生物催化法合成6-氰基-（3R，5R）-二羟基己酸叔丁酯

利用E.coli BL21／pCDFDuet-gdh—cr-X共表达全细胞催化6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯不对称还原合成6-氰基-（3R,5R）-二羟基已酸叔丁酯。结果表明：在菌体用量4．85g/L、葡萄糖与底物质量浓度比为1：1、温度28℃、pH7．0条件下,80．0g／L6-氰基-（5R）-羟基-3-羰基己酸叔丁酯生物还原2h后,底物转化率可达99．0％,产物d.e．值大于99．5％。在考察范围内,NADP^＋用量对催化效率无显著作用。     

食品级惰性粉对三种储藏物害虫生长发育的影响

应用粉剂药膜法,一种食品级惰性粉——4号粉相应剂量处理赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)、烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis(Linnaeus)的卵和1龄幼虫,赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、烟草甲的卵平均孵化率均在97%以上,处理后卵孵化的1龄幼虫平均死亡率均在96%以上;处理3种害虫的1龄幼虫其平均死亡率均在99%以上。结果表明食品级惰性粉对3种试虫卵的孵化率几乎没有影响,但对其1龄幼虫有较好的防治效果。通过混粮法应用正交试验研究发现,惰性粉剂量和小麦含水量对赤拟谷盗F1代防治效果均有显著影响。当小麦处于安全水分时(含水量12%¹4%),10014%),100¹50 mg/kg 4号粉能有效防治赤拟谷盗F1代。     

Midday stomatal conductance is more related to stem rather than leaf water status in subtropical deciduous and evergreen broadleaf trees

Midday depressions in stomatal conductance (g_s) and photosynthesis are common in plants. The aim of this study was to understand the hydraulic determinants of midday g_s, the coordination between leaf and stem hydraulics and whether regulation of midday g_s differed between deciduous and evergreen broadleaf tree species in a subtropical cloud forest of Southwest (SW) China. We investigated leaf and stem hydraulics, midday leaf and stem water potentials, as well as midday g_s of co‐occurring deciduous and evergreen tree species. Midday g_s was correlated positively with midday stem water potential across both groups of species, but not with midday leaf water potential. Species with higher stem hydraulic conductivity and greater daily reliance on stem hydraulic capacitance were able to maintain higher stem water potential and higher g_s at midday. Deciduous species exhibited significantly higher stem hydraulic conductivity, greater reliance on stem capacitance, higher stem water potential and g_s at midday than evergreen species. Our results suggest that midday g_s is more associated with midday stem than with leaf water status, and that the functional significance of stomatal regulation in these broadleaf tree species is probably for preventing stem xylem dysfunction.     

Cloning,characterization and expression of \emph{OsFMO}_{{\mathbf{(}\emph{t}\mathbf{)}}} in rice encoding a flavin monooxygenase

Flavin monooxygenases (FMO) play a key role in tryptophan (Trp)-dependent indole-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in plants and regulate plant growth and development. In this study, the full-length genomic DNA and cDNA of OsFMO _(t), a FMO gene that was originally identified from a rolled-leaf mutant in rice, was isolated and cloned from wild type of the rolled-leaf mutant. OsFMO _(t) was found to have four exons and three introns, and encode a protein with 422 amino acid residues that contains two basic conserved motifs, with a ‘G×G××G’ characteristic structure. OsFMO_(t) showed high amino acid sequence identity with FMO proteins from other plants, in particular with YUCCA from Arabidopsis, FLOOZY from Petunia, and OsYUCCA1 from rice. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that OsFMO_(t) and the homologous FMO proteins belong to the same clade in the evolutionary tree. Overexpression of OsFMO _(t) in transformed rice calli produced IAA-excessive phenotypes that showed browning and lethal effects when exogenous auxins such as naphthylacetic acid (NAA) were added to the medium. These results suggested that the OsFMO_(t) protein is involved in IAA biosynthesis in rice and its overexpression could lead to the malformation of calli. Spatio-temporal expression analysis using RT-PCR and histochemical analysis for GUS activity revealed that expression of OsFMO _(t) was totally absent in the rolled-leaf mutant. However, in the wild type variety, this gene was expressed at different levels temporally and spatially, with the highest expression observed in tissues with fast growth and cell division such as shoot apexes, tender leaves and root tips. Our results demonstrated that IAA biosynthesis regulated by OsFMO _(t) is likely localized and might play an essential role in shaping local IAA concentrations which, in turn, is critical for regulating normal growth and development in rice.     

密码子优化提高aiiaB546毕赤酵母表达活性

N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶是一类特异性降解N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯类信号分子(AHLs)的蛋白水解酶,通过水解AHLs生成酰基高丝氨酸,使AHLs失去活性,从而阻断病原菌的群体感应路径,使病原菌失去致病能力,其广泛存在于多种微生物中[1,2]。近年来N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶作为一种新型抗菌策略(群体感应淬灭策略)的工具酶而成为水产养殖防治细菌性疾病研究的热点[3—5]。     

旱生蕨类植物金毛裸蕨配子体发育及其生态意义

采用光学显微镜对旱生金毛裸蕨(Gymnopteris vestita)配子体发育的全过程进行了观察。结果显示,(1)旱生金毛裸蕨孢子三裂缝,成熟时黄褐色,接种后10～15d萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型。原叶体母细胞首先形成单列的丝状体,其后配子体发育明显区别于非旱生的蕨类,金毛裸蕨配子体发育最明显的特征是形成大量的分枝,通常单列的丝状体基部细胞可通过细胞纵分裂形成丝状分枝,这些分枝又可进一步产生新的分枝,分枝的末端可形成片状体,这些片状体又可产生分枝丝状体或片状体,最终整个配子体可发育为群丛。有时,单列的丝状体也可直接发育为片状体,然而这些片状体并不发育为原叶体而是产生大量的丝状分枝。当群丛形成时,在丝状体或片状体表面可产生数量较多的精子器,但在人工培养条件下并没有发现颈卵器。如果培养条件适宜,配子体可进行营养繁殖,持续较长时间,老的片状体上可产生新的丝状体。金毛裸蕨位于群丛外的大型心形原叶体可进行无配子生殖产生孢子体。金毛裸蕨的配子体发育特征,包括多分枝、发达的营养繁殖及无配子生殖现象的发生,表明了金毛裸蕨配子体群丛的形成是对于旱生环境的一种适应性。     

石参总黄酮对一氧化氮致大鼠胰岛细胞损伤的保护作用

采用硝普钠为NO供体,造成大鼠胰岛β细胞RIN-m的损伤,通过检测细胞活力、细胞内丙二醛(MAD)含量、总谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,探讨石参总黄酮的保护作用和机制。结果显示,石参总黄酮能明显提高损伤细胞的活力,降低细胞内MDA的含量、提高总GSH含量和SOD活力,表明石参总黄酮对NO所致RIN-m细胞的损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与提高细胞内GSH含量与SOD活力有关。     

广州市风水林群落空间异质性及其对区域物种多样性的贡献

以广州地区村边风水林为研究对象,选取了67个风水林斑块,并在每个斑块内建立了一个20m×20m的样方,调查了其胸径大于1cm的植物组成。首先以种面积关系外推法和非参数法估计了风水林群落对区域生物多样性的贡献;然后以加法准则拆分了gamma多样性,以分析风水林群落物种组成的异质性;最后根据每个风水林群落的物种丰富度、稀有种(在所有群落中只出现一次的物种)数目和谱系多样性分析了在保护中需要优先考虑的区域。结果发现：（1）广州地区风水林群落至少保存了32.74%的区域物种多样性;（2）gamma多样性(184)中绝大部分由beta多样性(163.43)构建,只有很小部分来自于alpha多样性(20.57)。这表明风水林群落在物种组成上具有较高的空间异质性,要想尽可能多地保护风水林内物种多样性,就需要尽可能多地保护风水林群落斑块;（3）相对于平原地区,位于山区的风水林群落具有更高的物种丰富度和谱系多样性以及更多的稀有种数目。在保护资金和土地资源有限的情况下,位于山区的风水林群落应该给予优先考虑。     

SD大鼠主要脏器间的相关性分析

目的测定成年SD大鼠体重与各脏器重量,并对不同脏器之间及体重与各脏器重量的相关性进行分析。方法选用三月龄SD大鼠雄性共24只,进行人道处死,解剖后分别测定心、肝、肺、肾等脏器重量,并作相关性分析。结果 SD大鼠的心、肝、肺、脾、肾与胃空体的相关性分析中,SD大鼠的心脏及肝脏重量之间不相关(P>0.05),且分别与其他各脏器及胃空体之间也无明显相关(P>0.05);而脾脏的重量与肾脏重量之间则相关极为显著(P<0.01);胃空体与肺、脾呈现极显著相关(P<0.01),与肾脏呈显著相关(P<0.05)。结论通过解剖比较SD大鼠各脏器之间的关系,对动物体内各脏器的大小及相互关系有了初步的认知,为今后进行的动物相关实验研究打下基础。