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571.
572.
Spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern Tanzania
MJAM Oesterholt JT Bousema OK Mwerinde C Harris P Lushino A Masokoto H Mwerinde FW Mosha CJ Drakeley 《Malaria journal》2006,5(1):1-7
Background
Current detection or screening for malaria infection necessitates drawing blood by fingerprick or venipuncture, which poses risks and limitations for repeated measurement. This study presents PCR detection of Plasmodium falciparum in human urine and saliva samples, and illustrates this potential application in genotyping malaria infections.Methods
Urine and saliva were obtained from 47 thick film positive and 4 negative individuals one day after collection of blood slides and filter paper blood spots. P. falciparum DNA was extracted from blood, urine and saliva, in separate groups, using the Chelex method or Qiagen DNEasy® kit (urine and saliva only). Blood, urine and saliva extracts were subjected to PCR in separate batches. Amplicons from the various sample types were examined for MSP2 polymorphisms and restriction fragment patterns on DHFR amino acid codon 59.Results and discussion
Malaria infections exhibited primarily low-grade parasite densities, with a geometric mean of 775 asexual parasites/μl. Regularly matching polymorphic MSP2 genotypes were found between the corresponding urine, saliva and peripheral blood amplicons of each individual, with different inter-individual polymorphic genotypes. Amplicon yields were significantly dependent on DNA extraction method, parasite density and primer set (p < 0.001). A Qiagen® kit extraction had more than 2× higher amplicon yield than the Chelex method, for both urine and saliva. Amplicon yields were 1.6 fold higher from saliva than urine. For each unit increase in log parasite density, the probability of amplicon enhanced 1.8 fold. Highest amplicon yields were obtained from the primer set with the shortest PCR product.Conclusion
P. falciparum infection is detectable by PCR on human urine and saliva samples. Subject to further refinement of extraction technique and amplicon yields, large-scale malaria parasite screening and epidemiological surveys could be possible without the need to collect blood and use of needles or sharps. 相似文献573.
Rachel A Heimeier Biswajit Das Daniel R Buchholz Maria Fiorentino Yun-Bo Shi 《Genome biology》2010,11(5):R55
Background
To adapt to its changing dietary environment, the digestive tract is extensively remodeled from the embryo to the adult during vertebrate development. Xenopus laevis metamorphosis is an excellent model system for studying mammalian gastrointestinal development and is used to determine the genes and signaling programs essential for intestinal development and maturation. 相似文献574.
Background
The opportunities for bacterial population genomics that are being realised by the application of parallel nucleotide sequencing require novel bioinformatics platforms. These must be capable of the storage, retrieval, and analysis of linked phenotypic and genotypic information in an accessible, scalable and computationally efficient manner. 相似文献575.
Miko?aj S?abicki Mirko Theis Dragomir B. Krastev Sergey Samsonov Emeline Mundwiller Magno Junqueira Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz Joan Teyra Anne-Kristin Heninger Ina Poser Fabienne Prieur Jérémy Truchetto Christian Confavreux Cécilia Marelli Alexandra Durr Jean Philippe Camdessanche Alexis Brice Andrej Shevchenko M. Teresa Pisabarro Giovanni Stevanin Frank Buchholz 《PLoS biology》2010,8(6)
DNA repair is essential to maintain genome integrity, and genes with roles in DNA repair are frequently mutated in a variety of human diseases. Repair via homologous recombination typically restores the original DNA sequence without introducing mutations, and a number of genes that are required for homologous recombination DNA double-strand break repair (HR-DSBR) have been identified. However, a systematic analysis of this important DNA repair pathway in mammalian cells has not been reported. Here, we describe a genome-scale endoribonuclease-prepared short interfering RNA (esiRNA) screen for genes involved in DNA double strand break repair. We report 61 genes that influenced the frequency of HR-DSBR and characterize in detail one of the genes that decreased the frequency of HR-DSBR. We show that the gene KIAA0415 encodes a putative helicase that interacts with SPG11 and SPG15, two proteins mutated in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We identify mutations in HSP patients, discovering KIAA0415/SPG48 as a novel HSP-associated gene, and show that a KIAA0415/SPG48 mutant cell line is more sensitive to DNA damaging drugs. We present the first genome-scale survey of HR-DSBR in mammalian cells providing a dataset that should accelerate the discovery of novel genes with roles in DNA repair and associated medical conditions. The discovery that proteins forming a novel protein complex are required for efficient HR-DSBR and are mutated in patients suffering from HSP suggests a link between HSP and DNA repair. 相似文献
576.
David J. Wustrow Thomas R. Belliotti Thomas Capiris Clare O. Kneen Justin S. Bryans Mark J. Field Dic Williams Ayman El-Kattan Lisa Buchholz Jack J. Kinsora Susan M. Lotarski Mark G. Vartanian Charles P. Taylor Sean D. Donevan Andrew J. Thorpe Jacob B. Schwarz 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(1):247-250
A series of oxadiazolone bioisosteres of pregabalin 1 and gabapentin 2 were prepared, and several were found to exhibit similar potency for the α2-δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. Oxadiazolone 9 derived from 2 achieved low brain uptake but was nevertheless active in models of osteoarthritis. The high clearance associated with compound 9 was postulated to be a consequence of efflux by OAT and/or OCT, and was attenuated on co-administration with cimetidine or probenecid. 相似文献
577.
Comparative profiling identifies C13orf3 as a component of the Ska complex required for mammalian cell division 下载免费PDF全文
Mirko Theis Mikolaj Slabicki Magno Junqueira Maciej Paszkowski‐Rogacz Jana Sontheimer Anne‐Kristine Heninger Timo Glatter Kristi Kruusmaa Ina Poser Anthony A Hyman M Teresa Pisabarro Matthias Gstaiger Rudolf Aebersold Andrej Shevchenko Frank Buchholz 《The EMBO journal》2009,28(10):1453-1465
Proliferation of mammalian cells requires the coordinated function of many proteins to accurately divide a cell into two daughter cells. Several RNAi screens have identified previously uncharacterised genes that are implicated in mammalian cell division. The molecular function for these genes needs to be investigated to place them into pathways. Phenotypic profiling is a useful method to assign putative functions to uncharacterised genes. Here, we show that the analysis of protein localisation is useful to refine a phenotypic profile. We show the utility of this approach by defining a function of the previously uncharacterised gene C13orf3 during cell division. C13orf3 localises to centrosomes, the mitotic spindle, kinetochores, spindle midzone, and the cleavage furrow during cell division and is specifically phosphorylated during mitosis. Furthermore, C13orf3 is required for centrosome integrity and anaphase onset. Depletion by RNAi leads to mitotic arrest in metaphase with an activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and loss of sister chromatid cohesion. Proteomic analyses identify C13orf3 (Ska3) as a new component of the Ska complex and show a direct interaction with a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase PP2A. All together, these data identify C13orf3 as an important factor for metaphase to anaphase progression and highlight the potential of combined RNAi screening and protein localisation analyses. 相似文献
578.
Jonah Lin Ryan Law Chapin S. Korosec Christine Zhou Wan Hon Koh Mohammad Sajjad Ghaemi Philip Samaan Hsu Kiang Ooi Vitaliy Matveev FengYun Yue Anne-Claude Gingras Antonio Estacio Megan Buchholz Patti Lou Cheatley Avid Mohammadi Rupert Kaul Katerina Pavinski Samira Mubareka Allison J. McGeer Jerome A. Leis Jane M. Heffernan Mario Ostrowski 《Journal of virology》2022,96(13)
579.