物种多样性和系统发育多样性对阔叶红松林生产力的影响

生物多样性与生态系统功能间的关系已成为生态学研究的热点问题之一,其中植物多样性对森林生产力的驱动作用受到广泛关注,而其潜在驱动机制还存在很大争议.本研究依托黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区典型阔叶红松林9 hm^2森林动态监测样地,利用2005年和2015年的调查数据,采用线性回归和结构方程模型探究不同空间尺度下物种多样性和系统发育多样性对森林生产力的影响.结果表明:物种多样性和系统发育多样性与生产力均呈正相关,随着空间尺度的增大,物种多样性对生产力的作用强度逐渐增强,而系统发育多样性对生产力的作用逐渐减弱;小尺度下系统发育多样性对生产力的影响大于物种多样性.生产力还受到非生物因素影响,在不同尺度下土壤因子与生产力均呈显著正相关,并且随着尺度的增大,土壤因子对生产力的作用逐渐占据主导地位.在今后研究中应将进化信息与生态系统功能相联系,可为其他多样性度量提供额外的解释力,同时还应考虑空间尺度及非生物因素的影响,为深入了解森林生产力的驱动机制提供科学依据.     

脑胶质瘤中心体的异常扩增及其与疾病分期的相关性

目的:探讨脑胶质瘤中心体扩增情况及其与疾病分期的相关性。方法:对40例胶质瘤标本和10例正常脑组织标本进行HE染色的检测;免疫组织化学检测Ki67和γ-微管蛋白的表达;使用免疫荧光染色技术检测中心体扩增情况。结果:不同标本中,HE染色呈现不同的细胞形态特征;Ki67在正常脑组织中没有表达,但在Ⅰ/Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级胶质瘤中的阳性表达率分别为65%、80%和100%,各组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),说明Ki67的表达与胶质瘤级别相关。γ-微管蛋白在正常脑组织和Ⅰ/Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤中的表达率分别为30%、50%、80%和100%,各组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),说明胶质瘤级别升高,中心体扩增率增加;免疫荧光检测显示,中心体扩增率和脑胶质瘤的级别呈正相关。结论:中心体扩增是脑胶质瘤的恶性程度的特征之一,并且与胶质瘤发病阶段有关,提示中心体扩增和脑胶质瘤的发展具有密切的相关性。     

贵州洞穴三栉毛蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,管网蛛科)(英文)

记述产自贵州省盘县的管网蛛科三栉毛蛛属1新种,命名为碧云三栉毛蛛Tricalamus biyun sp.nov..模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院.     

鸟类利用地磁场定向的机制(英文）

地磁场和生物体间的相互作用关系是一个很有趣的未解之迷。虽然对地磁场的生物学作用至今还知之不多,不过近来有关鸟类利用地磁场信息定向的研究取得了较大的进展。很多鸟类能够对地磁场和外加磁场信息做出反应,这些反应可能通过磁场&#8722;生物化学过程介导。对此,目前有两种被广为接受的解释,一种认为在鸟喙上方存在一个磁场信息感受器,另一种认为通过视觉成像系统感受磁场信息。另外,最近研究发现磁场信息的感知分析功能有明显的单侧优势特征。虽然目前有关鸟类利用磁场信息定向的研究取得了很多进展,但是要想解释并利用鸟类的磁场定向功能还有很多工作要做。本文结合最近的研究发现对这一有趣的问题进行了综述。     

术中超声在复杂性肾结石手术的临床应用

目的：探讨术中超声在复杂性肾结石手术中的作用。方法：将56例复杂性肾结石手术患者分成实验组和对照组,前者术中使用超声检查,后者术中不使用超声检查,比较两组术后结石残存率、术中手术时间、出血量和肾功能。结果：实验组术后结石残存率、术中手术时间、出血量少于对照组（P〈0．05）,两组肾功能变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：术中超声对肾切开取石有简便、精确、迅速、易掌握的优点,值得临床推广。     

中国球瓢蜡蝉属二新种记述(半翅目,瓢蜡蝉科)

1丽球瓢蜡蝉Hemisphaerius lysanias Fennah Gergithus esperauto Chou et Lu,1985:122,新异名观察标本:1♂(Gergitnus esperauto Chou et Lu的正模,原文记述为1♀,实际标本为雄虫),海南海口,1964-05-29,刘思孔采;1♂,海南岛保亭,1964-04-12,刘思孔采;1♂,海南马岭,1974-12-18,杨集昆采;2♂♂,海南尖峰岭,1981-01-6/8,陈振耀采;1♂,1♀,海南吊罗山,1983-05-23,张雅林采;1♂,海南岛尖峰岭,1983-05-26,张雅林采;3♂♂,2♀♀,海南琼中牙畜岭,2002-07-02,王培明采;21♂♂,7♀♀,海南定安县翰林,2002-07-26,王宗庆、车艳丽采;1♂,3♀♀,海南吊罗山,2002-08-16,王培明采;1♀,海南定安县岭口,2002-08-25,王宗庆、车艳丽采.2三瓣球瓢蜡蝉,新种Hemisphaerius trilobulus sp.nov.本种与H.tappanus Matsumura相似,但可从以下特征区分:1)前者前翅中域及边缘分别具有1斜条纹,条纹之间具有1个圆斑,后者翅近端部具2斜条纹;2)前者唇基端部具横带,后者唇基中央具2条纵带.正模♂,云南勐腊,1991-05-15,王应伦、彩万志采.副模:2♀♀,云南西双版纳勐仑,1974-04-21/30,周尧、袁锋、胡隐月采;2♂♂,3♀♀,云南西双版纳勐仑,1982-04-17/24,周静若、王素梅采;20♂♂,云南勐腊瑶区,1991-04-08/22,王应伦、彩万志采;10♀♀,云南勐腊瑶区,1991-05-07/11,王应伦、彩万志采.3双斑球瓢蜡蝉,新种Hemisphaerius bimaculatus sp.nov.本种与H.palaemon Fennah相近似,但可从以下特征区分:1)后翅仅为前翅的0.4倍,后者后翅为前翅的0.5;2)后足刺式6-10-2,后者6-9-2;3)额的端部具有2个浅色的斑,后者无.正模♂,福建天游,1982-06-27,张万池采.副模2♀♀,福建武夷宫,1982-06-26,齐石成采;1♀,福建戴云山,1984-07-30,崔志新采.     

Genealogy and palaeodrainage basins in Yunnan Province: phylogeography of the Yunnan spiny frog,Nanorana yunnanensis (Dicroglossidae)

Historical drainage patterns adjacent to the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau differed markedly from those of today. We examined the relationship between drainage history and geographic patterns of genetic variation in the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis, using approximately 981 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA partial sequences from protein‐coding genes ND1 and ND2, and intervening areas including complete tRNA^Ile, tRNA^Gln and tRNA^Met. Two null hypotheses were tested: (i) that genetic patterns do not correspond to the development of drainage systems and (ii) that populations had been stable and not experienced population expansion, bottlenecking and selection. Genealogical analyses identified three, major, well‐supported maternal lineages, each of which had two sublineages. These divergent lineages were completely concordant with six geographical regions. Genetic structure and divergence were strongly congruent with historical rather than contemporary drainage patterns. Most lineages and sublineages were formed via population fragmentation during the rearrangement of paleodrainage basins in the Early Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Sympatric lineages occurred only in localities at the boundaries of major drainages, likely reflecting secondary contact of previously allopatric populations. Extensive population expansion probably occurred early in the Middle Pleistocene accompanying dramatic climatic oscillations.     

慢性重型乙肝继发侵袭性真菌感染的研究

目的明确侵袭性真菌感染(invasive fungal infections,IFI)在慢性重型乙肝患者中发病情况及主要病因。方法依据IFI和乙肝诊断标准,筛选上海长征医院感染科慢性重症乙肝患者,60例IFI者为病例组,66例未发生IFI为对照组,进行回顾性分析。结果 IFI患病率47.62%,病死率40%。乙肝病毒DNA水平是最主要的危险因素,当DNA高于3.16×103copies/mL,IFI发病可能性增大。结论慢重肝患者IFI的患病率和病死率超出临床预期,降低DNA拷贝可延缓乙肝进展,在预防及治疗IFI中亦具积极意义。     

含转人乳铁蛋白奶粉对SD大鼠亚慢性毒性的研究

目的:研究人乳铁蛋白奶粉对SD大鼠营养状况、生理、生化指标等亚慢性毒性的影响.方法:取初断乳SD大鼠140只,雌雄各半按照体重随机分为7组.分别饲喂添加比例为7.5%,15%和30%转基因成分奶粉的饲料、添加比例为7.5%,15%和30%不舍转基因成分奶粉的饲料和基础饲料90天.在实验中期和未期采血检测血液常规指标.实验结束时处死实验动物,计算脏器指数,并对主要脏器进行病理组织学观察.结果:试验期间各组动物生长发育情况良好,给予含转基因成分奶粉实验组动物的血常规与不含转基因成分奶粉组和常规饲料组相比均无显著性差异(P≤0.05),未见各组实验动物的脏器组织出现任何病理形态学改变.结论:未发现含转基因成分的奶粉对实验动物有亚慢性毒性.     

Comparative study of leaf anatomy of Malaysian species of Chionanthus and Olea (Oleaceae) with special reference to foliar sclereids

The foliar anatomy of 15 Malaysian species of Chionanthus and 3 species of Olea is described and compared with particular reference to sclereids. The anatomy of the two genera is similar except that Chionanthus shows a wider range in sclereid form, eight kinds ofsclereid are recorded. Filiform sclereids are present in all Olea species and most Chionanthus species examined, additional kinds ofsclereid found in these Chionanthus species include astrosclereids, dendrosclereids, osteosclereids and polymorphic sclereids, with brachysclereids of several forms in the petiole. Quantity of sclereids is not related to coriaceousness, which is determined by leaf thickness. Anatomical characters do not support any major grouping of species within Chionanthus and provide further evidence that the sections, Eulinocitra and Ceranthus , are untenable. The distinction between the lepidote scales of Olea and the peltate hairs common to all oleaceous genera is discussed.