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51.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor indinavir directly affects the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Blasi E Colombari B Orsi CF Pinti M Troiano L Cossarizza A Esposito R Peppoloni S Mussini C Neglia R 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》2004,42(2):187-195
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), that includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (PIs), has been remarkably efficacious including against some opportunistic infections. In this report we investigated the effect(s) of the PI indinavir on protease activity by Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for recurrent meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients. Indinavir was also tested for potential effects on other parameters, such as fungal viability, growth ability and susceptibility to immune effector cells. It was found that indinavir impaired cryptococcal protease activity in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The phenomenon was similarly detectable in ATCC/laboratory strains and clinical isolates. C. neoformans growth rate was also significantly reduced upon exposure to indinavir, while fungal viability was not affected and mitochondrial toxicity not detected. Furthermore, as assessed by an in vitro infection model, indinavir significantly and consistently augmented C. neoformans susceptibility to microglial cell-mediated phagocytosis and killing. Overall, by providing the first evidence that indinavir directly affects C. neoformans, these data add new in vitro insights on the wide-spectrum efficacy of PIs, further arguing for the clinical relevance of HAART against opportunistic infections in AIDS. 相似文献
52.
Bruna Comparsi Daiane F. Meinerz Jeferson L. Franco Thaís Posser Alessandro de Souza Prestes Sílvio Terra Stefanello Danúbia B. dos Santos Caroline Wagner Marcelo Farina Michael Aschner Alcir L. Dafre Jo?o B. T. Rocha 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2012,370(1-2):173-182
In this study, we investigated the effect of diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2 administration (10 and 50?μmol/kg) on adult mouse behavioral performance as well as several parameters of oxidative stress in the brain and liver. Adult mice were injected with (PhTe)2 or canola oil subcutaneously (s.c.) daily for 7?days. Results demonstrated that (PhTe)2 induced prominent signs of toxicity (body weight loss), behavioral alterations and increased in lipid peroxidation in brain. 50?μmol/kg (PhTe)2 inhibited blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D), a redox sensitive enzyme. (PhTe)2 caused an increase in cerebral non-protein thiol (NPSH) and protein thiol (PSH) groups. In the liver, 50?μmol/kg (PhTe)2 decreased NPSH, but did not alter the content of protein thiol groups. (PhTe)2 decreased cerebral antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). In liver, (PhTe)2 increase SOD and GR and decreased GPx activity. Results obtained herein suggest that the brain was more susceptible to oxidative stress induced by (PhTe)2 than the liver. Furthermore, we have demonstrated for the first time that TrxR is an in vivo target for (PhTe)2. Combined, these results highlight a novel molecular mechanism involved in the toxicity of (PhTe)2. In particular the inhibition of important selenoenzymes (TrxR and GPx) seems to be involved in the neurotoxicity associated with (PhTe)2 exposure in adult mice. 相似文献
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Damir Valić Irena Vardić Smrzlić Damir Kapetanović Zlatica Teskeredžić Bruna Pleše Emin Teskeredžić 《Biologia》2013,68(3):539-545
In order to determine an unknown fish population from the Vrana Lake, mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and non-coding nuclear region Cyfun P were investigated. Stabile population of Bulldog rudd, Scardinius dergle Heckel & Kner, the endemic Croatian freshwater fish in the Krka River, was genetically characterized with the same markers in order to compare it with the material from the Vrana Lake. Genetic markers were sequenced and aligned with the similar ones obtained from the GenBank in order to determine taxonomic and phylogenetic position of these two species. A significant discrepancy between nuclear genetic markers of our specimens and the sequence from the GenBank was found. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the specimens from the Vrana Lake belong to the species S. hesperidicus. Morphometric characteristics, the maximum length and body mass showed new maximum values for both S. dergle and S. hesperidicus. 相似文献
55.
David Fowler Mhairi Coyle Ute Skiba Mark A. Sutton J. Neil Cape Stefan Reis Lucy J. Sheppard Alan Jenkins Bruna Grizzetti James N. Galloway Peter Vitousek Allison Leach Alexander F. Bouwman Klaus Butterbach-Bahl Frank Dentener David Stevenson Marcus Amann Maren Voss 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2013,368(1621)
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic Nr are on land (240 Tg N yr−1) within soils and vegetation where reduced Nr contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture. Leakages from the use of fertilizer Nr contribute to nitrate (NO3−) in drainage waters from agricultural land and emissions of trace Nr compounds to the atmosphere. Emissions, mainly of ammonia (NH3) from land together with combustion related emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), contribute 100 Tg N yr−1 to the atmosphere, which are transported between countries and processed within the atmosphere, generating secondary pollutants, including ozone and other photochemical oxidants and aerosols, especially ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4. Leaching and riverine transport of NO3 contribute 40–70 Tg N yr−1 to coastal waters and the open ocean, which together with the 30 Tg input to oceans from atmospheric deposition combine with marine biological nitrogen fixation (140 Tg N yr−1) to double the ocean processing of Nr. Some of the marine Nr is buried in sediments, the remainder being denitrified back to the atmosphere as N2 or N2O. The marine processing is of a similar magnitude to that in terrestrial soils and vegetation, but has a larger fraction of natural origin. The lifetime of Nr in the atmosphere, with the exception of N2O, is only a few weeks, while in terrestrial ecosystems, with the exception of peatlands (where it can be 102–103 years), the lifetime is a few decades. In the ocean, the lifetime of Nr is less well known but seems to be longer than in terrestrial ecosystems and may represent an important long-term source of N2O that will respond very slowly to control measures on the sources of Nr from which it is produced. 相似文献
56.
Grauso Laura Emrick Stefano de Falco Bruna Lanzotti Virginia Bonanomi Giuliano 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2019,18(4):1115-1132
Phytochemistry Reviews - Phytoalimurgy is a term that derives from Greek and Latin by combination of the words φυτόν, which meaning plant, and alimenta urgentia, indicating... 相似文献
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Taciana S. do Carmo Felipe S. Moreira Bruna V. Cabral Raquel C. C. Dantas Vicelma L. Cardoso 《Geomicrobiology journal》2019,36(3):195-203
In this paper, we are presenting a biological process to recover phosphorus by solubilizing low-grade phosphate rocks. To this end, the efficiency of different phosphate-solubilizing microorganism (PSM) species for solubilizing P from phosphate rocks using both pure cultures and associations. Nutritional conditions, phosphate rock concentrations, and reactor designs were tested. The genus Bacillus, especially Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 14581), was found to be the most promising PSM for solubilizing P. Production of organic acids and acidic pH values were shown to be directly related to P solubilizing. However, associations between tested microorganisms did not significantly enhance process efficiency. We conclude that nutritional factors of the medium are important to solubilization, and lower phosphate rock concentrations lead to better solubilization. The Air Lift reactor was promising for B. megaterium (ATCC 14581), but adaptations are needed for further tests. 相似文献
59.
Emanuela Anna Roselli Silvia Lazzati Federico Iseppon Massimiliano Manganini Livia Marcato Marzia Bruna Gariboldi Federico Maggi Francesca Romana Grati Giuseppe Simoni 《Cytotherapy》2013,15(11):1340-1351
Background aimsFirst-trimester chorionic villi (CV) are an attractive source of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) for possible applications in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. Human MSC from CV were monitored for genetic stability in long-term cultures.MethodsWe set up a good manufacturing practice cryopreservation procedure for small amounts of native CV samples. After isolation, hMSC were in vitro cultured and analyzed for biological end points. Genome stability at different passages of expansion was explored by karyotype, genome-wide array-comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite genotyping.ResultsGrowth curve analysis revealed a high proliferative potential of CV-derived cells. Immunophenotyping showed expression of typical MSC markers and absence of hematopoietic markers. Analysis of multilineage potential demonstrated efficient differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and induction of neuro-glial commitment. In angiogenic experiments, differentiation in endothelial cells was detected by in vitro Matrigel assay after vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation. Data obtained from karyotyping, array-comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite genotyping comparing early with late DNA passages did not show any genomic variation at least up to passage 10. Aneuploid clones appeared in four of 14 cases at latest passages, immediately before culture growth arrest.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that hCV-MSC are genetically stable in long-term cultures at least up to passage 10 and that it is possible to achieve clinically relevant amounts of hCV-MSC even after few stages of expansion. Genome abnormalities at higher passages can occasionally occur and are always associated with spontaneous growth arrest. Under these circumstances, hCV-MSC could be suitable for therapeutic purposes. 相似文献