Total sleep deprivation does not significantly degrade semantic encoding

ABSTRACT

Sleep deprivation impairs performance on cognitive tasks, but it is unclear which cognitive processes it degrades. We administered a semantic matching task with variable stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and both speeded and self-paced trial blocks. The task was administered at the baseline and 24 hours later after 30.8 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD) or matching well-rested control. After sleep deprivation, the 20% slowest response times (RTs) were significantly increased. However, the semantic encoding time component of the RTs remained at baseline level. Thus, the performance impairment induced by sleep deprivation on this task occurred in cognitive processes downstream of semantic encoding.     

120 例初治、年轻、中高/ 高危弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床分析

目的:探讨初治、年轻、中高/高危弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)的临床特征、治疗措施及预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2014年5月军事医学科学院附属医院淋巴瘤科收治的年龄≤60岁、年龄调整的国际预后指数(aa IPI)评分≥2分的初治DLBCL病例,进行疗效及预后相关因素的分析。结果:共收集到资料完整的DLBCL病例120例,中位随访28(4-106)个月,3年PFS率53.25%,OS率61.52%。单因素分析结果显示B症状、治疗方案及近期疗效、自体移植对无进展生存(PFS)及总体生存(OS)率的影响有统计学意义。多因素分析结果显示治疗方案、自体造血干细胞移植是影响PFS、OS率的独立影响因素。结论:年轻、中高/高危DLBCL具有高度异质性,病理细胞来源、Ki-67等在本组病例中未见显著预后意义,有待临床进一步探索。     

寒武纪凯里生物群在贵州镇远竹坪地区的发现

贵州东部镇远县竹坪地区付家冲寒武系凯里组中上部Oryctocephalus indicus带至Peronopsis taijiangensis带粉砂质泥岩、泥岩中新发现丰富的多门类化石组合,共计22属及3未定属种,分属海绵动物、节肢动物、腕足动物、软体动物、棘皮动物、腔肠动物,鳃曳动物、水母状动物及藻类9大门类,其中动...     

Mitochondrial DNA structure and colony expansion dynamics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) around Banks Peninsula

New Zealand fur seals are one of many pinniped species that survived the commercial sealing of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in dangerously low numbers. After the enforcement of a series of protection measures in the early twentieth century, New Zealand fur seals began to recover from the brink of extinction. We examined the New Zealand fur seal populations of Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand using the mitochondrial DNA control region. We identified a panmictic population structure around Banks Peninsula. The most abundant haplotype in the area showed a slight significant aggregated structure. The Horseshoe Bay colony showed the least number of shared haplotypes with other colonies, suggesting a different origin of re-colonisation of this specific colony. The effective population size of the New Zealand fur seal population at Banks Peninsula was estimated at approximately 2500 individuals. The exponential population growth rate parameter for the area was 35, which corresponds to an expanding population. In general, samples from adjacent colonies shared 4.4 haplotypes while samples collected from colonies separated by between five and eight bays shared 1.9 haplotypes. The genetic data support the spill-over dynamics of colony expansion already suggested for this species. Approximate Bayesian computations analysis suggests re-colonisation of the area from two main clades identified across New Zealand with a most likely admixture coefficient of 0.41 to form the Banks Peninsula population. Approximate Bayesian computations analysis estimated a founder population size of approximately 372 breeding individuals for the area, which then rapidly increased in size with successive waves of external recruitment. The population of fur seals in the area is probably in the late phase of maturity in the colony expansion dynamic.     

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene duplication during chordate evolution: the cDNA sequence of the LDH of the tunicate Styela plicata

L-Lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27) is encoded by two or three loci in all vertebrates examined, with the exception of lampreys, which have a single LDH locus. Biochemical characterizations of LDH proteins have suggested that a gene duplication early in vertebrate evolution gave rise to Ldh-A and Ldh-B and that an additional locus, Ldh-C arose in a number of lineages more recently. Although some phylogenetic studies of LDH protein sequences have supported this pattern of gene duplication, others have contradicted it. In particular, a number of studies have suggested that Ldh-C represents the earliest divergence among vertebrate LDHs and that it may have diverged from the other loci well before the origin of vertebrates. Such hypotheses make explicit statements about the relationship of vertebrate and invertebrate LDHs, but to date, no closely related invertebrate LDH sequences have been available for comparison. We have attempted to provide further data on the timing of gene duplications leading to multiple vertebrate LDHs by determining the cDNA sequence of the LDH of the tunicate Styela plicata. Phylogenetic analyses of this and other LDH sequences provide strong support for the duplications giving rise to multiple vertebrate LDHs having occurred after vertebrates diverged from tunicates. The timing of these LDH duplications is consistent with data from a number of other gene families suggesting widespread gene duplication near the origin of vertebrates. With respect to the relationships among vertebrate LDHs, our data are not consistent with previous claims that Ldh-C represented the earliest divergence. However, the precise relationships among some of the main lineages of vertebrate LDHs were not resolved in our analyses.      

应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析河西走廊地区盐碱土壤微生物多样性

【目的】以甘肃省河西走廊地区的9个盐碱土壤样品(原生盐碱土、次生盐碱土、农田土)为材料,研究该地区盐碱土壤中微生物群落的多样性。【方法】提取土壤微生物总DNA,应用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术进行分析。【结果】从分布在河西走廊3个流域的9个盐碱土样品中共获得325 089条微生物的16S r RNA基因序列。冗余分析和热图分析表明,原生盐碱土与次生盐碱土、原生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落构成差异较大,次生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落差异较小。土壤p H对微生物群落组成的影响最显著。多样性指数和稀释性曲线分析得出,在9个土壤样品中,S6号Shannon指数最大,S1号Shannon指数最小,S1号Simpson指数最大,S6号Simpson指数最小,说明原生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最低,次生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最高。盐碱土壤中主要的微生物群落包括9个门,其中变形菌门占主导地位,其余依次是放线菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门。原生盐碱土和农田土中占优势的微生物群落是变形菌门,次生盐碱土中占优势的微生物群落是放线菌门。【结论】河西走廊地区盐碱土壤中微生物多样性非常丰富,存在大量的微生物类群,尤其是在次生盐碱土壤中。     

Identification of stable fly attractant compounds in vinasse,a byproduct of sugarcane–ethanol distillation

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is a worldwide pest of livestock. Recent outbreaks of stable flies in sugarcane fields in Brazil have become a serious problem for livestock producers. Larvae and pupae found inside sugarcane stems after harvesting may indicate that stable flies use these stems as potential oviposition or larval development sites. Field observations suggest that outbreaks of stable flies are associated with the vinasse and filter cake derived from biomass distillation in sugarcane ethanol production that are used as fertilizers in sugarcane fields. Adult stable flies are attracted to vinasse, which appears to present an ideal larval development site. The primary goal of the present study is to demonstrate the role of vinasse in influencing the sensory physiological and behavioural responses of stable flies, and to identify its associated volatile attractant compounds. Both laboratory and field studies showed that vinasse is extremely attractive to adult stable flies. Chemical analyses of volatiles collected revealed a wide range of carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols and aldehydes as potential attractant compounds. These newly identified attractants could be used to develop a tool for the attractant‐baited mass trapping of stable flies in order to reduce infestations.     

Growth of Phytomonas serpens in a Defined Medium; Nutritional Requirements

ABSTRACT. Three strains of Phytomonas serpens two from tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum one from the insect Phtia picta (Hemiptera, Coreidae), were cultivated in a chemically defined medium developed from a defined medium for cultivating insect flagellates. Besides organic growth factors required by other insect trypanosomatids this flagellate requires, serine and inositol. Glutamine stimulates growth, and, surprisingly, does not require heme.     

上海城市近自然森林的重建动态

近自然森林作为城市植被恢复的重要模式,已在我国多地开展了实践,并衍生了新的造林模式。为评估不同近自然森林建设模式的群落恢复进程,本研究以上海城市裸地上重建的近自然森林为对象,通过长期监测两处分别应用原"宫胁法"与新"异龄复层落叶—常绿混交林"种植模式的近自然森林重建过程,从物种组成、垂直结构、生活型组成和目标恢复物种4个方面解析恢复动态。结果表明:两种造林模式恢复的近自然森林,随恢复进程其物种组成逐渐趋同,在十多年内已形成了落叶—常绿垂直混交结构;"异龄复层落叶—常绿混交林"造林模式可更好地促进常绿阔叶树种的恢复,尤其是常绿建群种红楠与小叶青冈。本研究证实了近自然森林恢复技术可以缩短亚热森林群落向演替后期发展的时间,以及新造林模式的有效性,为近自然森林技术的应用与实施提供了科学依据。