排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Balamatsias D Kong AM Waters JE Sriratana A Gurung R Bailey CG Rasko JE Tiganis T Macaulay SL Mitchell CA 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(50):43229-43240
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling promotes the translocation of the glucose transporter, GLUT4, to the plasma membrane in insulin-sensitive tissues to facilitate glucose uptake. In adipocytes, insulin-stimulated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton has been proposed to play a role in promoting GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake, in a PI3K-dependent manner. However, the PI3K effectors that promote GLUT4 translocation via regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in adipocytes remain to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that the PI3K-dependent Rac exchange factor, P-Rex1, enhances membrane ruffling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and promotes GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane at submaximal insulin concentrations. P-Rex1-facilitated GLUT4 trafficking requires a functional actin network and membrane ruffle formation and occurs in a PI3K- and Rac1-dependent manner. In contrast, expression of other Rho GTPases, such as Cdc42 or Rho, did not affect insulin-stimulated P-Rex1-mediated GLUT4 trafficking. P-Rex1 siRNA knockdown or expression of a P-Rex1 dominant negative mutant reduced but did not completely inhibit glucose uptake in response to insulin. Collectively, these studies identify a novel RacGEF in adipocytes as P-Rex1 that, at physiological insulin concentrations, functions as an insulin-dependent regulator of the actin cytoskeleton that contributes to GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane. 相似文献
62.
Macrozooplankton may affect algal and microbial plankton directly through grazing or predation and indirectly through nutrient regeneration. They may also affect potential prey positively by removing alternative predators. Here, we examined the effects of a cladoceran (Daphnia) and a calanoid copepod (Eodiaptomus) on algal and microbial plankton in a Japanese lake using in situ experiments in which we manipulated the nutrient supply and biomass of these macrozooplankton. The response of algal and microbial plankton to macrozooplankton was diverse and varied depending on the level of nutrient supply. Eodiaptomus seemed to feed mainly on large algae (>20 µm) and microzooplankton, while direct grazing by Daphnia on algae, bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and microzooplankton (ciliates, heliozoa, and rotifers) was pronounced. Trophic linkages within these microbial plankton was also suggested; bacteria were grazed by HNF and these in turn were grazed by microzooplankton. When the nutrient supply was high, both HNF and microzooplankton were exposed to higher amounts of algae and lower bacterial abundance. Moreover, nutrient regeneration by daphnids and Eodiaptomus copepods seemed to differentially stimulate the growth of algae and bacteria. The results suggest that the relationship between macrozooplankton and microbial plankton cannot be fully understood without taking into consideration not only the feeding characteristics of the macrozooplankton, but also the food web structure, the subsidized algal resource, and nutrient regeneration from the macrozooplankton. 相似文献
63.
S Brown M J McGrath L M Ooms R Gurung M M Maimone C A Mitchell 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1999,274(38):27083-27091
We have cloned and characterized a novel isoform of the skeletal muscle LIM protein 1 (SLIM1), designated SLIMMER. SLIM1 contains an N-terminal single zinc finger followed by four LIM domains. SLIMMER is identical to SLIM1 over the first three LIM domains but contains a novel C-terminal 96 amino acids with three potential bipartite nuclear localization signals, a putative nuclear export sequence, and 27 amino acids identical to the RBP-J binding region of KyoT2, a murine isoform of SLIM1. SLIM1 localized to the cytosol of Sol8 myoblasts and myotubes. SLIMMER was detected in the nucleus of myoblasts and, following differentiation into myotubes, was exclusively cytosolic. Recombinant green fluorescent protein-SLIM1 localized to the cytoplasm and associated with focal adhesions and actin filaments in COS-7 cells, while green fluorescent protein-SLIMMER was predominantly nuclear. SLIMMER truncation mutants revealed that the first nuclear localization signal mediates nuclear localization. The addition of the proposed nuclear export sequence decreased the level of exclusively nuclear expression and increased cytosolic SLIMMER expression in COS-7 cells. The leucine-rich nuclear export signal was required for the export of SLIMMER from the nucleus of myoblasts to the cytoplasm of myotubes. Collectively, these results suggest distinct roles for SLIM1 and SLIMMER in focal adhesions and nuclear-cytoplasmic communication. 相似文献
64.
Shree P. Thapa Agustina De Francesco Jessica Trinh Fatta B. Gurung Zhiqian Pang Georgios Vidalakis Nian Wang Veronica Ancona Wenbo Ma Gitta Coaker 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2020,21(5):716-731
‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species are insect-transmitted, phloem-limited α-Proteobacteria in the order of Rhizobiales. The citrus industry is facing significant challenges due to huanglongbing, associated with infection from ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las). In order to gain greater insight into ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ biology and genetic diversity, we have performed genome sequencing and comparative analyses of diverse ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ species, including those that can infect citrus. Our phylogenetic analysis differentiates ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ species and Rhizobiales in separate clades and suggests stepwise evolution from a common ancestor splitting first into nonpathogenic Liberibacter crescens followed by diversification of pathogenic ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ species. Further analysis of Las genomes from different geographical locations revealed diversity among isolates from the United States. Our phylogenetic study also indicates multiple Las introduction events in California and spread of the pathogen from Florida to Texas. Texan Las isolates were closely related, while Florida and Asian isolates exhibited the most genetic variation. We have identified conserved Sec translocon (SEC)-dependent effectors likely involved in bacterial survival and virulence of Las and analysed their expression in their plant host (citrus) and insect vector (Diaphorina citri). Individual SEC-dependent effectors exhibited differential expression patterns between host and vector, indicating that Las uses its effector repertoire to differentially modulate diverse organisms. Collectively, this work provides insights into the evolution of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ species, the introduction of Las in the United States and identifies promising Las targets for disease management. 相似文献
65.
Chhatra Mani Sharma Subodh Sharma Roshan Man Bajracharya Smriti Gurung Ingrid Jüttner Shichang Kang Qianggong Zhang Qing Li 《Limnology》2012,13(1):181-192
The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the morphology, physical and chemical characteristics of three
high-altitude lakes in the Gokyo Valley, Everest National Park, Nepal. The moraine-dammed glacial lakes were studied for three
seasons to create baseline data. The second, third, and fourth lakes in the Gokyo Valley are deeper than previously assumed.
The vertical profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen indicated that the thermocline zone varied between 10 and 20 m below
the surface during the post-monsoon season. Although most of the analyzed metal concentrations were below the level recommended
by the WHO for safe drinking water, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels exceeded the limits in some of the samples. This has
created great concern for human health. The probable route of these two pollutants is monsoon precipitation that carries
industrial pollutants along its route. The sedimentation rates of Gokyo Lakes range from 0.069 to 0.089 cm per annum, which
is within the limits of other high-altitude lakes. The present findings created a baseline database for some of the remote
high-altitude lakes in Nepal that can be used for lake management and for assessing future changes in lake characteristics
in the Himalayan region. 相似文献
66.
67.
Acinetobacter baumannii secretes cytotoxic outer membrane protein A via outer membrane vesicles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen that causes a high morbidity and mortality rate in infected patients, but pathogenic mechanisms of this microorganism regarding the secretion and delivery of virulence factors to host cells have not been characterized. Gram-negative bacteria naturally secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play a role in the delivery of virulence factors to host cells. A. baumannii has been shown to secrete OMVs when cultured in vitro, but the role of OMVs in A. baumannii pathogenesis is not well elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated the secretion and delivery of virulence factors of A. baumannii to host cells via the OMVs and assessed the cytotoxic activity of outer membrane protein A (AbOmpA) packaged in the OMVs. A. baumannii ATCC 19606(T) secreted OMVs during in vivo infection as well as in vitro cultures. Potential virulence factors, including AbOmpA and tissue-degrading enzymes, were associated with A. baumannii OMVs. A. baumannii OMVs interacted with lipid rafts in the plasma membranes and then delivered virulence factors to host cells. The OMVs from A. baumannii ATCC 19606(T) induced apoptosis of host cells, whereas this effect was not detected in the OMVs from the ΔompA mutant, thereby reflecting AbOmpA-dependent host cell death. The N-terminal region of AbOmpA(22-170) was responsible for host cell death. In conclusion, the OMV-mediated delivery of virulence factors to host cells may well contribute to pathogenesis during A. baumannii infection. 相似文献
68.
Baker S Holt KE Clements AC Karkey A Arjyal A Boni MF Dongol S Hammond N Koirala S Duy PT Nga TV Campbell JI Dolecek C Basnyat B Dougan G Farrar JJ 《Open biology》2011,1(2):110008
Typhoid is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, human-restricted bacteria that are transmitted faeco-orally. Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi A are clonal, and their limited genetic diversity has precluded the identification of long-term transmission networks in areas with a high disease burden. To improve our understanding of typhoid transmission we have taken a novel approach, performing a longitudinal spatial case-control study for typhoid in Nepal, combining single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and case localization via global positioning. We show extensive clustering of typhoid occurring independent of population size and density. For the first time, we demonstrate an extensive range of genotypes existing within typhoid clusters, and even within individual households, including some resulting from clonal expansion. Furthermore, although the data provide evidence for direct human-to-human transmission, we demonstrate an overwhelming contribution of indirect transmission, potentially via contaminated water. Consistent with this, we detected S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A in water supplies and found that typhoid was spatially associated with public water sources and low elevation. These findings have implications for typhoid-control strategies, and our innovative approach may be applied to other diseases caused by other monophyletic or emerging pathogens. 相似文献
69.
Paul Sutcliffe Martin Connock Tara Gurung Karoline Freeman Samantha Johnson Kandala Ngianga-Bakwin Amy Grove Binu Gurung Sarah Morrow Saverio Stranges Aileen Clarke 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Background
Aspirin has been recommended for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, but overall benefits are unclear. We aimed to use novel methods to re-evaluate the balance of benefits and harms of aspirin using evidence from randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Methods and Findings
Data sources included ten electronic bibliographic databases, contact with experts, and scrutiny of reference lists of included studies. Searches were undertaken in September 2012 and restricted to publications since 2008. Of 2,572 potentially relevant papers 27 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of control arms to estimate event rates, modelling of all-cause mortality and L''Abbé plots to estimate heterogeneity were undertaken. Absolute benefits and harms were low: 60-84 major CVD events and 34-36 colorectal cancer deaths per 100,000 person-years were averted, whereas 46-49 major bleeds and 68-117 gastrointestinal bleeds were incurred. Reductions in all-cause mortality were minor and uncertain (Hazard Ratio 0.96; 95% CI: 0.90-1.02 at 20 years, Relative Risk [RR] 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88-1.00 at 8 years); there was a non-significant change in total CVD (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.69-1.06) and change in total cancer mortality ranged from 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66-0.88) to 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84-1.03) depending on follow-up time and studies included. Risks were increased by 37% for gastrointestinal bleeds (RR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.15-1.62), 54%-66% for major bleeds (Rate Ratio from IPD analysis 1.54, 95% CI: 1.30-1.82, and RR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.31-2.00), and 32%-38% for haemorrhagic stroke (Rate Ratio from IPD analysis 1.32; 95% CI: 1.00-1.74; RR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01-1.82).Conclusions
Findings indicate small absolute effects of aspirin relative to the burden of these diseases. When aspirin is used for primary prevention of CVD the absolute harms exceed the benefits. Estimates of cancer benefit rely on selective retrospective re-analysis of RCTs and more information is needed. 相似文献70.
Abhilasha Karkey Corinne N. Thompson Nga Tran Vu Thieu Sabina Dongol Tu Le Thi Phuong Phat Voong Vinh Amit Arjyal Laura B. Martin Simona Rondini Jeremy J. Farrar Christiane Dolecek Buddha Basnyat Stephen Baker 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(8)