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131.
132.
McSorley SJ Ehst BD Yu Y Gewirtz AT 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2002,169(7):3914-3919
Flagellin is secreted by many enteric bacteria and, upon reaching the basolateral membrane of the intestinal epithelium, activates Toll-like receptor 5-mediated innate immune signaling pathways. We hypothesized that any flagellin that gets beyond the epithelium might also regulate cells of the adaptive immune system. Here we demonstrate that the clonal expansion of naive DO11.10 CD4 T cells in response to OVA peptide (323-339) was enhanced 3- to 10-fold in the presence of purified bacterial flagellin in vivo. OVA-specific CD4 T cells were also shown to have undergone more cell division in vivo if flagellin was coinjected with OVA. Flagellin administration increased the expression of B7-1 on splenic dendritic cells, and coinjection of CTLA4-Ig, which is known to block B7 function in vivo, completely ablated the adjuvant effect on CD4 T cells. Therefore, a conserved bacterial protein produced by many intestinal microbes can modulate CD4 T cell activation in vivo. Such an adjuvant effect for flagellin has important implications for vaccine development and the generation of CD4 T cell responses to enteric bacteria. 相似文献
133.
小麦和无融合生殖披碱草杂交后代(BC2F2)的无融合生殖及胚胎发育过程中的异常现象研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对小麦(Triticum aestivum)和无融合生殖披碱草(Elymus rectisetus)的染色体数目为42的杂种后代(BC2F2)单株进行了RAPD检测和胚胎学研究,RAPD检测结果表明:染色体数目为42条的BC2F2单株的遗传组成与普通小麦的遗传组成十分接近,但是在部分单株中出现了披碱草的特异带。由此可以推测,经过回交和自交后小麦草的部分染色体片段已经整合进了小麦的染色体。在部分BC2F2单株胚胎学切片中发现了较高比例的(5%左右)双孢原、早发胚以及多胚囊等无融合生殖现象,直接表明了无融合生殖基因转移。由于基因整合的多样性。无融合生殖基因在有些单株中并没有充分表达,从而造成了某些单株胚胎发育的异常。 相似文献
134.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits osteoprotegerin gene expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fu M Zhang J Lin Yg Yg Zhu X Willson TM Chen YE 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2002,294(3):597-601
Increasing evidence indicates an important role of PPAR gamma activation in modulating the development and progression of atherosclerosis, however, the mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood since the PPAR gamma-regulated genes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are poorly defined. Here we reported that PPAR gamma ligands, GW7845, ciglitazone and troglitazone had the effect of inhibiting osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). The effect of GW7845 and ciglitazone on OPG expression was completely abolished by GW9662, a PPAR gamma antagonist. Overexpression of PPAR gamma in HASMC by the infection of a PPAR gamma adenovirus dramatically decreased OPG expression. In addition, PPAR gamma activation inhibited OPG promoter activity. Taken together, our data suggest that OPG expression is a novel PPAR gamma target gene in VSMC and downregulation of OPG expression by PPAR gamma activation provides a new insight into the understanding of the role of PPAR gamma in atheroscelrosis and hypertension. 相似文献
135.
A novel approach to hyperbranched polymers is presented in this work. Hyperbranched polyesters with a large amount of terminal hydroxyl groups are prepared by a one-pot synthesis from commercially available AB-type and CD(n)-type monomers (n >/= 2). In this paper, Michael addition of diethanolamine (CD(2)) or N-methyl-d-glucamine (CD(5)) to methyl acrylate (AB) generates dominantly AD(n)-type intermediates. Further self-condensation of intermediates at higher temperature and in the presence of catalyst gives hyperbranched polyesters. Because of the tertiary amino groups in the backbone and the hydroxyl groups in the linear and terminal units, the resulting hyperbranched polyester is highly soluble in water. Furthermore, the hyperbranched polymer is degradable because of its ester units. So, the water-soluble hyperbranched polyesters might be applied as a novel material for drug delivery. 相似文献
136.
Renal aquaporins and sodium transporters with special focus on urinary tract obstruction 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Frøkiaer J Li C Shi Y Jensen A Praetorius H Hansen H Topcu O Sardeli C Wang W Kwon TH Nielsen S 《APMIS. Supplementum》2003,(109):71-79
The discovery of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) by Agre and colleagues explained the long-standing biophysical question of how water specifically crosses biological membranes. These studies led to the discovery and identification of a whole new family of membrane proteins, the aquaporins. At present, at least seven aquaporins are expressed at distinct sites in the kidney and 4 members of this family (AQP1-4) have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the physiology and pathophysiology for renal regulation of body water balance. Osmotic equilibration via renal aquaporins is maintained by active transport of NaCl. The major sodium transporters and channels in the individual renal tubule segments have been identified and the regulation of these transporters and channels are fundamental for renal sodium reabsorption and for establishing the driving force. In this mini-review the role of renal aquaporins and sodium transporters and channels is briefly described and their key role for the impaired urinary concentrating capacity in response to urinary tract obstruction is reviewed. Thus this review updates previous detailed reviews (1-5). 相似文献
137.
Cai Y Benno Y Takeda A Yoshida T Itaya T Nakase T 《The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology》1998,44(2):153-159
Thirty-six isolates of Leuconostoc spp. were isolated from yellow spots that occurred on the surface of vacuum-packaged ham. All isolates were Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci that produced gas from glucose and formed more than 90% of their lactate as D(-) isomer. These isolates could grow at 4 degrees C but not above 30 degrees C and most strains produced yellow spots on the ham. The isolates were divided into three groups by sugar fermentation patterns. Representative strains from three groups showed intergroup DNA homology values of above 88.8%, showing that these groups were composed of a single species. This organism was positioned at a separate branch in the genus Leuconostoc on the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA sequences, which was assigned to Leuconostoc gelidum on the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness. 相似文献
138.
139.
论述了如何改进腺病毒载体以提高其有效性和安全性.腺病毒载体是将基因转移到体内多种不同细胞的有效运载工具.第一代腺病毒载体已证明在基因治疗中有很好的前途, 虽然它在有效性和安全性方面还存在不足之处,但这些局限正在被逐步克服. 相似文献
140.
补肾益气活血方对胎儿宫内生长迟缓胎盘组织一氧化氮合酶活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了探讨补肾益气活血方对胎儿宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)胎盘组织一氧化氮(NO)生成的影响,本文对正常孕妇、IUGR患者及补肾益气活血中药治疗后患者各12例,采用NADPH黄递酶法研究了一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在胎盘组织的分布,应用化学发光法测定胎盘组织NOS活性。结果表明:正常孕妇胎盘绒毛合体滋养层细胞NOS呈强阳性反应,绒毛干血管壁呈阳性反应,终末绒毛毛细血管壁呈阴性反应;IUGR患者绒毛合体滋养层细胞和绒毛干血管壁NOS染色明显变浅,而终末绒毛毛细血管壁呈阳性反应;中药治疗后合体滋养层细胞和绒毛干血管壁NOS染色明显加深。NOS活性测定中药组较IUGR未治疗组显著增高,与正常孕妇相比其差异无显著性。结果提示:NO参与IUGR的病理生理过程,补肾益气活血方通过增强NOS活性促进胎盘组织NO的产生 相似文献