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排序方式: 共有263条查询结果,搜索用时 990 毫秒
241.
Neugebauer M Walders B Brinkman M Ruehland C Schumacher T Bertling WM Geuther E Reiser CO Reichel C Strich S Hess J 《Biotechnology journal》2006,1(12):1435-1446
Highly immunogenic capsomers (pentamers) and virus-like particles (VLPs) were generated through insertion of foreign B cell epitopes into the surface-exposed loops of the VP1 protein of murine polyomavirus and via heterologous expression of the recombinant fusion proteins in E. coli. Usually, complex proteins like the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) act as standard carrier devices for the display of such immunogenic peptides after chemical linkage. Here, a comparative analysis revealed that antibody responses raised against the carrier entities, KLH or VP1 pentamers, did not significantly differ up to 18 weeks, demonstrating the highly immunogenic nature of VP1-based particulate structures. The carrier-specific antibody response was reproducibly detected in the meat juice after processing. More importantly, chimeric VP1 pentamers and VLPs carrying peptides of 12 and 14 amino acids in length, inserted into the BC2 loop, induced a strong and long-lasting humoral immune response against VP1 and the inserted foreign epitope. Remarkably, the epitope-specific antibody response was only moderately decreased when VP1 pentamers were used instead of VLPs. In conclusion, we identified polyomavirus VP1-based structures displaying surface-exposed immunodominant B cell epitopes as being an efficient carrier system for the induction of potent peptide-specific antibodies. The application of this approach in vaccine marker technology in livestock holding and the meat production chain is discussed. 相似文献
242.
M Vaudin A Roopra L Hillier R Brinkman J Sulston R K Wilson R H Waterston 《Nucleic acids research》1995,23(4):670-674
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) provide a powerful way to isolate and map large regions of genomic DNA and their use in genome analysis is now extensive. We modified a series of procedures to produce high quality shotgun libraries from small amounts of YAC DNA. Clones from several different libraries have been sequenced and analyzed for distribution, sequence integrity and degree of contamination from yeast DNA. We describe these procedures and analyses and show that sequencing at about 1-fold coverage, followed by database comparison (survey sequencing) offers a relatively quick method to determine the nature of previously uncharacterized cosmid or YAC clones. 相似文献
243.
W. I. J. DIELEMAN S. LUYSSAERT A. REY P. DE ANGELIS C. V. M. BARTON M. S. J. BROADMEADOW S. B. BROADMEADOW K. S. CHIGWEREWE M. CROOKSHANKS E. DUFRÊNE P. G. JARVIS A. KASURINEN S. KELLOMÄKI V. LE DANTEC M. LIBERLOO M. MAREK B. MEDLYN R. POKORNÝ G. SCARASCIA‐MUGNOZZA V. M. TEMPERTON D. TINGEY O. URBAN R. CEULEMANS I. A. JANSSENS 《Plant, cell & environment》2010,33(12):2001-2011
Under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, soil carbon (C) inputs are typically enhanced, suggesting larger soil C sequestration potential. However, soil C losses also increase and progressive nitrogen (N) limitation to plant growth may reduce the CO2 effect on soil C inputs with time. We compiled a data set from 131 manipulation experiments, and used meta‐analysis to test the hypotheses that: (1) elevated atmospheric CO2 stimulates soil C inputs more than C losses, resulting in increasing soil C stocks; and (2) that these responses are modulated by N. Our results confirm that elevated CO2 induces a C allocation shift towards below‐ground biomass compartments. However, the increased soil C inputs were offset by increased heterotrophic respiration (Rh), such that soil C content was not affected by elevated CO2. Soil N concentration strongly interacted with CO2 fumigation: the effect of elevated CO2 on fine root biomass and –production and on microbial activity increased with increasing soil N concentration, while the effect on soil C content decreased with increasing soil N concentration. These results suggest that both plant growth and microbial activity responses to elevated CO2 are modulated by N availability, and that it is essential to account for soil N concentration in C cycling analyses. 相似文献
244.
245.
S. J. Weeks A. Bakun C. R. Steinberg R. Brinkman O. Hoegh-Guldberg 《Coral reefs (Online)》2010,29(4):975-985
This study focuses on a mesoscale eddy feature, the ‘Capricorn Eddy’, that typically forms within an indentation of the continental
shelf in the southern GBR system. Satellite data at moderate resolution (1 km) are used to examine relevant mesoscale and
sub-mesoscale sea surface dynamics. Available in situ measurements and model data are used to validate the satellite observations
and to specify the nature of the processes occurring within the water column itself. The characteristic features are identified
and physical theory employed to develop an understanding of associated processes. In particular, the effect of the eddy in
raising cooler, nutrient-enriched oceanic subsurface water and transporting it to the reef zone, and eventually into the lagoon,
is shown. This study demonstrates that the linkages between large-scale oceanography and the meso- and sub-mesoscale patterns
are crucial to determining biologic responses on the scale of reef communities and may be key to understanding climate change
impacts at the relevant spatial scales. 相似文献
246.
247.
E. S. Mc Donough Ph. D. Lucille K. Georg Ph. D. Libero Ajello Ph. D. Sherry Brinkman 《Mycopathologia》1960,13(2):113-120
Summary Studies of 24 strains ofBlastomyces dermatitidis confirmed previously published results that the yeast-phase of this fungus is more sensitive than the mycelial-phase to cycloheximide and chloramphenicol.Studies of 5 strains each ofHistoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis andSporotrichum schenckii show that that these species also have a similar yeast-phase mycelial -phase sensitivity differential in regard to these antibiotics.A cycloheximide resistant strain ofB. dermatitidis was developed from a sensitive strain.The experimental results support the general practice of using 0.5 mg/ml cycloheximide and 0.05 mg/ml chloramphenicol in media for the isolation of the four fungi at 25° C. The results indicate, however, that some strains would not be recovered at 37° C with similar concentrations of these antibiotics.It is recommended that a concentration of not more than 0.2 mg/ml chloramphenicol should be used to preserve sputum which is subsequently to be cultured forB. dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis orS. schenckii. 相似文献
248.
Voskamp KE; Noorman N; Mastebroek HA; Van Schoot NE; Den Otter CJ 《Chemical senses》1998,23(5):521-530
Spike trains from individual antennal olfactory cells of tsetse flies
(Glossina spp.) obtained during steady-state conditions (spontaneous as
well as during stimulation with 1-octen-3-ol) and dynamic stimulation with
repetitive pulses of 1-octen-3-ol were investigated by studying the spike
frequency and the temporal structure of the trains. In general, stimulation
changes the intensity of the spike activity but leaves the underlying
stochastic structure unaffected. This structure turns out to be a renewal
process. The only independently varying parameter in this process is the
mean interspike interval length, suggesting that olfactory cells of tsetse
flies may transmit information via a frequency coding. In spike records
with high firing rates, however, the stationary records had significant
negative first- order serial correlation coefficients and were non-renewal.
Some cells in this study were capable of precisely encoding the onset of
the odour pulses at frequencies up to at least 3 Hz. Cells with a rapid
return to pre-stimulus activity at the end of stimulation responded more
adequately to pulsed stimuli than cells with a long increased spike
frequency. While short-firing cells process information via a frequency
code, long-firing cells responded with two distinctive phases: a phasic,
non-renewal response and a tonic, renewal response which may function as a
memory of previous stimulations.
相似文献
249.
Deyang Yu Nicole E. Richardson Cara L. Green Alexandra B. Spicer Michaela E. Murphy Victoria Flores Cholsoon Jang Ildiko Kasza Maria Nikodemova Matthew H. Wakai Jay L. Tomasiewicz Shany E. Yang Blake R. Miller Heidi H. Pak Jacqueline A. Brinkman Jennifer M. Rojas William J. Quinn Eunhae P. Cheng Dudley W. Lamming 《Cell metabolism》2021,33(5):905-922.e6
250.
The hind limb step cycle of Iguana is described and compared with other lizards. In generalized lizards with well developed limbs, the femur retracts through a large arc and rotates as it retracts, flexion of the crus on the metatarsus occurs during the initial part of the propulsive phase and extension of the knee and ankle during the final part, the crus rotates to face laterally, the metatarsus is laterally directed at the time of pedal plantarflexion, and pedal plantarflexion involves an initial rotation of the metatarsus around its long axis followed by an extension of the ankle joint. The evolutionary significance of the differences in the hind limb step cycle of lizards and salamanders is considered and it is shown that in many, but not all, features, primitive reptiles would have been like salamanders. The primitive step cycle differs from the mammalian pattern in the large amount of rotation of the limb segments, the large amount of femoral retraction, and the reduced amount of lateral movement of the hip relative to the knee that occurs during femoral retraction. 相似文献