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61.
Lara Bossini-Castillo Carmen P Simeon Lorenzo Beretta Jasper C Broen Madelon C Vonk Raquel Ríos-Fernández Gerard Espinosa Patricia Carreira María T Camps Maria J Castillo Miguel A González-Gay Emma Beltrán María del Carmen Freire Javier Narváez Carlos Tolosa Torsten Witte Alexander Kreuter Annemie J Schuerwegh Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold Roger Hesselstrand Claudio Lunardi Jacob M van Laar Meng May Chee Ariane Herrick Bobby PC Koeleman Christopher P Denton Carmen Fonseca Timothy RDJ Radstake Javier Martin 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(2):1-7
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) comprise a group of autoimmune diseases that are characterized by symmetrical skeletal muscle weakness and muscle inflammation with no known cause. Like other autoimmune diseases, IIMs are treated with either glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive drugs. However, many patients with an IIM are frequently resistant to immunosuppressive treatments, and there is compelling evidence to indicate that not only adaptive immune but also several non-immune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here, we focus on some of the evidence related to pathologic mechanisms, such as the innate immune response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, non-immune consequences of MHC class I overexpression, metabolic disturbances, and hypoxia. These mechanisms may explain how IIM-related pathologic processes can continue even in the face of immunosuppressive therapies. These data indicate that therapeutic strategies in IIMs should be directed at both immune and non-immune mechanisms of muscle damage. 相似文献
62.
SAGE of the developing wheat caryopsis 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
63.
64.
Phylogenetic relationships among prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
Seventy-four catalase protein sequences, including 29 bacterial, 8 fungal,
7 animal, and 30 plant sequences, were compiled, and 70 were used for
phylogenetic reconstruction. The core of the resulting tree revealed
unique, separate groups of plant and animal catalases, two groups of fungal
catalases, and three groups of bacterial catalases. The only overlap of
kingdoms occurred within one branch and involved fungal and bacterial
large-subunit enzymes. The other fungal branch was closely linked to the
group of animal enzymes. Group I bacterial catalases were more closely
related to the plant enzymes and contained such diverse taxa as the
Gram-positive Listeria seeligeri, Deinocococcus radiodurans, and
gamma-proteobacteria. Group III bacterial sequences were more closely
related to fungal and animal sequences and included enzymes from a broad
range of bacteria including high- and low-GC Gram positives,
proteobacteria, and a bacteroides species. Group II was composed of
large-subunit catalases from diverse sources including Gram positives
(low-GC Bacilli and high-GC Mycobacteria), proteobacteria, and species of
the filamentous fungus Aspergillus. These data can be interpreted in terms
of two gene duplication events that produced a minimum of three catalase
gene family members that subsequently evolved in response to environmental
demands. Horizontal gene transfer may have been responsible for the group
II mixture of bacterial and fungal large-subunit catalases.
相似文献
65.
Background
Efficient natural transformation in Neisseria requires the presence of short DNA uptake sequences (DUSs). Doubts remain whether DUSs propagate by pure selfish molecular drive or are selected for 'safe sex' among conspecifics. 相似文献66.
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus is an important tree species for the pulp and paper industry, and several breeding programmes throughout the world are striving
to improve key traits such as growth and wood density. This study aimed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for growth,
wood density, relative bark thickness and early flowering in a single full-sib E. globulus family grown across seven sites. Growth was measured a number of times over a 6-year period, enabling temporal stability
of growth QTL to be studied. Ten putative QTL (LOD > 2.0) were detected in the single family, which was of moderate size.
Based on permutations of the trait data, six of these QTL were significant at the experimentwise significance level of 0.1
for at least one of the four models implemented in analysis to remove site effects. For wood density, two putative QTL explained
20% of the variance for the trait, indicating that a small number of QTL might explain a reasonable proportion of the trait
variance. One of these QTL was found to be independent of QTL for growth whereas the second QTL co-segregated with a QTL for
relative incremental growth. The marker nearest to this QTL was associated with fast growth but low wood density. A putative
growth QTL at year 6 was found to be relatively stable across ages. In addition, it was found that residuals from models based
on measurements from across all families across all sites in the trial detected QTL with greater experimentwise significance. 相似文献
67.
The Arabidopsis AtLIG4 gene is required for the repair of DNA damage,but not for the integration of Agrobacterium T-DNA 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
van Attikum H Bundock P Overmeer RM Lee LY Gelvin SB Hooykaas PJ 《Nucleic acids research》2003,31(14):4247-4255
The joining of breaks in the chromosomal DNA backbone by ligases in processes of replication, recombination and repair plays a crucial role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Four ATP-dependent ligases, designated DNA ligases I–IV, have been identified in higher eukaryotes, and each one has distinct functions. In mammals and yeast, DNA ligase IV is exclusively involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining. Recently, an Arabidopsis thaliana orthologue of the yeast and mammalian DNA ligase IV gene was found and termed AtLIG4. Here we describe the isolation and functional characterisation of a plant line with a T-DNA insertion in the AtLIG4 gene. Plants homozygous for the T-DNA insertion did not display any growth or developmental defects and were fertile. However, mutant seedlings were hypersensitive to the DNA-damaging agents methyl methanesulfonate and X-rays, demonstrating that AtLIG4 is required for the repair of DNA damage. Recently, we showed that a yeast lig4 mutant is deficient in Agrobacterium T-DNA integration. However, using tumorigenesis and germline transformation assays, we found that the plant AtLIG4 mutant is not impaired in T-DNA integration. Thus, in contrast to yeast, DNA ligase IV is not required for T-DNA integration in plants. 相似文献
68.
Severe developmental defects,hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents,and lengthened telomeres in Arabidopsis MRE11 mutants 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
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The Mre11 protein is essential for the long-term genetic stability of the cell and acts to ensure the efficient repair of DNA damage. Vertebrate cells lacking Mre11 function are not viable. However, we report here that this is not the case in the model plant Arabidopsis. We have isolated two different Arabidopsis lines containing a T-DNA copy integrated at a different point in the MRE11 gene (AtMRE11). Both mutant plant lines were hypersensitive to DNA-damaging treatments but exhibited strikingly different developmental phenotypes. Furthermore, we also observed lengthened telomeres in these plant lines, showing that AtMre11 is involved in telomere maintenance. Thus, the lines we have isolated are unique tools with which to study in detail the role of AtMre11 in the mature plant. 相似文献
69.
70.
A sample of fixed bacterial cells was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy using an Alexa 488 conjugated secondary antibody for visualization. Excitation using visible light confirmed the expected photostability of this fluorophore; however, when using 2-photon excitation, Alexa 488 was rapidly and substantially photobleached. The unexpected instability of Alexa 488 under certain conditions may have deleterious consequences if not anticipated and accommodated in experimental protocols. 相似文献