异枝竹属的名实问题

将异枝竹属Metasasa W．T. Lin作为酸竹属Acidosasa C．D．Chu et C．S．Chao ex Keng f．的异名处 理。异枝竹Metasasa carinata W．T. Lin和白环异枝竹 Metasasa albo-farinosa W．T．Lin作为新组合名Aci-dosasa nanunica(McCl．)C．S．Chao et G．Y．Yang,comb．nov．的异名。     

从宏基因组学切入探讨老年性阴道炎阴道微生态的微观整体性

老年性阴道炎是女性绝经后的常见病、多发病,西医认为该病的病因为绝经后或长期闭经后雌激素水平降低,阴道微生态失衡。宏基因组学是近年出现的菌群整体性检测方法,采用宏基因组学技术检测老年性阴道的微观整体状况,将为本病中医证型及疗效评定提供客观精确的量化标准。     

黄芪甲苷对人骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖及细胞因子表达的影响

目的：探讨黄芪甲苷对人骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖及细胞因子表达的影响。方法：采用Percoll密度离心法和贴壁法分离纯化hBMSC;流式细胞术检测hBMSC表面标志;MTT法检测不同浓度黄芪甲苷干预72h后hBMSC的增殖情况;Real-timePCR法检测经黄芪甲苷干预后hBMSC对SCF、VEGF、SDF-1、GM-CSFmRNA的表达水平。结果：成功分离培养出laBMSC;不同浓度（20、40、80、160、320mg／mL）的黄芪甲苷可促进hBMSC增殖（P〈0．05）,其中160mg／mL组促增殖最明显;黄芪甲苷可促进hBMSC对SCF、VEGF、SDF-1mRNA的表达,而GM—CSFmRNA表达无明显变化。结论：黄芪甲苷可促进hBMSC体外增殖,可能与其促进hBMSC对SCF、VEGF、SDF-1mRNA表达有关。     

苯酚降解菌ZJ-1的分离及降解特性研究

目的:筛选苯酚降解菌,用于降解苯酚提高氧化塘处理效率.方法:以苯酚为惟一碳源进行选择性培养.结果:从乌鲁木齐市某炼油厂污水池的活性污泥中分离出一株能以苯酚为惟一碳源培养基上生长的菌株,编号为ZJ-1,该菌株最高可耐受1000mg/L的苯酚.对该苯酚降解菌降解性能研究表明:该菌具有较强的降解能力,在32℃、pH 7左右、接种量1%时,摇床振荡速度120r/min的条件下,该菌株在48h内苯酚降解率可达81%以上.培养液中苯酚浓度在300mg/L、500mg/L时,该菌株的降解率比较明显.当苯酚浓度大于1000mg/L时,则元明显降解效果.结论:ZJ-1菌株对苯酚具有较强的降解能力,具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于城镇排污视角的水功能区纳污能力模型及其应用

水功能区纳污能力是区域水功能区限制纳污和责任考核管理的重要依据.为了适应目前以县为主体的水功能区水环境管理方式,本研究从水功能区城镇污染物允许排放量的视角研究水功能区纳污能力,建立水功能区城镇排污模型,并应用于泾河入渭段主要城镇礼泉县和泾阳县.结果表明: 礼泉县和泾阳县月允许排污量与河道流量密切相关,丰水期允许排污量高于枯水期.泾河礼泉段当年11月至来年3月水体COD浓度劣于该水功能区水质目标,应削减该时间段礼泉县排污口排污量.排污口排污流量的取值会影响河道水功能区纳污能力的计算结果,城镇排污模型利用相对稳定的排污口排污浓度计算排污口允许排污流量,得到的水功能区纳污能力更为合理.研究结果可为严格的水资源管理提供科学依据.     

Origins of polyploids: an example from peonies (Paeonia) and a model for angiosperms

The majority of tetraploid peonies are allopolyploids derived from crosses between phylogenetically distinct diploid lineages. Tetraploid Paeonia obovata was previously considered to be an autopolyploid because it is morphologically indistinguishable from the diploid of the same species. The presence of the Adh2 gene in tetraploid P. obovata but the inability to amplify the Adh2 gene from Chinese diploids of P. obovata, however, suggests that the tetraploid was not an autotetraploid derivative of the geographically adjacent diploid populations in China. The Adh gene phylogenies rather suggest that the tetraploid originated from crosses between two geographical races of diploid P. obovata distributed in China and Japan. The intermediate status of tetraploid P. obovata between auto‐ and allopolyploidy highlights the need for population genetic analyses of polyploid origins along the continuous range of genomic divergence. Here we present a model that describes the probabilities of polyploid formation and establishment as a function of genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. The probability of polyploid formation (P_f) is obtained from the multiplication of the probability of production of unreduced gametes (P_g) and the probability of ‘hybridization’ (P_h). P_f stays relatively stable when the genomic divergence is low, and then decreases progressively rapidly with the increase of genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. The probability of polyploid establishment (P_e), which depends on the rate of appearance of stable beneficial gene combinations and the rate of fertility restoration, is positively correlated with the genomic divergence of diploid parents. Multiplication of P_f and P_e gives an overall probability of polyploid origins (P_o) that varies continuously along the genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 82 , 561–571.     

绵萆薢三萜皂苷类成分研究

为了解绵萆薢(Dioscorea spongiosa)的化学成分,从其70%乙醇水溶液提取物中分离鉴定了8个化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据分析分别鉴定为:20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(1)、人参皂苷Rg1(2)、人参皂苷Re(3)、三七皂苷R1(4)、人参皂苷Rd(5)、人参皂苷Rb1(6)、常青藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(7)和木通皂苷D(8)。化合物1、2、3、5和6为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物7和8为首次从薯蓣属植物中分离得到。     

The first genetic linkage map of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Primulina eburnea</Emphasis> (Gesneriaceae) based on EST-derived SNP markers

Primulina eburnea is a promising candidate for domestication and floriculture, since it is easy to culture and has beautiful flowers. An F ₂ population of 189 individuals was established for the construction of first-generation linkage maps based on expressed sequence tags-derived single-nucleotide polymorphism markers using the massARRAY genotyping platform. Of the 232 screened markers, 215 were assigned to 18 LG according to the haploid number of chromosomes in the species. The linkage map spanned a total of 3774.7 cM with an average distance of 17.6 cM between adjacent markers. This linkage map provides a framework for identification of important genes in breeding programmes.     

Transgenic overexpression of BAFF regulates the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>

The B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily that specifically regulates B lymphocyte proliferation and survival. Excess BAFF leads to overproduction of antibodies for secretion, anti-dsDNA antibodies and a lupus-like syndrome in mice. To investigate whether transgenic overexpression of the zebrafish BAFF leads to immunoglobulin changes and/or early maturing of the immune system, a Tol2-GFP-2A-BAFF/His recombinant plasmid was constructed by inserting a 2A peptide between the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and BAFF sequences. Functional GFP and BAFF proteins were expressed separately and confirmed in HeLa cells. The relative expression of immune-related genes (IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgLC-3, IgD, IgM and IL-4), early lymphoid markers (Ikaros, Rag-1 and TCRAC), and the protooncogene Bcl-2 were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in F0 founder of transgenic zebrafish juveniles and adults. Ectopic expression of BAFF in adults was confirmed using Western blots and was shown to upregulate IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgD, IgM, IgZ/T, Ikaros, Rag-1, TCRAC, IL-4 and Bcl-2 expression in juveniles on day 21 and IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgD, IgM, IgZ/T, Rag-1, TCRAC and Bcl-2 expression in zebrafish three months postfertilization. The relative titers of specific IgM against Edwardsiella tarda WED were assessed using modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the whole body homogenate of zebrafish and demonstrated a significant increase in BAFF-transgenic group. Therefore, our findings provided novel insight into further exploration of modulating adaptive immunity and studying autoimmune diseases caused by regulating BAFF.     

黄毒蛾属五新种记述(鳞翅目:毒蛾科)

本文所记述的五个新种均是属黄毒蛾属(Euproctis)中的白色种类。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 1.暗黄毒蛾Euproctis gilva新种 雄蛾触角于浅黄色,栉齿暗棕色。下唇须浅黄色,上面混有暗棕色鳞片。头部浅黄色,触角附近白色。胸部浅黄色。腹部白色或白色微带浅黄色,端部几节带浅黄色或带暗黄色,肛毛簇暗黄色。胸部下面白色或白色带浅黄色,腹部下面从浅黄色至暗黄色逐渐加