全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24219篇 |
免费 | 2190篇 |
国内免费 | 3552篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 74篇 |
2023年 | 257篇 |
2022年 | 641篇 |
2021年 | 979篇 |
2020年 | 839篇 |
2019年 | 995篇 |
2018年 | 902篇 |
2017年 | 762篇 |
2016年 | 888篇 |
2015年 | 1386篇 |
2014年 | 1755篇 |
2013年 | 1885篇 |
2012年 | 2286篇 |
2011年 | 2121篇 |
2010年 | 1446篇 |
2009年 | 1300篇 |
2008年 | 1693篇 |
2007年 | 1432篇 |
2006年 | 1338篇 |
2005年 | 1097篇 |
2004年 | 1130篇 |
2003年 | 1022篇 |
2002年 | 949篇 |
2001年 | 473篇 |
2000年 | 337篇 |
1999年 | 266篇 |
1998年 | 236篇 |
1997年 | 152篇 |
1996年 | 151篇 |
1995年 | 144篇 |
1994年 | 106篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 76篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 44篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 48篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1965年 | 16篇 |
1958年 | 16篇 |
1957年 | 18篇 |
1956年 | 17篇 |
1955年 | 20篇 |
1954年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Mu-Chin Tzeng Ming Jhy Hseu Jun Hai Yang Richard John Guillory 《The protein journal》1986,5(3):221-228
Snake presynaptic toxins such as crotoxin, β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin block neuromuscular transmission through inhibiting the release of acetylcholine by their phospholipase A2 activities. On the other hand, many other phospholipase A2s show little neurotoxicity. It is likely that the difference lies in whether high affinity binding to nerve cell membranes exists or not. To test this idea, crotoxin, β-bungarotoxin and taipoxin were first radioactively labeled with Na(125I) without loss of their neurotoxicity. Using the radioactive toxins we have found that each of the three showed specific binding to synaptosomal membranes from guinea pig brain. In contrast, we could not detect specific binding of a non-neurotoxic pancreatic phospholipase A2. Crotoxin and taipoxin, but not β-bungarotoxin, also bound specifically to membrane preparation from other tissues. The binding of each toxin was not greatly affected by the other two toxins. The photoaffinity labeling technique has been used to obtain further information about the components which bind crotoxin. For this purpose, (125I) crotoxin was derivatized with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate. Autoradiographic analysis of the membranes following photoirradiation in the presence of the modified crotoxin revealed that an 85K dalton component was preferentially covalently conjugated with the crotoxin analogue in a specific manner. 相似文献
52.
53.
Terry Joe Sprinkle F. Arthur McMorris Jun Yoshino George H. De Vries 《Neurochemical research》1985,10(7):919-931
The relative levels of the central nervous system myelin marker enzyme 2:3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37, CNPase) were determined in neuroblastoma, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell cultures and in freshly isolated human lymphocytes and platelets. The highest specific activities were associated with the cells that elaborate myelin membrane in the central and peripheral nervous system, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, respectively. Antiserum to bovine CNPase recognized both CNP1 and CNP2 in CNS myelin and human oligodendroglioma. In addition, a 53,000 dalton protein was evident on autoradiographs of immunoblotted PNS myelin and human oligodendroglioma proteins. Cultured rat oligodendrocyte, C6 and mouse NA neuroblastoma CNPase appear to share common determinants with the corresponding normal rat CNS enzyme. 相似文献
54.
无论是自发的、病毒引起的或致癌物诱发的恶性转化的哺乳类细胞的体外培养,其形态多发生改变,总是变得近似圆形,边缘突起短而少,细胞致密和折光性强,同时失去生长接触抑制,降低细胞与细胞之间和细胞与生长底物之间的粘着性等特性。近年报道了关于短链脂肪酸如丁酸(或丁酸钠)对细胞能产生明显的影响,能抑制培养细胞的分裂,可诱发一些上皮性细胞产生形态的改变,可使转化的细胞 相似文献
55.
56.
曾子申;胡峻;利容千 《武汉植物学研究》1985,3(4):439-442
本文对我国栽培辣椒Capsicum annuum L.的四个品种即汉川椒、华椒一号、牛角椒和二金条进行了核型分析,其染色体数目均为2n=2x=24,核型公式均为2n=24=20m+2sm+2st,但汉川椒和华椒一号具一对随体,牛角椒和二金条具两对随体。本文还对它们的进化关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
57.
为避免内质网中未折叠蛋白质的过度累积,真核细胞能激活一系列信号通路来维持内质网稳态,这个过程称为内质网应激。在骨生长发育中,适宜的内质网应激有助于成骨细胞、破骨细胞和软骨细胞的生长,可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化。而过度的内质网应激会抑制成骨分化,严重的甚至导致骨质疏松、成骨不全等相关骨病的发生。内质网应激时可激活未折叠蛋白质反应,其主要是通过PERK/eIF2α/ATF4信号通路,上调转录激活因子4(ATF4)的表达。ATF4位于许多成骨分化调节因子的下游,是促进成骨分化的关键因子,在内质网应激对成骨分化的调节中发挥重要作用。在成骨分化过程中,适宜的内质网应激能通过激活PERK信号通路,诱导ATF4表达增加,进而上调骨钙素、骨涎蛋白等成骨所必需基因的表达,促进成骨分化。过度的内质网应激会激活ATF4/CHOP促凋亡途径,并导致Bax、胱天蛋白酶等凋亡信号分子的大量产生,进而导致细胞凋亡,抑制成骨分化。由于ATF4在ERS和成骨分化中的重要作用,ATF4在骨质疏松、成骨不全等骨相关疾病的治疗中具有重要意义。本文通过综述ATF4在内质网应激调控成骨分化中的作用机制,为相关骨性疾病治疗提供理论依据。 相似文献
58.
The fibrin-binding site of human plasminogen. Arginines 32 and 34 are essential for fibrin affinity of the kringle 1 domain 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kringle 1 (Tyr 79/Leu 80-His 167 and Tyr 79/Leu 80-Tyr 173), a chymotryptic fragment of human plasminogen that has high affinity for fibrin and omega-aminocarboxylic acids, has been subjected to modification with 1,2-cyclohexanedione to identify arginine residues essential for ligand binding. Reaction of 1,2-cyclohexanedione with kringle 1 was found to rapidly abolish the fibrin-Sepharose affinity of the fragment, whereas the affinity for lysine-Sepharose was lost at a significantly slower rate. Successive affinity chromatography of modified kringle 1 on fibrin- and lysine-Sepharose was used to separate kringle 1 that lost affinity for fibrin-, but retained affinity for lysine-Sepharose from kringle 1 that lost affinity for both affinants. The modified proteins were subjected to structural studies in order to locate the labeled arginine residues in kringle 1. These studies have revealed that modification of Arg 34 leads to the loss of both the fibrin- and lysine-Sepharose affinities of kringle 1, whereas reaction of Arg 32 abolishes fibrin affinity but leaves lysine-Sepharose affinity unaltered. The results suggest that Arg 32 and Arg 34 are both involved in fibrin binding and that Arg 34 is also involved in binding omega-aminocarboxylic acids. Previous NMR studies on kringles have indeed shown that the segment containing residue 34 is in the proximity of and interacts with the omega-aminocarboxylic acid-binding site. This interaction may explain the influence of omega-aminocarboxylic acids on fibrin binding by kringle 1. 相似文献
59.
前人已证明人参和三七中富含的达马烷型人参皂甙在通常酸性水解下甙元即发生变化,而在弱酸(如50%醋酸,0.1N盐酸)条件下则形成次级皂甙。本文报道人参甙(ginseno-sides)和三七甙(notoginsenosides)的水溶液在水浴上加热亦分别形成相应的C-20位去糖基的次级皂甙。联系到人参和三七均有在蒸煮加工后C-20位去糖基皂甙收率增大的趋势,似可认为人参和三七中的这类皂甙有相当一部分是在生药的加工泡制以及提取过程中形成的次级皂甙,而不一定是植物体的原生成分。将人参甙Rb_1单体以酸水解,不仅得到主产物人参二醇(3),还分离到异去氢原人参二醇(5)、达马烷-20(22)-烯-3β,12β,26-三醇(6)、20(R)-达马烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇(7)以及20(S)-和20(R)-原人参二醇(1、2)的混合物,从而认为这些微量成分与人参二醇一样均为达马烷型人参皂甙在酸性水解条件下C-20位糖基断裂后由真甙元的侧链转化形成的工作产物。 相似文献
60.
Sadaaki Iwanaga Takashi Morita Toshiyuki Miyata Takanori Nakamura Jun Aketagawa 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1986,5(4):255-268
A hemocyte lysate from horseshoe crab produced a gel, when exposed to Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins. This gelation reaction of the lysate, so-called Limulus test, has been widely employed as a simple and very sensitive assay method for endotoxins. Recent biochemical studies on the principle of Limulus test indicate that the hemocytes contain several serine protease zymogens, which constitute a coagulation cascade triggered by endotoxins, and that there is a (1 3)--d-glucan-mediated coagulation pathway which also results in the formation of gel. Up to now, six protein components, designated coagulogen, proclotting enzyme, factor B, factor C, factor G and anti-LPS factor, all of which are closely associated with the endotoxin-mediated coagulation pathway, have been purified and biochemically characterized. Among these components, the complete amino acid sequences of coagulogens isolated from one American and three Asian species of horseshoe crabs have been established. Moreover, the reconstitution experiment using the isolated clotting factors, C, B, proclotting enzyme and coagulogen in the presence of endotoxin, leads to the formation of coagulin get. Based on these results, we propose here a mechanism for the Limulus coagulation cascade. 相似文献