全文获取类型
收费全文 | 172篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 5篇 |
2011年 | 2篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 5篇 |
1956年 | 4篇 |
1955年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
1953年 | 4篇 |
1952年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 2篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
1949年 | 3篇 |
1948年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有182条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
81.
Sonja Melman Ellen NC Schoorel Carmen Dirksen Anneke Kwee Luc Smits Froukje de Boer Madelaine Jonkers Mallory D Woiski Ben Willem J Mol Johannes PR Doornbos Harry Visser Anjoke JM Huisjes Martina M Porath Friso MC Delemarre Simone MI Kuppens Robert Aardenburg Ivo MA Van Dooren Francis PJM Vrouenraets Frans TH Lim Gunilla Kleiverda Paulien CM van der Salm Karin de Boer Marko J Sikkema Jan G Nijhuis Rosella PMG Hermens Hubertina CJ Scheepers 《Implementation science : IS》2013,8(1):1-8
Background
Caesarean section (CS) rates are rising worldwide. In the Netherlands, the most significant rise is observed in healthy women with a singleton in vertex position between 37 and 42 weeks gestation, whereas it is doubtful whether an improved outcome for the mother or her child was obtained. It can be hypothesized that evidence-based guidelines on CS are not implemented sufficiently. Therefore, the present study has the following objectives: to develop quality indicators on the decision to perform a CS based on key recommendations from national and international guidelines; to use the quality indicators in order to gain insight into actual adherence of Dutch gynaecologists to guideline recommendations on the performance of a CS; to explore barriers and facilitators that have a direct effect on guideline application regarding CS; and to develop, execute, and evaluate a strategy in order to reduce the CS incidence for a similar neonatal outcome (based on the information gathered in the second and third objectives).Methods
An independent expert panel of Dutch gynaecologists and midwives will develop a set of quality indicators on the decision to perform a CS. These indicators will be used to measure current care in 20 hospitals with a population of 1,000 women who delivered by CS, and a random selection of 1,000 women who delivered vaginally in the same period. Furthermore, by interviewing healthcare professionals and patients, the barriers and facilitators that may influence the decision to perform a CS will be measured. Based on the results, a tailor-made implementation strategy will be developed and tested in a controlled before-and-after study in 12 hospitals (six intervention, six control hospitals) with regard to effectiveness, experiences, and costs.Discussion
This study will offer insight into the current CS care and into the hindering and facilitating factors influencing obstetrical policy on CS. Furthermore, it will allow definition of patient categories or situations in which a tailor-made implementation strategy will most likely be meaningful and cost effective, without negatively affecting the outcome for mother and child.Trial registration
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01261676 相似文献82.
Lonneke Smeding Jan Willem Kuiper Frans B Pl?tz Martin CJ Kneyber AB Johan Groeneveld 《Respiratory research》2013,14(1):92
Background
Mechanical ventilation (MV) may cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and may thereby contribute to fatal multiple organ failure. We tested the hypothesis that injurious MV of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pre-injured lungs induces myocardial inflammation and further dysfunction ex vivo, through calcium (Ca2+)-dependent mechanism.Materials and methods
N = 35 male anesthetized and paralyzed male Wistar rats were randomized to intratracheal instillation of 2 mg/kg LPS or nothing and subsequent MV with lung-protective settings (low tidal volume (Vt) of 6 mL/kg and 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)) or injurious ventilation (high Vt of 19 mL/kg and 1 cmH2O PEEP) for 4 hours. Myocardial function ex vivo was evaluated in a Langendorff setup and Ca2+ exposure. Key mediators were determined in lung and heart at the mRNA level.Results
Instillation of LPS and high Vt MV impaired gas exchange and, particularly when combined, increased pulmonary wet/dry ratio; heat shock protein (HSP)70 mRNA expression also increased by the interaction between LPS and high Vt MV. For the heart, C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 mRNA expression increased, and ventricular (LV) systolic pressure, LV developed pressure, LV +dP/dtmax and contractile responses to increasing Ca2+ exposure ex vivo decreased by LPS. High Vt ventilation aggravated the effects of LPS on myocardial inflammation and dysfunction but not on Ca2+ responses.Conclusions
Injurious MV by high Vt aggravates the effects of intratracheal instillation of LPS on myocardial dysfunction, possibly through enhancing myocardial inflammation via pulmonary release of HSP70 stimulating cardiac TLR2, not involving Ca2+ handling and sensitivity. 相似文献83.
The capacity of peatlands in the northern hemisphere to provide carbon storage, maintain water quality and support northern biodiversity is threatened by a combination of climate change and inappropriate land management. Historical drainage and increasing temperatures threaten the maintenance of the high water tables required for effective peatland functioning, and there is an urgent need to develop appropriate adaptation strategies. Here we use a large‐scale replicated experimental design to test the effects of artificial drainage and drain blocking upon soil moisture and cranefly (Diptera: Tipulidae) abundance. Craneflies constitute a key component of peatland biological communities; they are important herbivores and a major prey item for breeding birds. However, they are also susceptible to drought, so are at risk from future climate change. We found that cranefly abundance increased with soil moisture, in a wedge‐shaped relationship; high soil moisture is a necessary condition for high cranefly abundance. Blocking drains increased both soil moisture (by 0.06 m3 m?3 in 2009 and 0.23 m3 m?3 in 2010) and cranefly abundance (1.3‐fold in 2009, 4.5‐fold in 2010), but the strength and significance of the effects varied between years. The benefits of restoring ecosystem moisture levels are likely to be greatest during dry years and at dry sites. This study provides some of the first evidence that adaptation management can potentially reduce some of the negative effects of climate change on vulnerable peatland systems. Management to maintain or increase soil moisture in peatlands can therefore be expected to increase populations of craneflies and their avian predators (which are of conservation and economic interest), but also increase the resilience of the ecosystem to future warming and increasingly frequent droughts, and improve carbon storage and water quality. 相似文献
84.
85.
CJ Cooksey 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2017,92(5):309-314
The history of chemical investigations into the yellow components of turmeric can be traced from 1815. Although the major yellow component of turmeric, curcumin, often is represented as a 1,3-diketone in the solid state and in nonaqueous solution, it exists in the enol form. The struggle to identify the chemical structure of curcumin continued for nearly a century and was complicated by the difficult purification of curcumin and by the presence of two additional yellow components. Food remains the main use for turmeric (old spice); its use as a dye has diminished since the 19th century, but it may have pharmaceutical uses (new spice). 相似文献
86.
Nitrogen Partitioning During Early Development of Supernodulating Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) Mutants and their Wild-Type Parent 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
HANSEN ALEXANDER P.; PEOPLES MARK B.; BROWN PATRICK H.; CARROLL BERNARD J.; GRESSHOFF PETER M. 《Journal of experimental botany》1990,41(10):1239-1244
The relative importance of fixed N2, cotyledonary N, and nitratefor growth of seedlings of soybean cv. Bragg and two of itsnitrate tolerant supernodulating (nts) mutants (intermediatents 1116 and extreme nts1007) was investigated during symbioticdevelopment in the presence of nitrate (3.0 mol m3) using15N techniques. Newly-fixed N2 and nitrate were both major sourcesof N for nodule development and nitrate principally supportedearly shoot and root growth in Bragg. In the nts mutants, however,all plant parts and nodules in particular, relied more on Nstored in the cotyledons. This resulted in later nodule maturityand a period of prolonged N-starvation for the seedlings ofthe extreme supernodulator, and could be responsible for theirsubsequently lowered biomass accumulation compared to the parentcultivar. Key words: Nodules, N partitioning, supernodulating soybeans 相似文献
87.
MG Mullender NA Blom M De Kleuver JM Fock WMGC Hitters AMC Horemans CJ Kalkman JEH Pruijs RR Timmer PJ Titarsolej NC Van Haasteren Tol-de MJ Van Jager AJ Van Vught BJ Van Royen 《Scoliosis》2008,3(1):1-14
Background
Children with neuromuscular disorders with a progressive muscle weakness such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy frequently develop a progressive scoliosis. A severe scoliosis compromises respiratory function and makes sitting more difficult. Spinal surgery is considered the primary treatment option for correcting severe scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders. Surgery in this population requires a multidisciplinary approach, careful planning, dedicated surgical procedures, and specialized after care.Methods
The guideline is based on scientific evidence and expert opinions. A multidisciplinary working group representing experts from all relevant specialties performed the research. A literature search was conducted to collect scientific evidence in answer to specific questions posed by the working group. Literature was classified according to the level of evidence.Results
For most aspects of the treatment scientific evidence is scarce and only low level cohort studies were found. Nevertheless, a high degree of consensus was reached about the management of patients with scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders. This was translated into a set of recommendations, which are now officially accepted as a general guideline in the Netherlands.Conclusion
In order to optimize the treatment for scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders a Dutch guideline has been composed. This evidence-based, multidisciplinary guideline addresses conservative treatment, the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative care of scoliosis in neuromuscular disorders. 相似文献88.
Anni 2.0 is an online tool () to aid the biomedical researcher with a broad range of information needs. Anni provides an ontology-based interface to MEDLINE
and retrieves documents and associations for several classes of biomedical concepts, including genes, drugs and diseases,
with established text-mining technology. In this article we illustrate Anni's usability by applying the tool to two use cases:
interpretation of a set of differentially expressed genes, and literature-based knowledge discovery. 相似文献
89.
M Lundervold EJ Milner-Gulland CJ O'Callaghan C Hamblin A Corteyn AP Macmillan 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2004,45(4):211-224
The results of a serological survey of livestock in Kazakhstan, carried out in 1997–1998, are reported. Serum samples from
958 animals (cattle, sheep and goats) were tested for antibodies to foot and mouth disease (FMD), bluetongue (BT), epizootic
haemorrhagic disease (EHD), rinderpest (RP) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viruses, and to Brucella spp. We also investigated the vaccination status of livestock and related this to changes in veterinary provision since independence
in 1991. For the 2 diseases under official surveillance (FMD and brucellosis) our results were similar to official data, although
we found significantly higher brucellosis levels in 2 districts and widespread ignorance about FMD vaccination status. The
seroprevalence for BT virus was 23%, and seropositive animals were widespread suggesting endemicity, despite the disease not
having being previously reported. We found a few seropositives for EHDV and PPRV, which may suggest that these diseases are
also present in Kazakhstan. An hierarchical model showed that seroprevalence to FMD and BT viruses were clustered at the farm/village
level, rather than at a larger spatial scale. This was unexpected for FMD, which is subject to vaccination policies which
vary at the raion (county) level. 相似文献
90.