Breeding-site productivity of the swamp forest mosquitoes Mansonia bonneae and Ma.dives in Sarawak, East Malaysia

Studies on larval population densities and adult emergence rates of the Brugian filariasis vectors Mansonia bonneae Edwards and Ma. dives Schiner were conducted in freshwater swamp forest bordering the Sadong River, Serian District, Sarawak, East Malaysia, during 1984-85. Three species of aquatic host-plants in the Family Araceae were identified as supporting immature stages of the Ma. bonneae/dives complex. Proportions of positive plants were 4.7%, 6.5% and 3.4% with 6.4 +/- 2.6, 7.3 +/- 2.8 and 10.1 +/- 1.1 larvae per positive plant, respectively, for the plant species Homalomena cordata Schott, H. rostrata Griffiths and Hydrostemma motleyi (Hook. f.) Mabberley. These data indicate no significant preferences between the three types of host-plant. Detailed monitoring of the host-plant H. cordata revealed no significant monthly fluctuations in larval density per plant nor the proportion of positive plants. 11.6% of larvae were Ma. dives and 88.4% were Ma. bonneae. Mean daily yields of Ma. bonneae/dives adults per square metre of H. cordata vegetated water surface were 0.45 males plus 0.57 females during the wet season (December-February) compared with 0.2 males plus 0.31 females during the dry season (June-August). Thus output of adults per plant was approximately halved, and suitable breeding areas were further reduced, during the dry season. By extrapolation from these rates, a crude mean estimate for productivity of Ma. bonneae/dives females is 1.6 million per hectare per annum in swamp forest habitats vegetated with any of the host-plants studied.     

黄河三角洲垦利县夏季土壤水盐空间变异及土壤盐分微域特征

黄河三角洲作为我国重要的后备土地资源区,土壤盐渍化问题突出,切实掌握季节性土壤水盐状况及其微域特征是该区土壤盐渍化防控和土地资源高效利用的重要基础。选择黄河三角洲垦利县,通过野外调查实测与室内化验分析获取土壤水盐含量数据,利用统计分析、GIS空间插值、实地观测与数据分析对比等方法,分析了研究区夏季土壤水盐状况及其微域变异规律。结果显示:研究区夏季土壤水盐含量总体较高,含盐量以中度盐渍化为主,随着土层深度的增加含盐量呈上升趋势,且各层土壤含盐量呈显著正相关性;含盐量较高的地区主要分布在该区东北部和中东部,含盐量较低的地区主要分布在西南部和中部;土壤含盐量从大到小的植被类型依次为光板地→碱蓬→高粱→芦苇→茅草→水稻→棉花→玉米;土壤盐分微域变化特征明显,含盐量受距路边远近、不同耕作措施、地形部位、植被群落等因素影响较大,表现出微域规律性和复杂性。该研究基本摸清了研究区夏季时相的土壤水盐状况及其微域特征,为黄河三角洲农作物栽培管理及土壤资源可持续利用提供了科学依据。     

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的环境友好型诱杀技术研究

2003年和2004年,在山东惠民采用杀虫灯、性诱剂、杨树枝把等措施开展了诱杀棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera成虫的防治试验.杀虫灯+10支性诱剂,杀虫灯+5支性诱剂+5支杨树枝把,杀虫灯+lO支杨树枝把,杀虫灯4种措施的日均诱蛾量分别为11.4、10.4、8.6和7.0头,性诱剂和杨树枝把均未显著提高对棉铃虫的诱杀效果.不同诱捕方案对棉铃虫累积诱蛾量随日期的变化符合Gompertz方程.普通灯和时控灯对棉铃虫的日均诱蛾量分别为19.9头和17.4头,二者差异不显著;时控灯对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的日均诱捕量均少于普通灯;减少开灯时间可在不显著降低棉铃虫诱杀量的同时,有效保护捕食性瓢虫.与普通灯相比,设置时间合理的时控灯(夜间19:00～23:00和3:00～5:00开灯)未显著降低棉铃虫的日均诱蛾量,而对异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫的日均诱捕量分别为2.0头和4.9头,均显著低于普通灯的3.7头和9.2头,合理设置开关灯控制模式可在不显著降低对棉铃虫诱杀效果的同时,降低近50%的天敌杀伤率,节约用电40%.     

Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic investigations of selenium-containing phycocyanin from selenium-rich algae ( Spirulina platensis )

The selenium-containing phycocyanin from the selenium-rich algae (Spirulina platensis) has been crystallized in two crystal forms by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion techniques. A chromatographic procedure of gel filtration and anion exchange was used for purification. Form I crystal with space group P2₁ and cell parameters a =108.0 ?, b= 117.0 ?, c = 184.0?, β= 90.2° and 12(αβ) units in the asymmetric unit was obtained by using (NH₄)₂SO₄ as precipitant. These crystals diffract up to 2.8 ?. Form II crystal obtained by using PEG4000 as precipitant belongs to space group P6₃ with unit cell constants a = 155.0 ?, c = 40.3 ?, γ =120.0° and one(αβ) unit in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract beyond 2.9 ?. The possible stacking forms of phycocyanin molecules in the first crystal form were discussed.     

中华绒螯蟹白化症、正常肝胰腺组织结构及脂肪酸组成的比较研究

采用气相色谱、组织学及电镜技术分别对中华绒螯蟹雄蟹白化症肝胰腺与正常肝胰腺脂类和脂肪酸组成、显微及超微结构进行了比较研究,结果表明：正常肝胰腺的总脂含量（31.54%肝胰腺湿重）显著高于白化症肝胰腺（19.07%肝胰腺湿重）,两种蟹肝胰腺的脂类组成没有显著差异,但脂肪酸组成存在一定的差异,白化症肝胰腺中C18∶1的含量显著高于正常肝胰腺,中性脂和极性脂HUFA正常蟹肝胰腺含量都高于白化症蟹,但没有显著差异。组织学结果和超微结构观察表明：白化症肝胰腺肝小管的上皮细胞壁结构紊乱,微绒毛及微绒毛黏膜大部分脱落,细胞内仅见有零星的线粒体、脂肪滴分布,R细胞呈现空泡化。     

0.21nm分辨率BO-(L-精氨酸)牛胰岛素晶体结构研究

应用差值Fourier技术,立体化学最小二乘技术和XPLOR程序并辅以电子密度图的人工拟合,以三方二锌猪胰岛素模型为起点,解析了0.21nm分辨率BO-(L-精氨酸)牛胰岛素的晶体结构,最终R因子为18.2%,与标准键长与键角的均方根偏差分别为0.0022nm和 4.3°.从电子密度图与模型的拟合来看,独立区两个分子中B链N端加长的L-精氨酸清晰可见.相对于三方二锌猪胰岛素分子,B链N端晶体学微环境发生了变化.     

AAS法测定陕产不同生长期女贞子中铁含量

目的:对陕西境内不同产地、不同生长期女贞子中Fe含量进行分析测定.方法:采收陕西境内关中3市(渭南、西安、宝鸡)与陕南2市(安康、汉中)10月产女贞子;并采收西安8、9、10、11和12月产女贞子,去杂质阴干,室温密闭贮藏.样品湿法消解以后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测其中的Fe含量,考察了干扰情况、方法的准确度和精密度.结果:本方法的检出限均小于0.3μg·mL-1,RSD≤2.46%,加样回收率在97.6～103.8%范围内.实际检测结果显示女贞子中铁含量较为丰富.结论:女贞子在不同产地、不同生长期铁含量不同,故在实际应用时应根据实际药用需要适时采集.     

哈密天山北路墓地出土颅骨的测量性状

本文是对出土于新疆哈密地区天山北路青铜时代墓地颅骨测量性状的研究。文中公布了24例天山北路墓地古代人群77项颅骨测量性状基本数据, 在此基础上, 对男、女两性的测量性状特点进行了统计分析, 并结合考古学文化研究和分子生物学研究的相关结论对实验结果进行了讨论和推论。主要研究结论如下: 一是该人群虽已经形成了具有自身特点的、共性的体质特征, 但人群内部也存在些许差异, 尤其是在男性个体数据之中。二是该人群是由分别具有东、西方体质特征的祖先人群混杂融合而成, 是处于当时大人种分布过渡地带的过渡人群。