在未喂血的情况下,可有较高的交配受精率。在同一蚊笼,吸血机会完全相同的条件下,大蚊笼受精雌蚊吸血率为59.88%,未受精雌蚊的吸血率为35.38%;小蚊笼受精雌蚊的吸血率为74.13%,未受精雌蚊吸血率仅为43.56%。正常交配雌蚊的吸血率为49.71%,未进行交配的处女雌蚊吸血率为28.42%。同为正常交配蚊群,喂血组雌蚊受精率55.85%,不喂血组的受精率为44.51%。初步认为大劣按蚊的吸血活动与交配受精有一定的关系。     

夜蛾科新种记述

本文记述夜蛾科3新种,分别采自四川峨眉山和湖北神农架。新种的正模标本保存子中国科学院动物研究所,副模标本保存于湖北省农业科学院植物保护研究所。 1.大斑明夜蛾Sphragifera magniplag新种 翅展38毫米。胸部背面及颈板白色,布有零星黑点,下胸与足淡褐色,足腿节与胫节杂有黑色;腹部褐色,腹面杂有黑色;前翅白色,翅基部及中区布有黑褐色点,一红棕色斜     

图夜蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)

本文记述图夜蛾属一新种。新种的模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 隐图夜蛾Eugraphe obsoleta新种(图1) 翅展29毫米。头部淡褐色,下唇须第1、2节外侧大部褐黑色,第3节淡黄色,头顶褐色,雄蛾触角双栉形,栉齿短,有纤毛,颈板与翅基片淡褐色,胸部背面黑褐色,足暗灰褐色;腹部暗褐色,节间赭黄色;前翅淡赭黄色,中室色较暗,各横线不明显,环纹大,近圆形,