小麦叶片β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的诱导、纯化与抗菌活性

三个小麦品种331、抗倒680和鲁麦23经氯化汞、水杨酸或核黄素处理后,叶片中的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均有不同程度的升高.氯化汞处理24h对品种331该酶活性的诱导作用最强.因此取用氯化汞处理24 h的331小麦叶片研磨得到粗酶液.将粗酶液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、Phenyl-Sepharose Fast Flow疏水层析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-100分子筛层析,得到了SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳谱带单一的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶样品.经SDS-PAGE(12%)和凝胶过滤层析,测得其分子量约为52.0～53.6 kD.抗菌试验测定显示,纯化的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶对供试的4种病原真菌的生长、孢子萌发或芽管伸长都有一定程度的抑制作用.     

人类新基因WDR70的克隆及初步研究

运用基于基因组数据库的特定基因同源新基因的克隆策略得到一个人类新基因WDR70 ,该基因编码一个包含 12个WD4 0结构域的蛋白。WDR70的cDNA序列长 2 2 6 6bp ,预测编码蛋白含 6 30个氨基酸 ,理论分子量为 70× 10 3 u ,染色体定位为 17p13.1。以小鼠胚胎为模型进行整体原位杂交 ,结果显示WDR70基因在 8.5d小鼠胚胎中没有表达 ,而在 9.5d和 10 .5d的小鼠胚胎的脑部有特异表达。由此推断该基因对胚胎期脑部的发育有重要的影响。     

分泌型磷脂酶PLA2G5的生物学功能及其抑制剂研究进展

分泌型磷脂酶PLA2G5属于磷脂酶A2超家族的一员,在免疫细胞和非免疫细胞中均有表达.研究表明,PLA2G5参与生物学事件的发生发展,在特定的病理条件下具有诱导作用.本文简要阐述了PLA2G5的来源、结构特征、生物学功能和在疾病中的作用,以及现有或潜在的PLA2G5抑制剂,以期探索基于PLA2G5的治疗新靶标.     

裕固族血脂异常人群肠道菌群结构特征分析

探究生活在相同环境下的同一民族血脂异常人群与健康人群的肠道菌群差异,为血脂异常的精准预防和治疗提供参考。

收集甘肃肃南县裕固族血脂异常人群和健康人群粪便样本,提取细菌总DNA,通过16S rDNA高通量测序和生物信息学技术,分析2组人群肠道菌群的差异。

裕固族健康组人群肠道菌群分属26个门,73个纲,169个目,301个科,709个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有22个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群分属29个门,75个纲,280个目,304个科,702个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有15个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群与健康组间拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门水平以及F/B比值存在显著差异,Р＜0.05的差异物种有5个,Subdoligranulum、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group及Dialister与血脂水平呈负相关,Lachnoclostridium、Parasutterella与血脂水平呈正相关。

肃南县裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群结构与健康组存在差异,为下一步关联分析肠道菌群与血脂异常及环境因素提供了基础数据。

     

The VNTR in complex disorders: The forgotten polymorphisms? A functional way forward?

In the last few years, research has focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the search for underlying genetic aetiology of complex disorders. This has been afforded by the rapid technological advancement to enable the interrogation of hundreds of thousands of SNPs in one assay via microarrays. However SNPs are only one form of genetic variation and in the midst of the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) explosion Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism exploration has seemingly been left behind. This review will argue that VNTR investigations still hold substantial potential for a role in complex disorders via possible functional properties.     

Functional Connectivity in MRI Is Driven by Spontaneous BOLD Events

Functional brain signals are frequently decomposed into a relatively small set of large scale, distributed cortical networks that are associated with different cognitive functions. It is generally assumed that the connectivity of these networks is static in time and constant over the whole network, although there is increasing evidence that this view is too simplistic. This work proposes novel techniques to investigate the contribution of spontaneous BOLD events to the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity as assessed by ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results show that: 1) spontaneous events in recognised brain networks contribute significantly to network connectivity estimates; 2) these spontaneous events do not necessarily involve whole networks or nodes, but clusters of voxels which act in concert, forming transiently synchronising sub-networks and 3) a task can significantly alter the number of localised spontaneous events that are detected within a single network. These findings support the notion that spontaneous events are the main driver of the large scale networks that are commonly detected by seed-based correlation and ICA. Furthermore, we found that large scale networks are manifestations of smaller, transiently synchronising sub-networks acting dynamically in concert, corresponding to spontaneous events, and which do not necessarily involve all voxels within the network nodes oscillating in unison.     

A Contiguous Clone Map over 3 Mb on the Long Arm of Chromosome 11 across a Balanced Translocation Associated with Schizophrenia

Forty-nine clones derived by microdissection of a schizophrenia-associated t(1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) breakpoint region have been assigned by somatic cell hybrid mapping to seven discrete intervals on the long arm of human chromosome 11. Eleven of the clones were shown to map to a small region immediately distal to the translocation breakpoint on 11q.A 3-Mb contiguous clone map of this region was established by isolation of corresponding YAC recombinants. The contig was oriented and shown to traverse the translocation breakpoint by FISH and microsatellite marker analysis. This contig will facilitate the isolation of candidate sequences whose expression may be affected by the translocation.     

Ultrastructural studies of the myenteric plexus and smooth muscle in organotypic cultures of the guinea-pig small intestine

External muscle and myenteric plexus from the small intestine of adult guinea-pigs were maintained in vitro for 3 or 6 days. Myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells from such organotypic cultures were examined at the electron-microscopic level. An intact basal lamina was found around the myenteric ganglia and internodal strands. Neuronal membranes, nuclei and subcellular organelles appeared to be well preserved in cultured tissues and ribosomes were abundant. Dogiel type-II neurons were distinguishable by their elongated electron-dense mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and high densities of ribosomes. Vesiculated nerve profiles contained combinations of differently shaped vesicles. Synaptic membrane specializations were found between vesiculated nerve profiles and nerve processes and cell bodies. The majority of nerve fibres were well preserved in the myenteric ganglia, in internodal strands and in bundles running between circular muscle cells. No detectable changes were found in the ultrastructure of the somata and processes of glial cells. Longitudinal and circular muscle cells from cultured tissue had clearly defined membranes with some close associations with neighbouring muscle cells. Caveolae occurred in rows that ran parallel to the long axis of the muscle cells. These results indicate that the ultrastructural features of enteric neurons and smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine are well preserved in organotypic culture.     

The Proton Permeability of Liposomes Made from Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Phospholipids: Comparison with Isolated Mitochondria

Unilamellar liposomes with native phospholipid fatty acid composition were prepared from rat liver mitochondrial inner membrane phospholipids by extrusion in medium containing 50 mm potassium. They were diluted into low potassium medium to establish a transmembrane potassium gradient. A known membrane potential was imposed by addition of valinomycin, and proton flux into liposomes was measured. Valinomycin in the range 10 pm–1nm was sufficient to fully establish membrane potential. Valinomycin concentrations above 3 nm catalyzed additional proton flux and were avoided. At 300 pm valinomycin, proton flux depended nonlinearly on membrane potential. At 160 mV membrane potential the flux was 30 nmol H⁺/min/mg phospholipid—approximately 5% of the proton leak flux under comparable conditions in isolated mitochondria, indicating that leak pathways through bulk phospholipid bilayer account for only a small proportion of total mitochondrial proton leak. Received: 5 August 1996/Revised: 1 October 1996