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131.
We have examined the number of X-linked loci specifically required only during oogenesis. Complementation analyses among female-sterile (fs) mutations obtained in two mutagenesis screens--GANS' and MOHLER's--indicate that any fs locus represented by two or more mutant alleles in GANS' collection are usually present in MOHLER's collection. However, when a locus is represented by a single allele in one collection, it is generally not present in the other collection. We propose that this discrepancy is due to the fact that most "fs loci" represented by less than two mutant alleles are, in fact, vital (zygotic lethal) genes, and that the fs alleles are hypomorphic mutations of such genes. In support of this hypothesis we have identified lethal alleles at 12 of these "fs loci." The present analysis has possibly identified all maternal-effect lethal loci detectable by mutations on the X chromosome and has allowed us to reevaluate the number of "ovary-specific fs" loci in the Drosophila genome. Finally, germline clone analysis of a large number of fs mutations was performed in order to estimate the relative contribution of germline and somatic cell derivatives to oogenesis and to embryonic development. All the maternal-effect lethal loci tested are germline-dependent. 相似文献
132.
Genetic analysis of cystic fibrosis: linkage of DNA and classical markers in multiplex families 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
A M Bowcock J Crandall L Daneshvar G M Lee B Young V Zunzunegui C Craik L L Cavalli-Sforza M C King 《American journal of human genetics》1986,39(6):699-706
Linkage of cystic fibrosis (CF) to DNA and classical markers was studied in 36 families of two or three generations with at least two living affected children. Among the 79 affected children, no recombinants were detected between the disease and the markers MET and pJ3.11, previously shown to be linked to CF. No linkage between the human trypsin gene family (which appears to include at least 10 members) and CF was found, although not all genes of the trypsin family have been screened yet. In one of the CF families, recombination between MET and pJ3.11 was detected in an unaffected sib. Data from our families suggest that the gene order of markers among chromosome 7q is: (7cen;p8.33)collagen(COL1A2);DOCR1-917;paraoxonase+ ++(PON);(MET-cf-J3.11);T-cell receptor beta chain (TCRB);qter. There was no evidence for (or against) either postzygotic selection or meiotic drive to explain the high frequency of CF in Caucasian populations. 相似文献
133.
By increasing the LiCl concentration to 5 g/liter and adding 20 mg of moxalactam per liter to modified McBride agar base, it was possible to inhibit the growth of many bacteria which interfered with the recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from beef. 相似文献
134.
(Na,K)-ATPase, the enzyme responsible for active transport of Na and K across the plasma membranes of animal cells, consists of a catalytic subunit (alpha) and a glycoprotein subunit (beta) with unknown function. We have determined the distance between fluorescent probes directed to specific sites on the alpha- and beta-subunits and ligand-induced changes in the fluorescence of a probe specifically attached to the beta-subunit. The cardiac glycoside site on the alpha-subunit was labeled with anthroylouabain [Fortes, P. A. G. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 531-540]. The oligosaccharides on the beta-subunit were labeled with lucifer yellow carbohydrazide [Lee, J. A., & Fortes, P. A. G. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 322-330]. Resonance energy transfer from anthroylouabain to lucifer yellow was measured by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The distance between these probes was determined from the efficiency of energy transfer. The average distance between anthroylouabain and lucifer yellow was 47 A and was independent of the number of acceptor molecules attached to the beta-subunit. The measured distance corresponds to the distance between the cardiac glycoside site and the center of the labeled oligosaccharides on the beta-subunit within one alpha beta dimer. The distance was the same (47 A) when anthroylouabain was bound with ATP or Pi as phosphorylating ligands but increased to 49 A in the presence of vanadate. The change in average distance provides quantitative evidence of a conformational difference between the complexes of cardiac glycosides with (Na,K)-ATPase induced by phosphorylating ligands or by vanadate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
135.
In this paper we report the first 1H NMR study of the base-paired secondary structure of yeast 5.8S RNA. On the basis of a combination of homonuclear Overhauser enhancements and temperature dependence of the proton 500-MHz NMR spectrum, we are able to identify and assign eight of the nine base pairs in the most thermally stable helical arm: G116.C137-C117.G136-C118.G135- C119.G134-C120.G133-U121.G132- U122.A131-G123.C130. This arm contains an unusually temperature-stable (to 71 degrees C) segment of four consecutive G.C base pairs. This work constitutes the most direct evidence to date for the existence and base-pair sequence of the GC-rich helix, which is common to most currently popular secondary structural models for eukaryotic 5.8S ribosomal RNA. 相似文献
136.
137.
J R McNeilly M Fordyce R B Land G J Lee R Webb 《Journal of reproduction and fertility》1986,76(1):131-140
Testis diameter and body weight were recorded from 6 to 76 weeks of age in ram lambs from two established lines selected for high (H) and low (L) testis size. While testis growth was greater in the H line up to 14 weeks of age (P less than 0.001), body weight was significantly lower, with the L line rams being 10 kg heavier by 76 weeks. There were no differences in plasma LH up to 20 weeks of age, but FSH concentrations were significantly lower at 14 and 20 weeks in the H line. Testosterone concentrations were not significantly higher in the H line from 6 to 20 weeks. In lambs castrated at birth, significantly higher FSH values were recorded from 6 to 20 weeks of age in the H line (P less than 0.001) whereas there was no difference in LH concentration at 6 and 10 weeks of age between the lines. At 14 and 20 weeks, however, the concentrations of LH were greater in the H than L line lambs (P less than 0.05). After hemicastration at 6 weeks of age, the rate of growth of the remaining testis in the L line lambs was significantly faster than in entire lambs of that line from 10 to 20 weeks (P less than 0.05 at 10 weeks to P less than 0.001 at 20 weeks). There was no difference in the rate of testis growth between the the entire and hemicastrated lambs from the H line from 6 to 12 weeks of age. It can be concluded that there is an underlying genetic difference in pituitary gland and/or hypothalamic activity in ram lambs from the two selected lines. 相似文献
138.
Ultrastructure of proteinaceous bladder plugs in male rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K P Lee 《Laboratory animal science》1986,36(6):671-677
Proteinaceous plugs in the bladder (bladder plugs) were found in male rats with an incidence of 14.1 to 17.8% in ages ranging from 10 weeks to 2 years. No evidence of urinary obstruction was found due to the plugs, but they appeared to irritate the bladder epithelium mechanically causing denudation. Consequently, exfoliated epithelial cells were incorporated into the plugs. Early in development, the plugs consisted of loosely organized eosinophilic masses with fine eosinophilic granules and fenestrated filaments in which eosinophilic globules were suspended. The components of plugs were similar to that contained in seminal vesicles. Subsequently, the plugs became more compact in structure with formation of densely interwoven amphophilic trabeculae containing exfoliated cells and spermatozoa. The periphery of the plugs was surrounded by exfoliated cells, cellular debris, eosinophilic granular materials and spermatozoa. Under electron microscopy, the eosinophilic granules surrounding the plugs were dense aggregates of electron-dense globules and vesicles derived from disintegrated bladder epithelium. The amphophilic trabeculae had a dense compact granular structure consisting of densely aggregated protein globules with a filamentous network. The intertrabecular proteinaceous material had a spongy like structure consisting of sparsely scattered protein globules with fine fenestrated filaments. Proteinaceous plugs having exfoliated cells and spermatozoa were found also in the male accessory sex glands. The plugs in the urinary bladder or male sex accessory glands appeared to be developed from back-flow of semen following ejaculatory disturbance. 相似文献
139.
Central administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in rats produces pituitary-adrenal activation and a variety of "anxiogenic-like" effects. The present study was designed to explore the contribution of the peripheral pituitary-adrenocortical axis in mediating these CRF responses. Intraventricularly administered CRF produced suppression of responding in the conflict test and a marked locomotor activation. Neither behavioral effect was altered by the prior administration of dexamethasone in a dose that blocked pituitary-adrenal activation to CRF. These results support the hypothesis that behavioral effects of CRF are mediated by its action at central sites and not via an action on the pituitary-adrenocortical system. 相似文献
140.
Julian C. Lee 《Oecologia》1986,69(2):207-212
Summary This study examines the idea that variation in forelimb length among male anurans influences reproductive success, and does so independently of body size. Analyses of covariance and multivariate analyses of morphological data for five species of explosives breeders are used to test the prediction that for species in which male-male displacements contribute to variation in male reproductive success, amplectant males have longer forelimbs than do non-amplectant males at any body length. The findings for four of five species are in agreement with expectation. The results lend support to the suggestion that for explosive-breeding anurans, the large-male mating advantage may not be a consequence of large body size per se, but rather is due to the fact that large males have longer forelimbs with which to grasp females securely during amplexus and thus resist displacements by competing males. 相似文献