两种绣线菊低温锻炼与脱锻炼处理对蛋白质表达的影响

通过2维双向电泳法,研究抗寒能力与光合能力不同的金山绣线菊与华北绣线菊,低温锻炼处理对蛋白质表达所产生的影响。结果表明,低温锻炼处理对2种绣线菊蛋白质表达的影响显著不同,在低温锻炼与脱锻炼处理中,金山绣线菊产生低温诱导特异蛋白,华北绣线菊没有低温诱导特异蛋白表达;蛋白质双向电泳图谱分析表明,华北绣线菊与金山绣线菊经过低温锻炼后发生蛋白质差异表达,经质谱鉴定其中的3种显著差异表达的蛋白质分别为2种未知新蛋白,2种未知蛋白的部分氨基酸序列分别为VSHLAGFSSNNPK、LKADKPTLLSEAK;DPNDHPNPFTVK、DGNGFFLYLLDPDSSK、NGDGMFLYLLDGLESK,另一种差异蛋白为抗坏血酸过氧化物酶;低温锻炼处理使绣线菊中与光合作用密切相关的蛋白质抗坏血酸过氧化物酶发生了显著的变化。     

中国新叶蠊属一新种和一新记录种记述(蜚蠊目：姬蠊科)

In the present paper, Neoloboptera Princis is reviewed and one new species, Neoloboptera choui Che, sp. nov., and one new record species, N. reesei Roth, are described and illustrated. All type specimens are kept in the Insect Collection of Southwest University (SWU).     

面部激素依赖性皮炎合并真菌感染的危险因素及真菌学研究

糖皮质激素（以下简称激素）依赖性皮炎是由于长期滥用或误用激素外用制剂引起的皮肤慢性炎症,以面部较为常见^[1]。临床上时而遇到激素依赖皮炎并发真菌感染的情况,为了解引发激素依赖皮炎合并真菌感染的危险因素及致病菌情况,现将本科近年诊治的236例激素依赖性皮炎及真菌学检查结果分析如下。     

DNA序列在苔藓分子系统学研究中的应用

DNA是遗传信息的载体,直接对DNA核苷酸排列顺序的分析和比较是研究苔藓分子系统学的最彻底和最理想的方法。本文综述了DNA序列(叶绿体基因组、核基因组和线粒体基因组)在苔藓分子系统学中的应用,探讨了基因片段的选择策略。并提出只有将分子数据和传统分类学取得的研究成果结合起来,构建最合理的系统树,才能更好地推动苔藓分子系统学的发展。     

水稻土模拟土柱中肥料氮素的迁移转化特征

为了明确肥料氮素在模拟土柱中的迁移转化特征,通过布置室内模拟土柱试验,研究了3倍常规施肥水平下（360 mg·kg^-1）水稻土中矿质氮的变化.结果表明： 不同处理、不同土层间NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量差异显著.不施肥对照在整个培养期间养分含量变化不大,不同土层间亦没有显著性差异.施用尿素和硫铵后,土壤NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量显著提高,尤其是0～50 mm土层内,分别达到186.0～2882.1 mg·kg^-1和268.7～351.5 mg·kg^-1,分别相当于对照的4.8～242倍和5.7～316倍,50 mm以下各土层与对照处理相似,表明肥料氮素的迁移转化主要发生在0～50 mm土层内,并且在培养的前14 d变化最大.整个培养期间不同土层内,硫铵处理不同矿质态氮含量是尿素处理的0.7～2.0倍,硝化率是尿素处理的0.9～1.4倍,表明硫铵在水稻土中的转化效率略高于尿素.     

开花期低温胁迫对水稻花粉性状及剑叶理化特性的影响

以耐冷水稻品种996和冷敏感品种4628为材料,开花期在人工气候室进行7 d低温（06:00-8:00和19:00-23:00,19 ℃;08:00-10:00和16:00-19:00,21 ℃;10:00-16:00,23 ℃;23:00-06:00,17 ℃）和适温（06:00-8:00和19:00-23:00,24 ℃;08:00-10:00和16:00-19:00,26 ℃;10:00-16:00,30 ℃;23:00-06:00,22 ℃)处理,研究了低温胁迫对水稻花药开裂、花粉性状及剑叶叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量、膜透性等理化特性的影响.结果表明：开花期低温胁迫导致水稻花药开裂系数、花粉萌发率显著下降,中部和下部颖花的不育花粉率增加.996的花药开裂系数和花粉萌发率显著高于4628,表明耐冷品种996在开花期低温胁迫下能保持较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性.低温胁迫下,996的剑叶可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量及其增幅显著高于4628,而丙二醛含量和相对电导率及其增幅却显著低于4628,说明耐冷品种在低温胁迫下的保护性反应更迅速和强烈,其膜结构及功能更稳定.     

线粒体基因和核基因揭示自然屏障和第四纪更新世气候振荡影响双斑乙蠊谱系地理格局

[目的]明确双斑乙蠊Sigmella biguttata种群间遗传分化程度,并揭示该种地理分布格局成因.[方法]PCR扩增双斑乙蠊19个地理种群284头个体的线粒体基因COⅠ,COⅡ和ND1以及核基因ITS的序列;使用MEGA v.7.0,DnaSP v.5.0和Arlequin v.3.5软件分析双斑乙蠊地理种群的遗...     

Systematics and phylogeography of the Taiwanese endemic minnow Candidia barbatus (Pisces: Cyprinidae) based on DNA sequence,allozymic, and morphological analyses

The phylogeographical patterns of the endemic minnow, Candidia barbatus, were examined using mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b sequences, allozyme electrophoresis, and morphology. The 23 mtDNA haplotypes recovered were grouped into six lineages (A–F). According to a molecular clock of 1.7% per million years, we estimated that the colonization of C. barbatus to Taiwan took place three million years ago with several subsequent vicariance events. In the allozyme analysis, the Bayesian approach partitioned different populations into three clusters, with clusters I, II, and III mainly found in northern, central, and southern Taiwan, respectively. Morphologically, fish from north and south of the Tropic of Cancer had distinct numbers of lateral line scales and were separated into two morphs. The cohabitation of different mtDNA lineages with high allozymic and morphological similarities suggests that interbreeding amongst them is possible. Therefore, in spite of highly differentiated mtDNA, samples from different collecting sites should be considered a single species. Based on the current population distribution and levels of divergence, we propose that both orogenic activities and marine regression during glacial epoch were the two main forces shaping population differentiation of this species. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161 , 613–632.     

Floral organogenesis of Helleborus thibetanus and Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) and its systematic significance

Floral organogenesis in Helleborus thibetanus and Nigella damascena was examined and compared using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and the putative relationships of Helleborus and Nigella were analysed. H. thibetanus and N. damascena share some features of floral phyllotaxis and development of the sepals, petals, stamens and carpels, which are also found in other members of Ranunculaceae. However, they differ strongly in the number and degree of fusion of the carpels: in H. thibetanus, the two carpels are slightly united at the base, whereas, in N. damascena, the gynoecium is syncarpous and the five carpels are united throughout the ovary. Differences are also noted in petal development. The blade of the young petal of H. thibetanus develops two bulges which become connate and then fuse with the blade at the sides, developing more quickly than the blade and forming a tubular petal. In N. damascena, a single ridge is formed on the petal blade which develops into the smaller adaxial labium of the bilabiate petal, whereas the blade itself develops into the larger abaxial labium bearing two pseudonectaries. The outermost stamens are delayed in development in Helleborus, but not in Nigella. Although the results from our investigation are preliminary, differences in floral development characters suggest that Helleborus and Nigella may not be closely related and possibly support placement into separate tribes. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 166 , 431–443.     

高寒草甸植被细根生产和周转的比较研究

植物根系是陆地生态系统重要的碳汇和养分库,细根周转过程是陆地生态系统地下部分碳氮循环的核心环节,在陆地生态系统如何响应全球变化中起着关键作用。在全球变化敏感地区之一的青藏高原,对该地区的主要植被类型矮嵩草草甸同时采用根钻法、内生长袋法和微根管法3种观测方法研究细根生产和周转速率,并探讨了极差法、积分法、矩阵法和Kaplan-Meier法等数据处理方法对计算值的影响。研究结果显示:在估算细根净初级生产力时,根钻法宜采用积分法,内生长袋法宜选用矩阵法;由此进一步以最大细根生物量为基础,根钻法和内生长袋法估测的细根年周转速率分别为0.36 a-1和0.52 a-1,内生长袋法的估算结果是根钻法的1.44倍。对于微根管法,将其观测得到的细根长度转换为单位面积的生物量值后,采用积分法计算出细根周转速率为0.84 a-1,远高于传统方法的估算结果;若采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析方法,则计算出的细根周转速率更高达3.41 a-1。