Sp1蛋白锌指结构域及其模拟物的合成及与寡聚核苷酸结合能力的研究

用固相多肽合成方法首次合成转录因子Sp1的第2个锌指Sp1-ZF2及其突变体Sp1-ZF2/HT(E²⁰→H,R²³→T),模拟物ZF20和ZF15.CD谱及Co(Ⅱ)UV-可见光谱研究表明:当缺少足够的疏水氨基酸以及Cys与His距离改变时,锌指结构的形成将受到影响.凝胶阻滞电泳研究表明:突变的两位置显著影响特异识别.单个锌指肽可以与特异性寡聚核苷酸序列结合.     

我国第2次空间蛋白质晶体生长实验

1994年7月,在我国返回式卫星FSW-2上进行了第2次空间蛋白质结晶实验.该次实验中的晶体生长状况明显优于首次空间实验结果,参加实验的10种蛋白质中有9种蛋白质在空间长出了晶体,48个样品的单晶产生率达70％以上.其中3种蛋白质在空间长出较大单晶体,能用于X射线衍射实验和收集强度数据.这3种蛋白质中,除了在首次空间实验中长出较大晶体的溶菌酶,还有由于结晶条件优化而结晶效果明显改进的酸性磷脂酶A₂和斑头雁氧合血红蛋白.微重力条件对蛋白质晶体生长的良好效应在本次实验中得到进一步证实.     

腺苷酸激酶的脲激活及构象变化

用紫外吸收、圆二色、ANS结合外源荧光和小角X 射线散射等方法研究了腺苷酸激酶 (AK)的脲变性去折叠过程 .实验发现 :低浓度脲对酶有激活作用 ,最大激活的脲浓度是 1mol/L ;伴随着激活 ,酶分子的二级结构发生了微小的变化 ,但此时观察不到其整体结构的明显变化 .对照分析AK的晶体结构和催化反应机制 ,激活作用被认为是低浓度脲增加了酶分子活性部位的柔性 .AK与ANS结合荧光与脲浓度关系的研究支持了上述推论     

No evidence of past bottlenecks in two Danish mustelids: results of craniometric and genetic studies in time and space

A craniometric and molecular genetic investigation was conducted in Danish stoat (Mustela erminea) and weasel (Mustela nivalis) populations. Specimens used were collected over a wide time span (stoat: 1864–2002; weasel: 1863–1990) and from several geographical regions (Jutland peninsula and the two islands of Funen and Zealand). The study was made with a temporal and a spatial perspective, allowing the estimation of differences in genetic diversity and craniometrical trait means between geographical regions and through time with the use of ancient DNA techniques. Univariate statistics of 11 trait lengths did not reveal geographical differentiation in size and shape among the different regions for the stoat, but a geographical differentiation in shape was found for the weasel. There was evidence for reductions in skull size with the year of collection in male stoats, but not in females, which suggests that some selective pressures or environmental factors have affected male stoats to a greater extent than female stoats and the weasel. Relatively high values of heterozygosity were found in both the stoat and weasel, using microsatellite markers. The level of genetic variability of the stoat collected recently was compared with the level of genetic variability in the historical samples, demonstrating that the stoat has not suffered severe loss of genetic variability through the investigated period. A comparison of recent and historical genetic variability of the weasel was not possible because the ancient DNA extracted from the weasels was too degraded. Pairwise F_ST values and assignment tests showed small but significant genetic differentiation between the different geographical regions for both the stoat and weasel. No genetic differentiation between the recent and historical samples of the stoat was found. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 88 , 541–553.     

马鞍菌属新种和新记录(一)

有关马鞍菌属 Helvella 的历史,属种概念以及中国已知种的检索表已作过报道(刘波等,1985)。本文描述了近年来采到的两个新种:粘马鞍菌 Helvella glutinosa sp.nov.和伞形马鞍菌 H.galeriformis sp.nov.;四个新记录:白柄马鞍菌 H.albellu Quél.,小马鞍菌H.helvellula(Dur.et Mont.)Dissing,乳白马鞍菌 H.lactea Boud.和脉马鞍菌 H.phlebo-phora Pat.et Doass.。此外,斑点马鞍菌 H.maculata Weber 虽已作过报道和描述(李静丽等,1986),然而由于它是一个非常具特征性的种,而且有一限制的地理分布,因此本文也对它进行了更充分的描述和讨论。     

Effects of predation on clutch size and egg dispersion in the codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella

ABSTRACT.

• 1 The effects of predation on clutch size and egg dispersion in the codling moth Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) were experimentally studied in an orchard by recording survival of eggs glued onto different substrates.
• 2 Egg mortality due to sucking insects was readily distinguishable from that due to chewing insects.
• 3 In both the field and laboratory, females preferred to deposit eggs singly on the uppersides of leaves.
• 4 Eggs on the uppersides of leaves and on fruit survived significantly better than did those on the undersides of leaves or on twigs.
• 5 Egg losses were highest during the early part of the flight season.
• 6 The smallest (one egg) and largest (nine eggs) clutches, associated with one egg-bearing leaf per twig, both suffered the lowest rates of predation. Factors selecting against oviposition on fruits and production of large clutch sizes are presented and discussed.

     

稀土元素钬对蚕豆的细胞毒性和遗传毒性研究

运用氧化钬与稀硝酸反应制备结晶,以去离子水溶解并且稀释成梯度溶液,对蚕豆根尖染毒6 h,分别修复培养22h和24h,观察根尖变化,统计微核率、染色体畸变率及有丝分裂指数。结果表明,4mg/L（以氧化钬质量体积浓度计）以下剂量对根尖生长具有促进作用;随着浓度的递增,微核率、染色体畸变率逐步上升,有丝分裂指数逐步下降,表现出明显的剂量-效应关系,说明稀土元素钬具有一定的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。同时,不同修复组在微核率、染色体畸变率及有丝分裂指数上也存在一定差异,表现为微核率22h修复组低于24 h 修复组,而染色体畸变率和分裂指数均高于24h修复组。微核检测应在染色体畸变检测之后进行。      

油菜与紫云英间混作系统的生理生态效应

采用7种耕种方式研究油菜与紫云英间混作系统中油菜生长发育、产量形成及其效益.结果表明,育苗移栽油菜的株高、叶片大小、根颈粗、开盘度以及产量指标均明显优于免耕直播油菜;与紫云英混作的免耕直播油菜,各形态指标均优于免耕直播间作和单作油菜.耕翻后与紫云英混作的育苗移栽油菜产量比免耕直播单作油菜增产11.9%;与紫云英混作的免耕育苗移栽油菜产量与免耕直播单作相近.耕翻后与紫云英混作的育苗移栽油菜产值和效益最大,免耕直播油菜单作其次.结合产投比和土地当量比,耕翻后与紫云英混作育苗移栽油菜和与紫云英混作免耕育苗移栽油菜两种方式综合效益最高,增产增收,增加有机肥源,提高土壤肥力.     

昆虫杆状病毒系统表达口蹄疫病毒3ABC基因

以O型口蹄疫病毒为研究对象,经过RT-PCP扩增得到非结构蛋白3ABC基因,克隆到转移载体pFastbacHT,将其转入含穿梭载体Bacmid的DH10Bac,与Bacmid发生位点特异性转座作用,得到3ABC的重组穿梭载体Bacmid-3ABC,再将其转染昆虫细胞Hi Five.PCR鉴定证实3ABC基因正确地插入到病毒基因组的多角体蛋白基因启动子下游,经过SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,3ABC基因在昆虫细胞中表达了大小约为50kDa的蛋白条带,3ABC基因在Bac-to-Bac系统中的成功表达为建立以基因工程产品为抗原、鉴别诊断自然感染和免疫动物的方法提供了技术条件.     

Mutational analysis of interaction between coat protein and helper component-proteinase of Soybean mosaic virus involved in aphid transmission

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus , is transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner. It has been well documented that the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) plays a role as a 'bridge' between virion particles and aphid stylets in the aphid transmission of potyviruses. Several motifs, including the KITC and PTK motifs on HC-Pro and the DAG motif on the coat protein (CP), have been found to be involved in aphid transmission. Previously, we have shown strong interaction between SMV CP and HC-Pro in a yeast two-hybrid system (YTHS). In this report, we further analysed this CP–HC-Pro interaction based on YTHS and an in vivo binding assay to identify crucial amino acid residues for this interaction. Through this genetic approach, we identified two additional amino acid residues (H256 on CP and R455 on HC-Pro), as well as G12 on the DAG motif, crucial for the CP–HC-Pro interaction. We introduced mutations into the identified residues using an SMV infectious clone and showed that these mutations affected the efficiency of aphid transmission of SMV. We also investigated the involvement of the PTK and DAG motifs in the CP–HC-Pro interaction and aphid transmission of SMV. Our results support the concept that physical interaction between CP and HC-Pro is important for potyviral aphid transmission. Based on the combination of our current results with previous findings, the possibility that aphid transmission may be regulated by more complex molecular interactions than the simple involvement of HC-Pro as a bridge is discussed.