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61.
Miller MM Bacon LD Hala K Hunt HD Ewald SJ Kaufman J Zoorob R Briles WE 《Immunogenetics》2004,56(4):261-279
The first standard nomenclature for the chicken (Gallus gallus) major histocompatibility (B) complex published in 1982 describing chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variability is being revised to include subsequent findings. Considerable progress has been made in identifying the genes that define this polymorphic region. Allelic sequences for MHC genes are accumulating at an increasing rate without a standard system of nomenclature in place. The recommendations presented here were derived in workshops held during International Society of Animal Genetics and Avian Immunology Research Group meetings. A nomenclature for B and Y (Rfp-Y) loci and alleles has been developed that can be applied to existing and newly defined haplotypes including recombinants. A list of the current standard B haplotypes is provided with reference stock, allele designations, and GenBank numbers for corresponding MHC class I and class II sequences. An updated list of proposed names for B recombinant haplotypes is included, as well as a list of over 17 Y haplotypes designated to date. 相似文献
62.
Muneki?HotomiEmail author Jun?Yuasa David?E.?Briles Noboru?Yamanaka 《Folia microbiologica》2016,61(5):375-383
Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important initial step for the subsequent development of pneumococcal infections. Pneumococci have many virulence factors that play a role in colonization. Pneumolysin (PLY), a pivotal pneumococcal virulence factor for invasive disease, causes severe tissue damage and inflammation with disruption of epithelial tight junctions. In this study, we evaluated the role of PLY in nasal colonization of S. pneumoniae using a mouse colonization model. A reduction of numbers of PLY-deficient pneumococci recovered from nasal tissue, as well as nasal wash, was observed at days 1 and 2 post-intranasal challenges, but not later. The findings strongly support an important role for PLY in the initial establishment nasal colonization. PLY-dependent invasion of local nasal mucosa may be required to establish nasal colonization with S. pneumoniae. The data help provide a rationale to explain why an organism that exists as an asymptomatic colonizer has evolved virulence factors that enable it to occasionally invade and kill its hosts. Thus, the same pneumococcal virulence factor, PLY that can contribute to killing the host, may also play a role early in the establishment of nasopharynx carriage. 相似文献
63.
Circulating parasite antigen(s) in lymphatic filariasis: use of monoclonal antibodies to phosphocholine for immunodiagnosis 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
R B Lal R S Paranjape D E Briles T B Nutman E A Ottesen 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1987,138(10):3454-3460
Hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against a 200 kD antigen found circulating in the sera of microfilaremic patients infected with Wuchereria bancrofti were obtained by immunizing mice with a partially purified antigen preparation. A sensitive MAb (CA101)-based ELISA for measuring circulating parasite antigen was capable of detecting antigen in the sera of 93% of patients with microfilaremia, 46% of those with lymphatic obstruction, and 56% of patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome. Circulating antigen was absent from sera of normal controls, and "false positives" were recorded in only two of 17 patients with nonfilarial helminth infections. By ELISA and immunoblot analysis, it was shown that three of the monoclonals raised to this 200 kD antigen were directed to epitopes of phosphocholine (PC). Two MAb (CA86, CA101) were identified as having the T15 idiotype previously associated with antibodies to the PC of pneumococcal teichoic acid; one was untypeable. All three of these anti-PC MAb reacted with adult, microfilaria, and larval antigen preparations, and by immunoblotting showed multiple banding patterns that indicated the presence of PC determinants on many different antigenic molecules. On the other hand, target antigens of CA101 which were found in the circulation of infected patients were limited to three species with apparent m.w. of 200, 160, and 78 kD. The 200 kD antigen was seen more frequently than the other two antigens. Other T15 anti-PC MAb derived from mice not immunized with filarial antigen showed similar patterns of reactivity with circulating filarial antigen. 相似文献
64.
Antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes for White Leghorn chickens differing in haplotypes of the major histocompatibility complex (B) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E A Dunnington A Martin R W Briles W E Briles W B Gross P B Siegel 《Animal genetics》1989,20(2):213-216
Lines of White Leghorn chickens were developed by selection for high (HA) or low (LA) antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and then backcrossed to provide individuals segregating for haplotypes B13 and B21 of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) within each selected line. Although antibody response to SRBC was consistently higher in background genome HA than LA, there was a significant interaction between background genome and MHC haplotypes. The interaction resulted from higher antibody response in B13/B21 individuals of line HA and in B21/B21 individuals of line LA. Thus, response to SRBC was dependent on particular haplotype combinations present at the MHC as well as the background genome in which they were expressed. 相似文献
65.
Susceptibility to erbB-induced erythroblastosis is a dominant trait of 151 chickens. 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
H L Robinson B D Miles D E Catalano W E Briles L B Crittenden 《Journal of virology》1985,55(3):617-622
Rous-associated virus-1 (RAV-1)-induced erythroblastosis results from proviral insertions into or viral transductions of the c-erbB region of the epidermal growth factor gene. Most chickens develop low incidences (less than 5%) of RAV-1-induced erythroblastosis. However, an inbred line of chickens (151) suffers high incidences (approximately 80%) of RAV-1-induced erythroblastosis. Analysis of 151, K28, and (K28 X 151) X K28 chickens for susceptibility to RAV-1-induced erythroblastosis revealed that susceptibility to RAV-1-induced erythroblastosis is a dominant trait of line 151 chickens. Analysis of 151 X K28 and K28 chicks for susceptibility to the induction of erythroblastosis by two new c-erbB-transducing viruses (avian erythroblastosis virus strains AEV-5005 and AEV-5009) revealed that susceptibility to transformation by new c-erbB-transducing viruses is also a dominant trait of 151 chickens. We think it is likely that both of these dominant traits are encoded by the same gene or genes. Our hypothesis is that this gene (or genes) potentiates the ability of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the epidermal growth factor receptor to transform cells. 相似文献
66.
Influence of different B-complex recombinants on the outcome of Rous sarcomas in chickens 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Seven major histocompatibility (B) complex recombinants were evaluated for anti-Rous sarcoma response. In experiment 1, the BR5(F21-G19) recombinant haplotype both homozygous and in heterozygous combinations with B19 and B21 haplotypes were compared to B19/B19 and B21/B21 chickens to determine the relative influence of the BF versus BG chromosomal segments on regression of Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumours. In experiment 2, six recombinant haplotypes BR1(F24-G23), BR2(F2-G23), BR3(F2-G23), BR4(F2-G23), BR6(F21-G23) and BR8(F2-G2a,23) present in chickens heterozygous for normal haplotypes B19, B23 or B26 were compared for anti-sarcoma response. A total of 1328 chickens were blood typed for B alloanti-gens at 17 days of age, inoculated in the wingweb with Rous sarcoma virus at 6 weeks and monitored for anti-tumour immune response over a 10-week period. Genotypes which shared the same BF haplotype, but differed in their BG regions, had similar anti-tumour responses, implicating the BF but not the BG region in tumour regression. Chickens carrying BF2 or BF21 had a strong anti-tumour response, while BF24 conferred a weaker response, regardless of the accompanying normal haplotype. 相似文献
67.
Cynthia CH Khoo Joseph Piper Irma Sanchez-Vargas Ken E Olson Alexander WE Franz 《BMC microbiology》2010,10(1):130
Background
The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway acts as an innate antiviral immune response in Aedes aegypti, modulating arbovirus infection of mosquitoes. Sindbis virus (SINV; family: Togaviridae, genus: Alphavirus) is an arbovirus that infects Ae. aegypti in the laboratory. SINV strain TR339 encounters a midgut escape barrier (MEB) during infection of Ae. aegypti. The nature of this barrier is not well understood. To investigate the role of the midgut as the central organ determining vector competence for arboviruses, we generated transgenic mosquitoes in which the RNAi pathway was impaired in midgut tissue of bloodfed females. We used these mosquitoes to reveal effects of RNAi impairment in the midgut on SINV replication, midgut infection and dissemination efficiencies, and mosquito longevity. 相似文献68.
Muneki Hotomi Akihisa Togawa Masamitsu Kono Yorihiko Ikeda Shin Takei Susan K. Hollingshead David E. Briles Kenji Suzuki Noboru Yamanaka 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
The protection against pneumococcal infections provided by currently available pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are restricted to the limited number of the serotypes included in the vaccine. In the present study, we evaluated the distribution of the pneumococcal capsular type and surface protein A (PspA) family of pneumococcal isolates from upper respiratory tract infections in Japan.Methods
A total of 251 S. pneumoniae isolates from patients seeking treatment for upper respiratory tract infections were characterized for PspA family, antibiotic resistance and capsular type.Results
Among the 251 pneumococci studied, the majority (49.4%) was identified as belonging to PspA family 2, while most of the remaining isolates (44.6%) belonged to family 1. There were no significant differences between the distributions of PspA1 versus PspA2 isolates based on the age or gender of the patient, source of the isolates or the isolates’ susceptibilities to penicillin G. In contrast, the frequency of the mefA gene presence and of serotypes 15B and 19F were statistically more common among PspA2 strains.Conclusion
The vast majority of pneumococci isolated from the middle ear fluids, nasal discharges/sinus aspirates or pharyngeal secretions represented PspA families 1 and 2. Capsular serotypes were generally not exclusively associated with certain PspA families, although some capsular types showed a much higher proportion of either PspA1 or PspA2. A PspA-containing vaccine would potentially provide high coverage against pneumococcal infectious diseases because it would be cross-protective versus invasive disease with the majority of pneumococci infecting children and adults. 相似文献69.
70.
Fukuyama Y King JD Kataoka K Kobayashi R Gilbert RS Hollingshead SK Briles DE Fujihashi K 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2011,186(4):2454-2461
Our previous study showed that a combination of a plasmid-expressing Flt3 ligand (pFL) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) as a combined nasal adjuvant elicited mucosal immune responses in aged (2-y-old) mice. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of pFL and CpG ODN as a nasal adjuvant for a pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) would enhance PspA-specific secretory-IgA Ab responses, which could provide protective mucosal immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in aged mice. Nasal immunization with PspA plus a combination of pFL and CpG ODN elicited elevated levels of PspA-specific secretory-IgA Ab responses in external secretions and plasma in both young adult and aged mice. Significant levels of PspA-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferative and PspA-induced Th1- and Th2- type cytokine responses were noted in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen of aged mice, which were equivalent to those in young adult mice. Additionally, increased numbers of mature-type CD8, CD11b-expressing dendritic cells were detected in mucosal inductive and effector lymphoid tissues of aged mice. Importantly, aged mice given PspA plus a combination of pFL and CpG ODN showed protective immunity against nasal S. pneumoniae colonization. These results demonstrate that nasal delivery of a combined DNA adjuvant offers an attractive possibility for protection against S. pneumoniae in the elderly. 相似文献