Small and Dim Target Detection via Lateral Inhibition Filtering and Artificial Bee Colony Based Selective Visual Attention

This paper proposed a novel bionic selective visual attention mechanism to quickly select regions that contain salient objects to reduce calculations. Firstly, lateral inhibition filtering, inspired by the limulus’ ommateum, is applied to filter low-frequency noises. After the filtering operation, we use Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm based selective visual attention mechanism to obtain the interested object to carry through the following recognition operation. In order to eliminate the camera motion influence, this paper adopted ABC algorithm, a new optimization method inspired by swarm intelligence, to calculate the motion salience map to integrate with conventional visual attention. To prove the feasibility and effectiveness of our method, several experiments were conducted. First the filtering results of lateral inhibition filter were shown to illustrate its noise reducing effect, then we applied the ABC algorithm to obtain the motion features of the image sequence. The ABC algorithm is proved to be more robust and effective through the comparison between ABC algorithm and popular Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Except for the above results, we also compared the classic visual attention mechanism and our ABC algorithm based visual attention mechanism, and the experimental results of which further verified the effectiveness of our method.     

不同植皮方式修复大面积烧伤创面的临床效果分析

目的:比较邮票植皮、meek植皮以及自体微粒皮移植用于大面积烧伤患者创面修复的临床效果和可行性。方法:回顾性分析我院烧伤科收治的120例大面积烧伤患者的临床资料,根据不同的手术植皮方法分为微粒皮植皮组、Meek植皮组和邮票皮组,每组40例。三组患者入院后均给予常规基础治疗,再根据选择植皮方式的不同实施微粒皮植皮、Meek植皮和邮票皮植皮。对比三组患者的植皮成活率、创面一期愈合率、愈合时间、死亡率、1%烧伤面积(1%TBSA)治疗费用(元)以及康复效果(康复优良率)。结果:邮票皮组植皮成活率明显高于Meek植皮组(P0.05),Meek植皮组植皮成活率明显高于微粒皮植皮组(P0.05)。Meek植皮组和邮票皮组创面愈合时间均明显短于微粒皮植皮组(P0.05)。邮票皮组1%TBSA治疗费用明显低于Meek植皮组(P0.05),Meek植皮组1%TBSA治疗费用明显低于微粒皮植皮组(P0.05)。Meek植皮组和邮票皮组的创面一期愈合率均明显高于微粒皮植皮组(P0.05);Meek植皮组和邮票皮组的死亡率均明显低于微粒皮植皮组(P0.05);meek植皮组的瘢痕最轻,关节功能恢复最好;微粒皮植皮组瘢痕最重,关节功能恢复最差。结论:不同植皮方式用于大面积烧伤创面修复的临床效果各不相同。邮票皮成活率高、抗感染能力强,但扩张比例低,创面愈合效果差;meek皮扩张比例高、康复效果好,但抗感染能力差;微粒皮扩张比例最高,但成活率低,治疗成本高。临床上,应该根据患者的自身情况选择不同的植皮方式。     

人血清白蛋白-干扰素α2b融合蛋白在CHO细胞中的表达

干扰素α2b(interferonα2b,IFNα2b)是一种用于病毒性疾病和肿瘤性疾病治疗的多功能细胞因子,因其在体内的半衰期短限制了其在临床上的应用。将IFNα2b连接到人血清白蛋白(human serum albumin,HSA)的C端,构建融合蛋白HSA-IFNα2b。构建含融合蛋白的真核表达质粒p MH3/HSA-IFNa2b,经电转的方法转入中国仓鼠卵巢(Chinese hamster ovary,CHO)细胞中。经G418抗性压力筛选和目的蛋白的表达量筛选,最终获得一株高表达的稳定细胞株(CHO/p MH3/HSA-IFNa2b)。表达的目的蛋白经Western blot验证显示,产物具有IFNα2b和HSA的双抗原性。经悬浮驯化稳定后,通过批次筛选得到一株稳定的高克隆表达株,产量约为65mg/L,进一步选取高表达克隆株在悬浮驯化中不同代数进行批次培养,不同代数之间蛋白质的表达量和生长情况没有明显的差异,获得一株稳定遗传表达的单克隆细胞株,3L摇瓶的流加培养结果显示,最佳发酵时间为15天,蛋白质表达量为121mg/L。经离心获得的发酵液,经两步纯化后获得蛋白质纯度高达96.8%的目的蛋白,总回收率为22.3%。参照《中国药典》2015版对IFNα2b的检测方法,结果显示,CHO表达的HSA-IFNα2b比活性为4.16×106IU/mg。首次将HSA-IFNα2b在哺乳动物细胞CHO中构建表达,表达获得高活性的HSA-IFNα2b融合蛋白。     

Variation of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Major Constraints in East Central Asia

Variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its major constraints in large spatial scale are critical for estimating global SOC inventory and projecting its future at environmental changes. By analyzing SOC and its environment at 210 sites in uncultivated land along a 3020km latitudinal transect in East Central Asia, we examined the effect of environmental factors on the dynamics of SOC. We found that SOC changes dramatically with the difference as high as 5 times in north China and 17 times in Mongolia. Regardless, C:N remains consistent about 12. Path analysis indicated that temperature is the dominant factor in the variation of SOC with a direct effect much higher than the indirect one, the former breaks SOC down the year round while the latter results in its growth mainly via precipitation in the winter half year. Precipitation helps accumulate SOC, a large part of the effect, however, is taken via temperature. NH₄⁺-N and topography also affect SOC, their roles are played primarily via climatic factors. pH correlates significantly with SOC, the effect, however, is taken only in the winter months, contributing to the decay of SOC primarily via temperature. These factors explained as much as 79% of SOC variations, especially in the summer months, representing the major constraints on the SOC stock. Soil texture gets increasingly fine southward, it does not, however, constitute an apparent factor. Our results suggested that recent global warming should have been adversely affecting SOC stock in the mid-latitude as temperature dominates other factors as the constraint.     

濒危植物羽叶丁香种子休眠与萌发特性研究

以濒危植物羽叶丁香(Syringa pinnatifolia)种子为材料,通过形态观察、种子吸水规律测定及其种子水浸液对白菜种子发芽率的影响等几个方面探究了羽叶丁香种子的基本休眠机制。通过室内发芽试验探究了不同浸种温度和赤霉素(GA3)浓度对羽叶丁香种子萌发特性的影响,并且模拟了不同温度和光照条件对种子萌发特性的影响。结果显示,羽叶丁香种子随温度升高吸水速率加快,最终吸水率在96%~121%之间,表明种子吸水性良好,不具有物理休眠特性;种子内部含有水溶性萌发抑制物,具有化学休眠特性,可通过控制浸种时间解除萌发抑制物的限制;30°C是羽叶丁香种子最好的浸种温度,发芽率和发芽势分别达到了86.00%±4.00%和54.00%±8.71%,发芽指数为5.44±0.44;浸种处理后的种子放在15和25°C恒温无光照条件下测试所得的发芽指标最好,发芽起始时间最短,回归分析结果显示光照是影响发芽率最显著的生态因子;GA3处理并没有显著提高种子发芽率和发芽势,但高浓度(400~800 mg·L-1)GA3处理能够加快胚的生长速率,缩短萌发持续时间,说明羽叶丁香种子具有部分形态休眠特性。     

绿僵菌及其与dsRNA混合使用对褐飞虱的防治效果

褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stl是我国重要的迁飞性水稻害虫,本文研究了金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae及其与dsRNA混合使用对褐飞虱的防治效果。绿僵菌悬浮液1.6×108孢子/m L至8×106孢子/m L对褐飞虱2龄、4龄和成虫进行喷药,发现1.6×107孢子/m L对各个虫态虫龄均有良好致死效果,并且成虫和4龄若虫均好于2龄若虫。在交配行为上来看,绿僵菌处理过的褐飞虱成虫活跃度非常低,从配对开始一直到交配结束的各个阶段都受到明显影响,处理组3 h的交配率只有3.70%,而对照组的交配率为24.44%。还把褐飞虱几丁质合成酶基因A的dsRNA与绿僵菌混合使用防治褐飞虱2龄和4龄若虫,结果表明0.5μg/μL ds CHSA与绿僵菌混合使用的防治效果最好,2龄若虫的死亡率为89.63%,4龄若虫的死亡率达到93.94%。而0.2μg/μL ds CHSA与绿僵菌的混合,对2龄和4龄若虫的致死率为65.56%-76.52%。研究结果为褐飞虱的生物防治提供了新的思路。     

野鸦椿种子内源抑制物活性初探

以野鸦椿(Euscaphis japonica)种壳和胚为材料,甲醇浸提得到种壳浸提液和胚浸提液,配制浸提液浓度梯度为原浸提液浓度的10%、20%、30%、40%,研究不同浓度的种壳和胚浸提液对白菜、小麦、绿豆种子底物酶活性、发芽率、幼苗根长和苗高的影响,萃取和分离种壳和胚甲醇浸提液中的内源抑制物质,探讨野鸦椿种子内源抑制物质的活性与成分。结果表明:随着种壳和胚浸提液浓度的增加,白菜种子酸性磷酸酶活性和发芽率均显著降低(P0.05),表现为抑制作用递增,种壳的抑制作用小于胚,而幼苗的根长和苗高则表现为低促高抑,在10%浸提液处理下根长和苗高达最大值,种壳的促进效果弱于胚;小麦种子淀粉酶活性及幼苗的根长和苗高递减(P0.05),表现为抑制作用递增,而发芽率则在浓度≤20%时差异不明显(P0.05),浓度为30%时显著降低(P0.05),40%时发芽率为0,种壳的抑制作用大于胚;绿豆种子蛋白酶活性、发芽率、幼苗根长和苗高均在浸提液浓度≥20%时显著下降(P0.05),且种壳的作用效果小于胚。种子内源抑制物萃取及分离表明,外壳中含酚酸类较胚多,含碱类较胚少。综上认为,野鸦椿种壳和胚中均含有较高活性的内源抑制物,但性质、成分及含量存在差异,外壳内源抑制物主要作用对象为淀粉类物质,胚乳内源抑制物主要作用于油脂类和蛋白类物质。     

氧化鱼油对草鱼肠道黏膜抗氧化应激通路基因表达水平的影响

为了探讨氧化鱼油对草鱼肠道黏膜损伤后, 参与抗氧化应激的基因通路及其通路基因表达活性的变化,以草鱼为试验对象, 灌喂氧化鱼油7d后, 采集肠道黏膜组织并提取总RNA, 采用RNA-seq方法, 进行了氧化鱼油组和正常鱼油组草鱼肠道黏膜基因注释、IPA基因通路分析和基因表达活性差异分析。结果显示, 组织切片观察发现氧化鱼油导致草鱼肠道黏膜出现严重的损伤; 肠道黏膜中具有较为完整的Keap1-Nrf2-ARE基因调控通路。肠道黏膜在受到氧化鱼油的氧化损伤作用后, 激活了细胞的抗氧化损伤保护机制, 使NRF2介导的氧化应激反应通路基因差异表达显著性地上调, 并导致了下游的GSH/GSTs通路基因差异表达显著性上调, 促进了GSH的生物合成和GSTs的抗氧化作用; 导致Keap1-Nrf2-ARE信号通路下游的热休克蛋白和泛素-蛋白酶体通路基因差异表达显著性上调, 清除受损伤蛋白质, 保护细胞结构完整性。研究表明, 上述三类抗氧化应激通路构成了对肠道黏膜损伤细胞、损伤蛋白质的降解系统和清除系统, 显示其对肠道黏膜组织和黏膜细胞的保护、修复发挥了重要的作用。     

饲料氧化鱼油对草鱼肝胰脏结构和功能的损伤

为了探讨饲料氧化鱼油对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肝胰脏组织结构及其功能的影响, 研究以豆油、鱼油及氧化鱼油作为饲料脂肪源, 分别设计鱼油组(6F)、豆油组(6S)、2%氧化鱼油(4S2OF)、4%氧化鱼油(2S4OF)及6%氧化鱼油(6OF)5组等氮、等能的半纯化饲料, 在池塘网箱中养殖72d。结果显示: 氧化鱼油显著增加草鱼血清ALB、GLB、MDA和GSH含量(P0.05), 显著降低肝胰脏GSH和SOD含量(P0.05); 氧化鱼油会显著增加草鱼肝胰脏指数及肝胰脏脂肪含量(P0.05), 且草鱼血清TG含量显著上升(P0.05), HDL/LDL显著下降(P0.05); 氧化鱼油使血清及肝胰脏TC含量显著增加(P0.05), 血清TBA显著下降(P0.05), 肝胰脏TBA显著上升(P0.05); 氧化鱼油会引起草鱼脂肪肝, 损伤肝胰脏细胞线粒体, 并导致肝胰脏细胞纤维化和组织萎缩。结果表明: 饲料添加氧化鱼油会引起草鱼氧化应激, 并降低草鱼肝胰脏抗氧化能力; 扰乱草鱼肝胰脏脂肪代谢, 引起脂肪肝; 影响胆汁酸肝肠循环, 使胆汁酸在肝胰脏中堆积, 并损伤肝胰脏细胞线粒体, 最终增加草鱼肝胰脏脂肪性肝炎发生率。