热激蛋白70研究进展

热激蛋白70（HSP70）是广泛存在且高度保守的蛋白,作为伴侣分子能够促进蛋白折叠;HSP70可以通过阻止细胞色素c从线粒体释放,与凋亡诱导因子结合使其不能入核,或者抑制JNK激酶活性调节细胞凋亡;HSP70可以调节细胞周期进程,促进细胞生长,阻止细胞衰老;免疫功能研究表明HSP70是有效的免疫佐剂,可激发抗原特异性的CTL反应,同时细胞外HSP70和膜结合HSP70可激发非特异性免疫反应。     

奶牛γ干扰素基因的高效表达及活性测定

经刀豆素(conA)刺激诱导奶牛外周血淋巴细胞,应用RT-PCR方法从其总RNA中对奶牛γ干扰素基因cDNA进行扩增,然后将特异性片段连接到pMD18-T载体,测序结果表明,与已知序列同源性为100%.然后将特异性片段连在pRLC载体上进行表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,原核表达产物为16kDa的重组蛋白,占菌体总蛋白的42%,表达产物以包涵体形式存在.经7mol/L盐酸胍的变性液溶解及0.5mol/L盐酸胍复性液处理,表达产物进行脱盐、凝胶层析纯化,细胞病变抑制法结果表明,重组牛IFN-γ具有较高的干扰素活性,约为6.0×105U/mg.     

植物抗寒及其基因表达研究进展

植物经过逐渐降低的温度从而提高抗寒能力 ,这个过程被人们称为低温驯化。植物低温驯化过程是一个复杂的生理、生化和能量代谢变化过程 ,这些变化主要包括膜系统的稳定性、可溶性蛋白的积累和小分子渗透物质 ,比如脯氨酸、糖等 ,这些变化中的一些是植物抗寒必需的 ,而另外一些变化不是必需的。主要对冷害和低温生理生化变化、低温诱导表达基因的功能和作用、低温驯化的调节机制及其信号转导方面进行了综述。通过差别筛选 c DNA文库的方法已经鉴定了许多低温诱导表达、进而提高植物抗寒能力的基因 ,其中有脱水素、COR基因和 CBF1转录因子等。低温信号的感受、转导和调节表达是低温驯化的关键环节 ,低温信号的转导过程与干旱胁迫之间具有一定的交叉 ,这为利用 ABA等来提高植物抗寒能力成为可能 ,相信不久的将来人们可以通过提高植物抗寒能力从而增加经济产量成为现实。     

苹果一个锌指蛋白基因的cDNA克隆及其表达特性分析

采集了处于营养生长向生殖行长转化期(6~8月)的红玉苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.)茎顶,构建了其cDNA文库,并从中分离得到了一个具有锌指结构的EST序列,又通过5`RACE的方法,从cDNA文库中找到了其上游779bp的cDNA片段.最后用PCR的方法获得了苹果锌指蛋白的全长cDNA,并命为MdZF1.该cDNA序列已在GenBank登录,登录号为AB116545.MdZF1的锌指结构域与玉米的开花转换基因ID1有高度同源性.通过对苹果不同组织、器官的Northem和RT-PCR分析表明MdZF1在根、茎、叶、顶芽以及花器官(萼片、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊)中都有表达.Southern分析表明MdZF1的基因组中是以单拷贝存在的.     

鸡γ干扰素成熟蛋白基因的表达及其产物抗病毒活性测定

以血淋巴细胞提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR的方法克隆出鸡干扰素成熟蛋白的基因,把它与非融合表达载体pRLC相重组。通过对阳性宿主菌的不同时间的诱导摸索出最佳表达时间。把表达产物进行变性,复性,纯化后加入鸡胚成纤维细胞上,用水疱性口炎病毒进行攻毒,测出鸡重组干扰素的活性单位为1.0?06U/mL,获得了满意结果。     

Low-Dose Prospectively Electrocardiogram-Gated Axial Dual-Source CT Angiography in Patients with Pulsatile Bilateral Bidirectional Glenn Shunt: An Alternative Noninvasive Method for Postoperative Morphological Estimation

Objective

To explore the clinical value of low-dose prospectively electrocardiogram-gated axial dual-source CT angiography (low-dose PGA scanning, CTA) in patients with pulsatile bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunt (bBDG) as an alternative noninvasive method for postoperative morphological estimation.

Methods

Twenty patients with pulsatile bBDG (mean age 4.2±1.6 years) underwent both low-dose PGA scanning and conventional cardiac angiography (CCA) for the morphological changes. The morphological evaluation included the anatomy of superior vena cava (SVC) and pulmonary artery (PA), the anastomotic location, thrombosis, aorto-pulmonary collateral circulation, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, etc. Objective and subjective image quality was assessed. Bland–Altman analysis and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation on measurements between CTA and CCA. Effective radiation dose of both modalities was calculated.

Results

The CT attenuation value of bilateral SVC and PA was higher than 300 HU. The average subjective image quality score was 4.05±0.69. The morphology of bilateral SVC and PA was displayed completely and intuitively by CTA images. There were 24 SVC above PA and 15 SVC beside PA. Thrombosis was found in 1 patient. Collateral vessels were detected in 13 patients. No pulmonary arteriovenous malformation was found in our study. A strong correlation (R²>0.8, P<0.001) was observed between the measurements on CTA images and on CCA images. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a systematic overestimation of the measurements by CTA (the mean value of bias>0).The mean effective dose of CTA and CCA was 0.50±0.17 mSv and 4.85±1.34 mSv respectively.

Conclusion

CT angiography with a low-dose PGA scanning is an accurate and reliable noninvasive examination in the assessment of morphological changes in patients with pulsatile bBDG.     

Changes in Levels of Endogenous Plant Hormones During Floret Development in Wheat Genotypes of Different Spike Sizes

The levels of endogenous plant hormones regulate floret development and degeneration, and thus grain set in flower crops. This study was undertaken to characterize the changes of endogenous hormone levels during floret development in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes: “97J1" with the highest grain set and fertile florets per spike, “H8679" with the lowest grain set and fertile florets per spike, and a medium, “YM158". The results showed that the peak level of ABA appeared between stamen and pistil differentiation and antherlobe formation of floret development, and the timing delayed with the size of spike (earliest in “H8679” and latest in “97J1”). From antherlobe formation to meiosis, the levels of ABA and GA1+3decreased sharply in the ears of “97J1”, while in the ears of “H8679” there was only a slight decrease in ABA, and even an increase in GA1+3. The ratio of isopentenyladenosine (iPA)/ABA and IAA/ABA in the ears of “97J1” increased sharply from antherlobe formation to meiosis, but changed only slightly in the ears of “H8679”. At antherlobe formation, IAA and GA1+3 levels were higher in the ears of “97J1”, but lower in the ears of “H8679”than in the leaves. At meiosis, ABA, GA1+3 and IAA levels in the “97J1” ears were much lower than in the leaves, but similar in “H8679”. These results indicated that the sharp decreases of ABA and GA1+3 in ears from antherlobe formation to meiosis and the lowest maintenance at meiosis may be favorable for development of fertile florets and enhancement of grain set in wheat.     

柯氏鼠兔的食性分析

柯氏鼠兔(Ochotona koslowi)是兔形目(Lagomorpha)鼠兔属中最古老的遗留种,也是稀有的濒危物种,自1894年命名以来,国内外对该物种的生存现状、生物学特征知之甚少.2007年10~11月,在藏北地区捕获到13只柯氏鼠兔,通过显微组织分析法对其胃及结肠内容物和收集的60份粪样进行了食性分析.结果表明,柯氏鼠兔胃、结肠内容物和粪便中镜检到可识别植物碎片属6科15种,其中豆科植物碎片占可识别植物碎片的39.44%,藜科植物碎片占36.00%,莎草科植物碎片占16.42%,禾本科、十字花科和菊科植物碎片分别占3.75%、2.67%和1.25%.食性分析表明,柯氏鼠兔偏爱豆科植物.     

土壤放线菌FX05发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

以高氏1号培养基为基础,通过单因素分析和正交试验,对土壤放线菌FX05最佳培养基扣最优培养条件进行了研究。结果表明：适宜FX05产抑绿脓杆菌活性物质的发酵培养基配方为玉米粉1％、NaNO30．3％、K2HPO40．075％、MgS040．075％,发酵条件为初始pH为7．0,培养温度为28℃,培养96h产抑菌物质迭最大值。     

极端暴雨下山地丘陵区小流域洪水淹没强度对景观特征的响应——以河南“7·20”暴雨为例

通过分析郑州7·20暴雨事件中贾峪河山地丘陵区小流域的洪水过程,探究景观特征对洪水淹没强度影响的时空分布规律,并提出增强流域洪水韧性的规划建议,以缓解河南省山区所面临的社会经济发展、生态环境改善等问题。基于高分6号遥感数据、先进陆地观测卫星(ALOS,Advance Land Observing Satellite)相控阵L频段合成孔径雷达(PALSAR)的地表高程数据和小时降雨量数据,利用MIKE 21水动力模型构建贾峪河流域二维水文模型,分析其2021年7月20日0-24时期上、中、下游的洪水淹没深度和面积,并结合双变量空间自相关模型方法,探究洪水淹没强度与各景观组成和地形因素在时间和空间上的相关性的差异以及其空间聚类类型。研究表明:(1)贾峪河流域淹没面积在0-6时快速增长,于18时达到最大9.59km²,此时各区域淹没面积占比从大到小依次为下游18.88%、上游8.25%、中游12.03%,淹没深度在3m以上的面积占36.11%。(2)地形因素(平均Moran''s I=0.159)对洪水强度的影响大于土地类型(平均Moran''s I=0.096),主要影响因子相对高程、地形湿度指数、矿坑面积百分比、水体面积百分比、建设用地面积百分比、耕地面积百分比以及林地和草地面积百分比与洪水淹没强度之间的相关性随时间变化呈增大趋势,均在暴雨中后期18-24时达到最强。(3)交互探测结果表明,多因子叠加会增强各景观特征对洪水淹没强度的影响。上游影响洪水淹没强度的主要驱动力为矿坑和相对高程,中游和下游的主要影响为水体和地形湿度指数。(4)洪水淹没强度24时的平均值与景观特征指数之间的"高-高"和"高-低"地区的面积占比约0.47%-9.85%,主要分布在上游的中部山区和北部河道周围、中游的河道两侧和下游的河道以及常庄水库周边地区。研究结论建议在上游露天矿坑就地改造为蓄水池并恢复植被,中游和下游应提升河岸带绿地质量,增加下游城区绿色基础设施,减轻城市洪水风险。