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891.
A minimal requirement to initiate a comparative genomics study on plant responses to abiotic stresses is a dataset of orthologous sequences. The availability of a large amount of sequence information, including those derived from stress cDNA libraries allow for the identification of stress related genes and orthologs associated with the stress response. Orthologous sequences serve as tools to explore genes and their relationships across species. For this purpose, ESTs from stress cDNA libraries across 16 crop species including 6 important cereal crops and 10 dicots were systematically collated and subjected to bioinformatics analysis such as clustering, grouping of tentative orthologous sets, identification of protein motifs/patterns in the predicted protein sequence, and annotation with stress conditions, tissue/library source and putative function. All data are available to the scientific community at http://intranet.icrisat.org/gt1/tog/homepage.htm. We believe that the availability of annotated plant abiotic stress ortholog sets will be a valuable resource for researchers studying the biology of environmental stresses in plant systems, molecular evolution and genomics. 相似文献
892.
Sharanagouda S. Patil Rajamani Shinduja Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh Sulekha Phukan Sachin Kumar Pinaki Prasad Sengupta Raghavendra G. Amachawadi Ashwin Raut Parimal Roy Asad Syed Najat Marraiki Abdallah M. Elgorban Helal F. Al-Harthi Ali H. Bahkali Chandan Shivamallu Kollur Shiva Prasad 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(9):5131-5144
The Indian poultry industry is one of the fast-growing sectors of which duck farming plays an important role. Duck population in India is 33.51 million that is concentrated towards north-east and southern parts of the country who rears mainly for eggs and meat. Duck diseases are of great concern as they badly affect the financial status of the small, landless farmers. Databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, J gate were used to search articles between 2000 and 2019 that showed the prevalence of viral, bacterial, and parasitic duck diseases. R open source software was used to derive forest plots by statistical analysis. Pooled prevalence estimates of duck diseases worldwide was found to be 20% (95%-CI:15–26). Also, continent-wise analysis of all duck diseases has revealed highest prevalence in North America, followed by Asia, Africa, Europe,Oceania and South America. This prevalence of data would be helpful to the policymakers to develop appropriate intervention strategies to prevent and control diseases in their respective locations. 相似文献
893.
894.
Mountain biodiversity conservation and management: a paradigm shift in policies and practices in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mountains occupy 24% of the global land surface area and are home to 12% of the world’s population. They have ecological,
aesthetic, and socioeconomic significance, not only for people living in mountain areas, but for those living beyond. Mountains
need specific attention for their contribution to global goods and services, especially by developing and implementing mountain
specific policies. Conservation policies have evolved from the protection of charismatic species, to habitat and ecosystem/landscape
conservation, and, finally, to people-oriented conservation approaches. This paper, with particular reference to paradigm
shifts in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region, discusses the evolution of conservation policies, developments in conservation
practices, the status of protected area management, wetland conservation initiatives and the landscape approach, community-based
conservation initiatives, and the convergence of policies and practices. In the HKH region, conservation efforts now adopt
participatory approaches, implement policies of decentralised governance for biodiversity management, and empower local communities
in biodiversity management. The paradigm shift in the policies and practices related to conservation has been gradual and
has included the acceptance of communities as an integral part of national level conservation initiatives, together with the
integration of many global conventions. There are many successful pilots in the HKH region that deserve upscaling by the countries
from the region. Realising the importance of mountains as hotspots of biodiversity, and due to their role as providers of
global goods and services, the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the Programme of Work on Mountain Biodiversity.
Such a decision specific to mountains provides enormous opportunities for both conservation and development. Recent challenges
posed by climate change need to be integrated into overall biodiversity conservation and management agendas, especially in
mountain areas. The HKH region has been identified as a blank spot for data by the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change,
indicating the need to develop regional database and sharing mechanisms. This is a tall task, but one that holds enormous
opportunity for the HKH countries and institutions with regional mandates to address the emerging challenges of climate change
on biodiversity conservation by reducing scientific uncertainty. 相似文献
895.
Ranju Kumari Seema Bansal Garima Gupta Shvetambri Arora Ajit Kumar Sanjay Goel Prabhjot Singh Prija Ponnan Nivedita Priya Tapesh K. Tyagi Anil S. Baghel Sushma Manral Rashmi Tandon Rini Joshi Vishwajeet Rohil Marco Gaspari Ekta Kohli Yogesh K. Tyagi Bilikere S. Dwarakanath Daman Saluja Suvro Chatterji Sunil K. Sharma Ashok K. Prasad Ramesh C. Rastogi Hanumantharao G. Raj Virinder S. Parmar 《Biochimie》2010
Our earlier investigations have identified a unique enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) termed Acetoxy Drug: Protein Transacetylase (TAase) catalyzing the transfer of acetyl group from polyphenolic acetates (PA) to certain receptor proteins (RP). An elegant assay procedure for TAase was developed based on the inhibition of glutathione S-transferase (GST) due to acetylation by a model acetoxycoumarin, 7, 8-Diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DAMC). TAase purified from various mammalian tissue microsomes to homogeneity exhibited a molecular weight (M.wt) of 55 kDa. Further, by N-terminal sequencing TAase was identified as Calreticulin (CR), a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein in ER lumen. The identity of TAase with CR was evidenced by proteomics studies such as immunoreactivity with anti-CR antibody and mass spectrometry. This function of CR was termed Calreticulin transacetylase (CRTAase). CRTAase was also found to mediate the transfer of acetyl group from DAMC to RP such as NADPH Cytochrome c Reductase (CYPR) and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). The autoacetylation of purified human placental CRTAase concomitant with the acetylation of RP by DAMC was observed. CRTAase activity was found to be inhibited by Ca2+. Our investigations on the individual domains (N, P and C) of CR from a nematode Haemonchus contortus revealed that the P-domain alone was found to possess CRTAase activity. Based on the observation that the autoacetylated CR was a stable intermediate in the CRTAase catalyzed protein acetylation by PA, a putative mechanism was proposed. Further, CRTAase was also found capable of transferring propionyl group from a propoxy derivative of polyphenol, 7,8-Dipropoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DPMC) to RP and concomitant autopropionylation of CR was encountered. Hence, CRTAase was assigned the general term Calreticulin Transacylase. Also, CRTAase was found to act upon the biological acyl group donors, acetyl CoA and propionyl CoA. CRTAase mediated modulation of specific functional proteins by way of acylation was exploited to elicit the biological applications of PA. 相似文献
896.
897.
Fausta Natella Bénédicte Lorrain Ashok K. Prasad Virinder S. Parmar Luciano Saso Cristina Scaccini 《Biochimie》2010
The antioxidant activity of eight synthetic 4-methylcoumarins was systematically studied. The antioxidant capacity was measured using: (i) a competition kinetic test, to measure the relative capacity to quench peroxyl radical; (ii) the in vitro oxidative modification of human low-density lipoprotein, initiated by AAPH or catalyzed by copper. In both models, the ortho-OH substitutes were found to be better antioxidant than the meta one. The most efficient antioxidant was the 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and the corresponding diacetoxy-substituted was unexpectedly a good antioxidant. Finally, the presence of an ethoxycarbonylethyl substituent at the C-3 position increased the antioxidant capacity of both 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin. 相似文献
898.
Maneb and paraquat-induced modulation of toxicant responsive genes in the rat liver: comparison with polymorphonuclear leukocytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ahmad I Shukla S Kumar A Singh BK Patel DK Pandey HP Singh C 《Chemico-biological interactions》2010,188(3):566-579
Experimental studies have shown that toxicant responsive genes, cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a critical role in pesticide-induced toxicity. CYPs play pro-oxidant role and GSTs offer protection in maneb (MB) and paraquat (PQ)-induced brain and lung toxicities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated exposures of MB and/or PQ on lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione content (GSH) and toxicant responsive genes, i.e., CYP1A1, 1A2, 2E1, GSTA4-4, GSTA1-1 and GSTA3-3 in the liver and to correlate the same with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). A significant augmentation in LPO and reduction in GSH content was observed in a time of exposure dependent manner in the liver and PMNs of MB and/or PQ treated animals. The expression and catalytic activity of CYP2E1 and GSTA4-4 were significantly increased following MB and/or PQ exposure both in the liver and PMNs. Although the expression of GSTA3-3 was increased, the expression of GSTA1-1 was unaltered after MB and/or PQ treatment in both the liver and PMNs. MB augmented the expression and catalytic activity of CYP1A1 in the liver, however, CYP1A2 was unaffected. PQ, on the other hand, significantly increased hepatic CYP1A2 expression and catalytic activity. MB and/or PQ did not produce any significant changes in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in PMNs. The results of the study thus demonstrate that MB and PQ differentially regulate hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 while LPO, GSH, CYP2E1, GSTA4-4 and GSTA3-3 are modulated in the similar fashions both in the liver and PMNs. 相似文献
899.
900.