Isolation of salt-soluble elastin from ligamentum nuchae of copper-deficient calf

This paper describes the isolation and amino acid analysis of un-cross-linked elastin obtained by neutral salt extraction from the ligamentum nuchae of a calf fed from birth to 9 months on a diet low in copper.     

Synergistic effects of metabolically related amino acids on the growth of a multicellular plant

The effects of several amino acids related to the metabolism of aspartic acid on the growth and development of gemmalings of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha were investigated under axenic conditions. Lysine and theonine synergistically inhibit the growth of these plants and cause a loss of normal pigmentation at concentrations as low as 1 μm. These effects are highly specific for this pair of amino acids, are partially reversible upon removal of the effectors, and can be prevented by low concentrations of methionine or its metabolic precursor, homoserine. Alterations in the growth and development of gemmalings in the presence of natural amino acids are discussed in relation to metabolic regulatory mechanisms which have been well established in microorganisms.     

Significance of Signs and Symptoms in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Measurements of intravesical pressure, urinary flow rate, retrograde cystographic residual urine, reflux of contrast medium into the prostatic ducts, and radiological prostate size were made in 45 men with benign prostatic hypertrophy. These factors were all found to be good clinical indices of the degree of urethral resistance to micturition; on the other hand, there was no relation between the latter and the severity of symptoms.     

Salmonellae Associated with Further-processed Turkey Products

"Further-processed" turkey products, prepared from chilled, eviscerated, and thawed carcasses at two commercial turkey-processing plants, were evaluated, for the presence of salmonellae. These organisms were isolated from swab samples from 12% of chilled, eviscerated turkey carcasses, 27% of finished products, and 24% of processing equipment. The same serotypes as those found throughout a plant on any one visit were recovered from 31% of rinse-samples taken from hands and gloves of processing personnel. Salmonellae were found in samples taken on 37 of 48 visits; a greater number of recoveries were made on days when freshly killed turkeys were processed (87%) than when frozen-defrosted carcasses were processed (59%). The predominant serotype isolated from meat and environment usually changed from visit to visit. Salmonella sandiego and Salmonella anatum were the most frequent among 23 serotypes recovered. Most of the isolated serotypes are commonly associated with turkeys and have been incriminated as causative agents of human salmonellosis. The implication is that further-processed turkey products, if inadequately cooked by the consumer and if improperly refrigerated between the time of manufacture and consumption, could directly transmit salmonellae. These same products might also contaminate other foods by introducing salmonellae into food-preparation areas.     

The effects of insecticides on the biting behaviour of wireworms (Agriotes spp.)

Filter-paper discs soaked in nutrient were used to study how insecticides affect the biting behaviour of wireworms. When wireworms were buried in soils treated with 3.7 ppm aldrin, Bayer (38156¹), N 2790 or thionazin they stopped biting several days or weeks before they died. Three out of ten wireworms slowly recovered their biting ability after being buried for 4 days in soil containing 3.7 ppm -BHC. Biting behaviour was little affected when wireworms were confined to soils containing insecticides known to be not very toxic to wireworms.Nutrient discs treated with thionazin or -BHC were bitten less often than discs containing nutrient alone. Those treated with nutrient and aldrin were bitten almost as often as nutrient discs but the wireworms later stopped biting and died.

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Die wirkungen von insektiziden auf das fressverhalten von drahtwürmern (Agriotes spp.)

Zusammenfassung Um den Einfluß von Insektiziden auf das Freßverhalten von Drahtwürmern zu prüfen, wurden auf zweierlei Weise Filtrierpapierscheiben benutzt, die mit dem Nährstoff vollgesogen waren: a) durch Zumischen der Insektizide in den Boden, so daß die Drahtwürmer ihrer Kontaktwirkung nicht entgehen konnten (Bodenbehandlung), b) durch Aufbringen der Insektizide auf die Nährscheiben selbst (Scheibenbehandlung).Drahtwürmer hörten einige Tage oder Wochen vor ihrem Tode auf zu fressen, wenn sie in Böden vergraben waren, die mit 3,7 ppm Aldrin, Bayer 38156 (O-ethyl-S-p-totyl-ethyl phosphonodithioate), N 2790 (O-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethyl-phosphonodithioate) oder Thionazin behandel waren. 3 von 10 Drahtwürmern gewannen ihre Freßfähigkeit langsam wieder, nachdem sie für 4 Tage in Boden vergraben gewesen waren, der mit 3,7 ppm -BHC behandelt war. Die Freßfähigkeit wurde wenig beeinflußt, wenn die Drahtwürmer in Boden eingeschlossen wurden, der Bromophos, Dichlofenthion, Ethion oder RD 14838 (3-isopropylphenyl N-acetyl N-methylcarbamate) enthielt, von denen keines sehr giftig für Drahtwürmer ist.Wenn die Insektizide den Nahrungsscheiben zugefügt wurden, wurden die mit Thionazin oder -BHC behandelten Scheiben weniger oft befressen als diejenigen, die nur die Nahrung enthielten. Mit Nahrungsstoffen und Aldrin behandelte Scheiben wurden bereitwillig befressen, aber die Drahtwürmer hörten später zu fressen auf und starben.