Sphingosine kinase regulates the sensitivity of Dictyostelium discoideum cells to the anticancer drug cisplatin

The drug cisplatin is widely used to treat a number of tumor types. However, resistance to the drug, which remains poorly understood, limits its usefulness. Previous work using Dictyostelium discoideum as a model for studying drug resistance showed that mutants lacking sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) lyase, the enzyme that degrades S-1-P, had increased resistance to cisplatin, whereas mutants overexpressing the enzyme were more sensitive to the drug. S-1-P is synthesized from sphingosine and ATP by the enzyme sphingosine kinase. We have identified two sphingosine kinase genes in D. discoideum--sgkA and sgkB--that are homologous to those of other species. The biochemical properties of the SgkA and SgkB enzymes suggest that they are the equivalent of the human Sphk1 and Sphk2 enzymes, respectively. Disruption of the kinases by homologous recombination (both single and double mutants) or overexpression of the sgkA gene resulted in altered growth rates and altered response to cisplatin. The null mutants showed increased sensitivity to cisplatin, whereas mutants overexpressing the sphingosine kinase resulted in increased resistance compared to the parental cells. The results indicate that both the SgkA and the SgkB enzymes function in regulating cisplatin sensitivity. The increase in sensitivity of the sphingosine kinase-null mutants was reversed by the addition of S-1-P, and the increased resistance of the sphingosine kinase overexpressor mutant was reversed by the inhibitor N,N-dimethylsphingosine. Parallel changes in sensitivity of the null mutants are seen with the platinum-based drug carboplatin but not with doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and etoposide. This pattern of specificity is similar to that observed with the S-1-P lyase mutants and should be useful in designing therapeutic schemes involving more than one drug. This study identifies the sphingosine kinases as new drug targets for modulating the sensitivity to platinum-based drugs.     

角蛋白HGTP及其对羊毛发育的影响

羊毛的主要成分是角蛋白,其组分高甘氨酸-酪氨酸蛋白(HGTP)家族成员KAP6、KAP7和KAP8基因表达对羊毛细度和弯曲等特性具有重要影响。本文从羊毛的组成、角蛋白的生物学特征以及HGTP基因定位和表达对细度的影响等方面进行了综述,旨在为羊毛发育调控研究提供理论参考。     

大鼠脑缺血-再灌注前后血浆TXB2及6-Keto-PGF1α含量的变化

目的:本实验旨在揭示脑缺血-再灌注损伤前后大鼠血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)及6-酮前列腺环素F1(6-Keto-PGF1α)的动态变化.方法:制作脑缺血-再灌注大鼠模型,45只健康SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和假手术组大鼠.在术后1天、3天、5天和7天分别观察大鼠血浆TXB2和6-Keto-PGF1α含量.结果:线栓大脑中动脉后造成脑缺血,血浆TXB2含量和TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值明显高于假手术组和正常对照组(p＜0.05或0.01),在缺血第1天最显著.结论:脑缺血-再灌注损伤后,血浆TXB2和TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α的变化规律可为临床缺血性脑损伤治疗提供重要参考.     

银杏牛蒡混合发酵食品对小鼠衰老指标的影响

目的：研究一种以银杏叶、牛蒡提取物为主成分的发酵食品(GBF)对小鼠衰老指标的影响。方法：以D-半乳糖造衰老模型,以每只每天0．5ml剂量的GBF对小鼠灌胃,以不喂GBF的衰老模型小鼠为对照,以正常饲养的小鼠为空白对照(CK),42d后研究其对衰老相关指标组织单胺氧化酶、丙二醛含量、羟脯氨酸含量和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响。结果：喂食GBF的小鼠肝,脑组织中单胺氧化酶的活性比对照降低了36．7%和25．1%,丙二醛含量比对照降低了19%和44．6%。差异达到统计学显著水平(p＜0．05);而皮肤组织中羟脯氨酸含量和巨噬细胞吞噬活性分别高于对照28．6%和63．2%,显著高于对照(p＜0．05)。结论：GBF具有显著抗衰老活性。     

黄芪甲苷促进心肌干细胞分化的作用研究

目的 探讨黄芪甲苷对心肌干细胞分化的促进作用。方法 采用磁珠分选法,分离小鼠Sca-1＋心肌干细胞,通过免疫组化方法观察黄芪甲甙处理后心肌细胞表面标志蛋白desmin、α-sarcomeric？actin和C-TnT表达的变化,以判断是否对心肌干细胞分化有促进作用。结果 250 mg/L的黄芪甲甙诱导4周后免疫组化染色显示心肌干细胞明显表达desmin、α-sarcomeric actin和C-TnT。而未诱导的细胞desmin、α-sarcomeric actin、C-TnT 均为阴性。因此黄芪甲甙可以促进小鼠Sca-1＋心肌干细胞分化为心肌样细胞,这些细胞表达心肌特异性的蛋白。结论 黄芪甲苷对心肌干细胞分化的促进作用表明其在心肌损伤性疾病的康复中有潜在的治疗价值,值得进一步研究。     

大孔树脂提取链霉菌4903菌株除草活性物质的研究

化感活性物质的提取方法是研究化感作用的重要步骤,对化感链霉菌4903的前期研究证明其具有抑菌及除草活性。本文选用了4种大孔吸附树脂(X-5, NKA-II, AB-8和HP-20)对化感链霉菌4903发酵液的除草活性物质进行提取。实验结果显示:树脂AB-8对链霉菌4903菌株发酵液除草活性成分具有较好的吸附性能和较易被解吸的特性,树脂AB-8对链霉菌4903菌株发酵液的静态吸附量约可达到树脂体积的7倍。用树脂2-3倍体积的80%乙醇溶液则可以把吸附的除草活性物质全部从树脂中解吸出来。AB-8适合用于链霉菌4903菌株发酵液除草活性物质的提取和纯化。     

Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells

Much of the work conducted on adult stem cells has focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the bone marrow stroma. Adipose tissue, like bone marrow, is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and contains a stroma that is easily isolated. Preliminary studies have recently identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose stromal compartment. This cell population, termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and, like MSCs, differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches. PLA cells expressed multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs. Mesodermal lineage induction of PLA cells and clones resulted in the expression of multiple lineage-specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, biochemical analysis also confirmed lineage-specific activity. In addition to mesodermal capacity, PLA cells and clones differentiated into putative neurogenic cells, exhibiting a neuronal-like morphology and expressing several proteins consistent with the neuronal phenotype. Finally, PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.     

用RAPD技术鉴定小麦属间不对称体细胞杂种

用随机引物扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对三种不同组合:小麦(Triticum aestivum)( )簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa);小麦( )羊草(Leymus chinensis)和小麦( )高冰草(Agropyron elongatum)的属间不对称杂种进行分子鉴定,不同杂种植株的基因组经随机引物扩增后,均出现双亲的多态特异产物,证实它们含有双亲的基因组。将引物OPJ-12扩增的高冰草多态特异产物(分子量为0.77bp的DNA片段)分离纯化并标记作探针,用Southern杂交证明了小麦( )高冰草杂种经OPJ-12扩增的0.77kbp特异片段与高冰草这一片段具有同源性。本文结果证明,RAPD技术可作为小麦属间不对称体细胞杂种的一种快速、简便、有效的分子鉴定方法。     

Aβ42转基因AD果蝇的构建及在药物筛选中的运用

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）是一种以β-淀粉样蛋白的形成和沉积为主要特征的神经退行性疾病,Aβ42被认为在AD的发病过程中起着重要的作用。果蝇是一种遗传操作简便的模式动物,利用果蝇中经典的Gal4／UAS系统,作者构建了在中枢神经系统中全神经元或运动神经元表达单拷贝或双拷贝AB42的转基因AD果蝇,并检验转基因果蝇在AD治疗药物筛选中的作用。结果显示,转基因AD果蝇寿命明显缩短且运动能力降低,而使用AD临床治疗药物安理申后,可延长AD果蝇寿命,改善AID果蝇的运动障碍。进一步的研究显示,δ阿片受体拮抗剂naltrindole给药后,也能缓解这些症状。该研究为AD治疗药物的初筛提供了一个经济便捷的工具。