固醇类激素对酶结构和机能的调节

固醇类激素调节生命过程的确切方式是目前许多工作者所探索的问题。除这类生物调节剂的重要生理功能外,它们还能剧烈地改变某些疾病过程的表现,由于这些事实,近年来有关这方面的研究是加强了。由于固醇类激素有如此广大的生理作用,似乎有理由提出,它们可能是广泛作用于酶功能的。事实上,固醇类激素可以通过调节酶存在的量,或者通过控制酶活性来影响某些酶系统的。在各实例中,总要提出:到底固醇类激素是如何影响酶系统而发生这些改变的这个根本性问题。激素在细胞水平的作用大概取决于多种生物学因素,例如(1)酶存在部位激素的供应情况(取     

用乙烯作褪绿处理引起的柑桔蒂腐病及其防治

在美国佛罗里达州,由蒂腐色二孢菌(Diplodia natalensis)引起的蒂腐病是以乙烯作柑桔采后催熟处理时的主要病害之一。为了弄清发病原因,本试验做了各种乙烯浓度下果实腐烂率、真菌生长率的观察对比;对催熟前、后采用杀真菌剂处理的效果也做了比较。     

癌基因产物的第一张肖象

以California大学Berkeley分校Sung-Hou Kim研究组为主发表的文章,被视作为癌基因作用研究上的一个里程碑。Kim及其同事报道了有关ras癌基因家族中的一个成员所编码的一种蛋白质的三维结构。“这是第一个被确定了结构的癌基因蛋白质”,Kim说,“由此提供了认识ras基因生物功能的结构基础”。     

免疫健全鼠和免疫缺陷鼠对致死性汉坦病毒感染不同的敏感性与抵抗力

本文研究了不同鼠龄的免疫健全(mu/ )和先天性T细胞缺陷(nu/nu)CD—1鼠对致死性汉坦病毒脑膜脑炎的敏感性与抵抗力。nu/ 鼠对致死性感染的敏感性取决于鼠龄。生后一周鼠脑内接种汉坦病毒76一118株,死亡率为100%;接种9日龄鼠,死亡率60%;接种14～42日龄鼠则不发病死亡。接种的nu/ 鼠,5和7日龄比生后24小时鼠死亡发生时间明显提前。同龄组nu/nu鼠在鼠龄与生存时间之间无类似的逆相关。然而,14日龄或更大龄的鼠尽管发病和死亡的时间延长,但仍是敏感的。接种的7日龄nu/ 鼠和7、9、14日龄nu/nu鼠的脑内病毒滴度近乎一样。较大龄鼠尽管病毒滴度峰值相对较低,但似乎不受中和抗体反应的影响。接种的一周龄nu/ 鼠比接种的新生鼠死得快,断奶nu/ 鼠与nu/nu鼠对汉坦病毒脑膜脑炎的抵抗力不同,这表明细胞免疫对疾病的发展与恢复起作用。     

二分抑或三分—关于二叠纪地质年表

一、前言自从六十年代以来,由于齿菊石类化石在华南、苏联及伊朗各自的卓勒法地区、伊朗的阿巴德地区、日本北上山地、苏联远东地区及墨西哥考会拉地区的不断发现,致使在二叠系上部分出一个以含齿菊石类为特征的上统的意见日趋强烈。迄今,世界上尚未发现一条完整的,包     

Diurnal Rhythmicity in the Pattern of mRNAs in the Leaves of Sinapis alba

Previous studies have shown that certain specific leaf mRNAs exhibit a diurnal rhythmicity in their quantity in higher plants. To determine whether this situation is restricted to a few mRNAs, or affects a large number, we have used in vitro translation and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to analyze the mRNA complement in leaves of Sinapis alba at different times during an 8-hour/16-hour day/night cycle. A method for the visual analysis of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also developed. This method selected, at each sampling time, spots that were significant. It then selected, between two sampling times, intensity changes that were significant at the 0.02 confidence level. During a day/night cycle, complex rhythmic changes affected about 10% of the mRNAs. Nineteen different rhythm patterns were found. These 19 patterns fell into four main classes: mRNAs that increase during the light period and decrease during the dark, mRNAs that increase and then decrease during the light period, mRNAs that decrease during the light period and increase during the dark period, and mRNAs that increase and then decrease during the dark period.     

Potassium stimulation of corn root plasmalemma ATPase : I. Hydrolytic activity of native vesicles and purified enzyme

Potassium stimulation of the plasmalemma (Zea mays L. var Mona) was studied by using a constant ionic strength to prevent indirect stimulation by the electrostatic effect of K⁺ salts. The transmembrane electrochemical H⁺ gradient was eliminated by using gramicidin. In these conditions, K⁺ stimulation was attributable to a direct effect of the cation on plasmalemma proteins. We used both native vesicles isolated on a sucrose cushion, and solubilized and purified ATPase from phase-partitioned plasmalemma, according to the method of T. Nagao, W. Sasakawa, and T. Sugiyama ([1987] Plant Cell Physiol 28: 1181-1186). The purified enzyme had a high specific activity (15 micromoles per minute per milligram protein), but was only about 20% stimulated by K⁺. In both preparations, potassium (in the range around 1 millimolar) specifically decreased two-fold the vanadate inhibition constant, and increased the maximum rate of ATP hydrolysis. In plasmalemma vesicles, the Eadie-Scatchard graph of the K⁺-dependent ATPase activity as a function of K⁺ concentration was linear only at constant ionic strength. The purified ATPase preparation appeared as two closely spaced bands in the 100 kilodalton region with isoelectric point about 6.5. Nevertheless, this biochemical heterogeneity seems unlikely to be related to K⁺ stimulation, since K⁺ modified neither the pH optimum of the activity (pH 6.5) nor the monophasic kinetics of the vanadate inhibition, in both native plasmalemma and purified enzyme preparation.     

转基因动物研究现状

导言 1980年Gordon等人将疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因和SV40早期基因启动子重组到质粒pBR322中,再由显微注射植入小鼠受精卵原核,获得第一只转基因小鼠。原理上任何克隆基因都能永久并入哺乳动物胚胎基因组。显微注射后,外源DNA整合进细胞,随后繁衍成种系。因此通过选育能永久建立携带一个或多个新基因的动物谱系。“转基因”(Transgenic)一词应运而生。在此之前,Jaenisch(1976)观察到逆转录病毒(又称逆病毒)感染小鼠胚胎,使单个前病毒DNA插入小鼠染色体DNA。而后含异源基因的重组感染性逆病毒系统的发展导致了用     

用三种不同方法生产的BT(库斯塔克变种)制剂及其对家蚕的毒力

一前言在微生物杀虫剂中,苏芸金杆菌是最成功的商品制剂。活孢子和足量的σ-內毒素是该产品主要的毒素成分。众所周知,产品的毒力是根据菌株(不同菌株及同一菌株的不同株系)、培养基和生长条件的不同而异(Dulmage and Rhodes,1971)。但是,使用相同菌株在体外和体内条件下的培养物所进行的毒性比较尚未见报道。最近,我们用苏芸金杆菌(简称