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71.
72.
Maja Bulatovi? ?alasan Oscar FC van den Bosch Marjonne CW Creemers Martijn Custers Antonius HM Heurkens Jan Maarten van Woerkom Nico M Wulffraat 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(6):R217
Introduction
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and behavioural symptoms occurring before (anticipatory/associative) and after methotrexate (MTX) administration, termed MTX intolerance, in rheumatoid (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods
Methotrexate Intolerance Severity Score (MISS), previously validated in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, was used to determine MTX intolerance prevalence in 291 RA/PsA patients. The MISS consisted of four domains: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and behavioural symptoms, occurring upon, prior to (anticipatory) and when thinking of MTX (associative). MTX intolerance was defined as ≥6 on the MISS with ≥1 point on anticipatory and/or associative and/or behavioural items.Results
A total of 123 patients (42.3%) experienced at least one gastrointestinal adverse effect. The prevalence of MTX intolerance was 11%. MTX intolerance prevalence was higher in patients on parenteral (20.6%) than on oral MTX (6.2%) (p < 0.001).Conclusion
Besides well-known gastrointestinal symptoms after MTX, RA and PsA patients experienced these symptoms also before MTX intake. RA and PsA patients on MTX should be closely monitored with the MISS for early detection of MTX intolerance, in order to intervene timely and avoid discontinuation of an effective treatment. 相似文献73.
The vast majority of extant birds possess highly differentiated Z and W sex chromosomes. Nucleotide sequence data from gametologs (homologs on opposite sex chromosomes) suggest that this divergence occurred throughout early bird evolution via stepwise cessation of recombination between identical sex chromosomal regions. Here, we investigated avian sex chromosome differentiation from a novel perspective, using retroposon insertions and random insertions/deletions for the reconstruction of gametologous gene trees. Our data confirm that the CHD1Z/CHD1W genes differentiated in the ancestor of the neognaths, whereas the NIPBLZ/NIPBLW genes diverged in the neoavian ancestor and independently within Galloanserae. The divergence of the ATP5A1Z/ATP5A1W genes in galloanserans occurred independently in the chicken, the screamer, and the ancestor of duck-related birds. In Neoaves, this gene pair differentiated in each of the six sampled representatives, respectively. Additionally, three of our investigated loci can be utilized as universal, easy-to-use independent tools for molecular sexing of Neoaves or Neognathae. 相似文献
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Structural relationship of human interferon alpha genes and pseudogenes 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
K. Henco J. Brosius A. Fujisawa J.-I. Fujisawa J.R. Haynes J. Hochstadt T. Kovacic M. Pasek A. Schamböck J. Schmid K. Todokoro M. Wälchli S. Nagata C. Weissmann 《Journal of molecular biology》1985,185(2):227-260
We have isolated and characterized DNA segments containing IFN-alpha-related sequences from human lambda and cosmid clone banks. We describe six linkage groups comprising 18 distinct IFN-alpha-related loci, and report the nucleotide sequences of nine chromosomal IFN-alpha-genes with intact reading frames, as well as of five pseudogenes. Taking into account as yet unsequenced genes as well as clones described by others, there are now seven linkage groups and 23 loci, of which 15 correspond to potentially functional genes and six to non-functional genes; two loci remain unsequenced. Eighteen additional sequences are likely to be allelic to the above. The finding that at least two IFN-alpha genes appear to be natural hybrids of other IFN-alpha genes, and that two distinct IFN-alpha loci have completely identical coding sequences, although their flanking regions are different, is evidence for information exchange between the individual genes. 相似文献
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78.
Frank C. Brosius III 《Experimental diabetes research》2003,4(4):225-233
The intent of this review is to focus on recent advances
in the understanding of the factors responsible for the progressive
pathologic features of diabetic kidney disease, with
special attention to various growth factors and cytokines
that appear to be important in this process. In addition,
emphasis is centered on relatively early stages of the disease,
because animal models have been most helpful to date
in understanding this stage of the disease process. Although
tubulointerstitial changes are of critical importance in the
progression of diabetic nephropathy, especially in the evolution
to end-stage renal disease, there is a general consensus
that glomerular pathology occurs first. Therefore, attention
is limited to factors that may be important in the development
of early diabetic glomerulopathy, including transforming
growth factor-beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth
factor (IGF)-I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). 相似文献
79.
Alexis C Edwards Liesbeth Zwarts Akihiko Yamamoto Patrick Callaerts Trudy FC Mackay 《BMC biology》2009,7(1):29
Background
Aggressive behavior in animals is important for survival and reproduction. Identifying the underlying genes and environmental contexts that affect aggressive behavior is important for understanding the evolutionary forces that maintain variation for aggressive behavior in natural populations, and to develop therapeutic interventions to modulate extreme levels of aggressive behavior in humans. While the role of neurotransmitters and a few other molecules in mediating and modulating levels of aggression is well established, it is likely that many additional genetic pathways remain undiscovered. Drosophila melanogaster has recently been established as an excellent model organism for studying the genetic basis of aggressive behavior. Here, we present the results of a screen of 170 Drosophila P-element insertional mutations for quantitative differences in aggressive behavior from their co-isogenic control line. 相似文献80.