Translocons on the inner and outer envelopes of chloroplasts share similar evolutionary origin in Arabidopsis thaliana

The process of importing nuclear encoded proteins into chloroplasts is mediated by the T ranslocons on the O uter/I nner Envelope of C hloroplasts (TOC and TIC complex). The ancestor of the TOC complex was formed by pre‐existing proteins from the cyanobacterial ancestor; other proteins recruited from the host cell or cyanobacterial ancestor were subsequently integrated into the complex. However, little is known about the origin of the TIC complex. In this work, the origin of the TIC complex was investigated through one of its channel proteins, AtTic21. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that AtTic21 is conserved in photosynthetic organisms. AtTic21 showed 33% sequence identity to a Synechocystis protein SynTic21. The successful genetic complementation of an AtTic21 knockout mutant by SynTic21 plus the transit peptide coding sequence of AtTic21 suggested that SynTic21 is an ortholog of AtTic21. The sequence and functional conservation between SynTic21 and AtTic21 suggested that the TIC complex shares a similar evolutionary origin to the TOC complex.     

Contractile behavior of the forelimb digital flexors during steady-state locomotion in horses (Equus caballus): an initial test of muscle architectural hypotheses about in vivo function

The forelimb digital flexors of the horse display remarkable diversity in muscle architecture despite each muscle-tendon unit having a similar mechanical advantage across the fetlock joint. We focus on two distinct muscles of the digital flexor system: short compartment deep digital flexor (DDF(sc)) and the superficial digital flexor (SDF). The objectives were to investigate force-length behavior and work performance of these two muscles in vivo during locomotion, and to determine how muscle architecture contributes to in vivo function in this system. We directly recorded muscle force (via tendon strain gauges) and muscle fascicle length (via sonomicrometry crystals) as horses walked (1.7 m s(-1)), trotted (4.1 m s(-1)) and cantered (7.0 m s(-1)) on a motorized treadmill. Over the range of gaits and speeds, DDF(sc) fascicles shortened while producing relatively low force, generating modest positive net work. In contrast, SDF fascicles initially shortened, then lengthened while producing high force, resulting in substantial negative net work. These findings suggest the long fibered, unipennate DDF(sc) supplements mechanical work during running, whereas the short fibered, multipennate SDF is specialized for economical high force and enhanced elastic energy storage. Apparent in vivo functions match well with the distinct architectural features of each muscle.     

FLT-1启动子在血管内皮细胞中特异生物活性的检测及其意义

目的:构建带有组织特异性 FLT-1 启动子的真核表达栽体,检测其在转染的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)中对荧光素酶报告基因表达的驱动能力.方法:采用PCR扩增FLT-1启动子,插入到pGL3-Basic-luc载体中,构建携带FLT-1启动子的真核表达载体pGL3-FLT-Basic-luc,经脂质体法转染HUVEC、HepG2、NIH3T3和HEK293 细胞,于转染48h后采用双荧光报告系统检测荧光素酶表达活性.结果:酶切及测序证实构建的pGL3-FLT-Basic-luc栽体中含有序列正确的FLT-1基因启动子,双荧光报告系统检测显示,转染的HUVEC细胞其荧光素酶活性明显高于HEK293细胞(P<0.01),而转染的HepG2和NIH3T3细胞中未检测出荧光素酶表达.结论:克隆的FLT-1启动子具有较高的血管内皮特异性转录活性,可作为血管疾病靶向基因治疗的启动子来源.     

中药提取物对酵母菌抗真菌活性研究

目的探讨6味中药2种方法提取成分对酵母菌的抑菌和杀菌作用。方法采用药基琼脂稀释法,测定6味中药水提和醇提成分对白念珠菌和糠秕马拉色菌的MIC和MFC。结果对白念珠菌：水提黄连、醇提黄柏、醇提土槿皮MIC范围分别为0．625—1．25mg／mL、0．625～1．25mg/mL、0．313—0．625mg／mL;均值均为0．625mg／mL;对糠秕马拉色菌：水提和醇提黄连MIC范围分别为0．625～1．25mg／mL和1．25mg／mL,均值均为1．25mg／mL。对白念珠菌：醇提土槿皮MFC范围0．625～2．5mg/mL,均值0．625rag／mL。结论水提黄连、醇提黄柏和土槿皮对白念珠菌有较强抑菌作用,其中醇提土槿皮有较强杀菌作用。水提和醇提黄连对糠秕马拉色菌有较强抑菌作用。     

糖尿病视网膜病变中细胞凋亡的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变引起的视力丧失目前已经引起了广泛的关注,但是由于糖尿病是一种多种机制作用的复杂疾病,对它的研究尚不清楚.本文就近期糖尿病视网膜病变中各种发病机制所致的视网膜血管和神经节细胞凋亡的有关研究做一综述.提示在糖尿病视网膜病变中各种机制均可引起视网膜血管和神经节细胞的凋亡,细胞凋亡在糖尿病视网膜病变的发生和发展中起着重要的作用.     

Eritoran对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:观察eritoran对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤模型的.方法:建立SD大鼠缺血再灌注模型,给予eritoran治疗而对照组给予生理盐水治疗,观察各组的肾功能情况、肾组织光镜病理,并采用核糖核酸酶保护测定检测肾组织炎症因子/趋化因子的表达.结果:与模型组相比,eritoran预处理可显著改善大鼠的肾功能,减轻缺血再灌注引起的肾小管损伤,减轻肾组织病变,减少肾组织单核细胞浸润并下调多种炎症因子的表达(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β和MCP-1).结论:本研究证实通过eritoran抑制Toll样受体4,可减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的炎症反应,减轻肾脏缺血再灌注损伤,eritoran可望成为肾脏I/R损伤的新治疗手段.     

应用Ad Easy载体系统构建人β2-AR基因重组腺病毒

目的:利用Ad easy腺病毒表达系统构建含人β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)基因重组腺病毒,并在HEK293细胞中扩增制备重组腺病毒.方法:将β2-AR全长cDNA插入到腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,构建pAdTrackCMV-β2AR重组质粒,经PmeI酶切线性化后经电击法转入含Ad easy质粒的电感受态菌BJ5183进行重组.挑选同源重组质粒,Pac I酶切线性化转染HEK293细胞包装成重组腺病毒颗粒.将重组病毒和SD大鼠心肌细胞共培养,western-blot检测β2-AR的表达.结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示在1242bp处有特异性条带后被克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒.重组穿梭载体经Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ限制性酶切可以得到目的条带并经测序证实.电击法转化BJ5183所得候选重组子经PacⅠ酶切后得到30Kb腺病毒基因组片段和4.5Kb氨苄抗性片段,证实获得同源重组质粒.转染293细胞可以看到绿色荧光蛋白,以MOI100转染SD大鼠心肌细胞发现携带β2-AR的腺病毒可以在心肌细胞中过表达.结论:利用新型腺病毒载体在短时间内成功构建了携带有人β2-AR基因的腺病毒,为进一步研究人β2-AR基因治疗奠定了基础.     

ROCK Ⅰ/Ⅱ基因下调对血管平滑肌细胞迁移及增殖的影响

目的:探讨ROCK亚型ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ对血管平滑肌细胞(A7r5)迁移及增殖的影响.方法:利用Western blot技术检测ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ蛋白在A7r5细胞中的表达水平;利用siRNA技术使ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ基因表达分别下调,并检测基因下调后蛋白表达水平;利用Boyden小室法,观察ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ基因下调后及RocK特异抑制剂Y-27632对PDGF诱导的A7r5细胞迁移的影响:使用MTT法检测ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ基因下调后对A7r5细胞生长曲线的影响.结果:ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ在A7r5细胞中的蛋白表达水平不同,ROCKⅡ较ROCK Ⅰ的表达水平高4倍;通过对A7r5细胞进行ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ siRNA转染,使二者蛋白表达水平分别下调83.4%和94.7%;基因表达下调后,ROCK Ⅰ明显抑制了PDGF诱导的A7r5细胞的迁移,而ROCKⅡ无明显影响,Y-27632也抑制了A7r5细胞的迁移;ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ基因下调后对A7r5细胞生长曲线的影响无明显差别.结论:ROCK Ⅰ在血管平滑肌细胞迁移过程中起主导作用,ROCK Ⅰ和ROCKⅡ对血管平滑肌细胞的增殖作用无明显差异.     

螺旋藻多糖抗单纯疱疹病毒作用的实验研究

在体外进行了钝顶螺旋藻多糖(polysaccharides fromSpirulina platensis,PSP)抗单纯疱疹病毒活性的研究。以不同剂量的PSP分别作用于HSV-1及HSV-2病毒复制周期的各个环节,以病毒半数感染量(TCID50),细胞病变效应(CPE),蚀斑形成单位(PFU),MTT染色细胞保护率(MTT法)作为评价指标,判断PSP的抗病毒效果;FQ-PCR检测PSP抗病毒作用的时效关系。结果表明PSP对Vero细胞毒性极低(TC50为1750μg/mL),对HSV-1及HSV-2均无直接灭活作用,可阻滞HSV-1及HSV-2病毒吸附和抑制感染细胞内病毒的复制,但不影响病毒的释放;FQ-PCR结果显示随着PSP浓度及作用时间的增加,PSP对HSV-1病毒DNA的抑制作用明显增强,具有良好的剂量和时效关系。提示PSP抗HSV-1及HSV-2病毒作用的机制与抑制病毒吸附和感染细胞内病毒的生物合成有关。     

赤芍中芍药苷提取工艺的优化

本文提出一条从赤芍中提取芍药苷的工艺,包括醇水溶液回流提取、液液分配、硅胶柱层析等工序,并对各工序的操作条件进行了优化。采用优化后的提取工艺,可得到纯度大于97.0%的芍药苷产品,总回收率超过87.0%。本工艺具有产品纯度高、操作简单、成本低、回收率高、易于工业化等优点。