排序方式: 共有55条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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G Nivaler EA Zimmerman R Defendini AS Liotta DT Kreiger MJ Brownstein 《The Journal of cell biology》1979,81(1):50-58
Adrenocorticotropin and β-lipotropin (β-LPH) have been localized by immunoperoxidase methods in nerve cells and fibers of the hypothalamus and brain stem of the ewe. 6-μm sections were immunostained first for either ACTH or β-LPH. The reaction products and the antibody complexes were then eluted completely from the tissue, and the same section was immunostained for the second peptide. Absorption of the primary antisera with a variety of peptide fragments of ACTH and β-LPH demonstrated, immunocytochemically as well as by radioimmunoassay, that the ACTH and β-LPH antisera were directed to the COOH- and NH(2)-termini of the peptides, respectively. Neither antiserum recognized any portion of the heterologous peptide. In the sequential staining procedure on the same tissue section, preincubation of the antisera with the homologous peptide abolished the staining, whereas preincubation with the heterologous peptide did not affect it, regardless of the order followed. Every nerve cell in the arcuate nucleus that contained ACTH also contained β-LPH, but β-LPH cells appeared, probably falsely, to be twice as numerous as ACTH cells. β-LPH-positive fibers in and beyond the hypothalamus were also more numerous and stained more intensively than ACTH fibers. The salient exception was fibers in the infundibular zona externa, where the opposite was true. Our observations establish that ACTH and β-LPH are contained in the same nerve cells They stongly favor biosynthesis in brain, probably from a common precursor molecule, as has been demonstrated in the pituitary gland. The complexity of the cytologic distribution pattern described suggests that the two peptides are not processed in the same manner by the nerve cell. 相似文献
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Chun-Nan Hsu Jin-Mei Lai Chia-Hung Liu Huei-Hun Tseng Chih-Yun Lin Kuan-Ting Lin Hsu-Hua Yeh Ting-Yi Sung Wen-Lian Hsu Li-Jen Su Sheng-An Lee Chang-Han Chen Gen-Cher Lee DT Lee Yow-Ling Shiue Chang-Wei Yeh Chao-Hui Chang Cheng-Yan Kao Chi-Ying F Huang 《BMC bioinformatics》2007,8(1):1-12
Background
An adequate and expressive ontological representation of biological organisms and their parts requires formal reasoning mechanisms for their relations of physical aggregation and containment.Results
We demonstrate that the proposed formalism allows to deal consistently with "role propagation along non-taxonomic hierarchies", a problem which had repeatedly been identified as an intricate reasoning problem in biomedical ontologies.Conclusion
The proposed approach seems to be suitable for the redesign of compositional hierarchies in (bio)medical terminology systems which are embedded into the framework of the OBO (Open Biological Ontologies) Relation Ontology and are using knowledge representation languages developed by the Semantic Web community. 相似文献47.
Sven Brandau Mark Jakob Kirsten Bruderek Friedrich Bootz Bernd Giebel Stefan Radtke Katharina Mauel Marcus J?ger Stefanie B. Flohé Stephan Lang 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity, for example by responding to pathogen-derived signals and by regulating the function of innate immune cells. MSCs from the bone-marrow and peripheral tissues share common basic cell-biological functions. However, it is unknown whether these MSCs exhibit different responses to microbial challenge and whether this response subsequently modulates the regulation of inflammatory cells by MSCs.Methodology/Principal Findings
We isolated MSCs from human bone-marrow (bmMSCs) and human salivary gland (pgMSCs). Expression levels of TLR4 and LPS-responsive molecules were determined by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Cytokine release was determined by ELISA. The effect of supernatants from unstimulated and LPS-stimulated MSCs on recruitment, cytokine secretion, bacterial clearance and oxidative burst of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) was tested in vitro. Despite minor quantitative differences, bmMSCs and pgMSCs showed a similar cell biological response to bacterial endotoxin. Both types of MSCs augmented anti-microbial functions of PMNs LPS stimulation, particularly of bmMSCs, further augmented MSC-mediated activation of PMN.Conclusions/Significance
This study suggests that MSCs may contribute to the resolution of infection and inflammation by promoting the anti-microbial activity of PMNs. This property is exerted by MSCs derived from both the bone-marrow and peripheral glandular tissue. 相似文献48.
Combining protein evolution and secondary structure 总被引:10,自引:9,他引:10
An evolutionary model that combines protein secondary structure and amino
acid replacement is introduced. It allows likelihood analysis of aligned
protein sequences and does not require the underlying secondary (or
tertiary) structures of these sequences to be known. One component of the
model describes the organization of secondary structure along a protein
sequence and another specifies the evolutionary process for each category
of secondary structure. A database of proteins with known secondary
structures is used to estimate model parameters representing these two
components. Phylogeny, the third component of the model, can be estimated
from the data set of interest. As an example, we employ our model to
analyze a set of sucrose synthase sequences. For the evolution of sucrose
synthase, a parametric bootstrap approach indicates that our model is
statistically preferable to one that ignores secondary structure.
相似文献
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Phylogenetic evidence for role-reversals of gender-associated mitochondrial DNA in Mytilus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hoeh WR; Stewart DT; Saavedra C; Sutherland BW; Zouros E 《Molecular biology and evolution》1997,14(9):959-967
Distinct gender-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages (i.e.,
lineages which are transmitted either through males or through females)
have been demonstrated in two families of bivalves, the Mytilidae (marine
mussels) and the Unionidae (freshwater mussels), which have been separated
for more than 400 Myr. The mode of transmission of these M (for
male-transmitted) and F (for female-transmitted) molecules has been
referred to as doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), in contrast to
standard maternal inheritance (SMI), which is the norm in animals. A
previous study suggested that at least three origins of DUI are required to
explain the phylogenetic pattern of M and F lineages in freshwater and
marine mussels. Here we present phylogenetic evidence based on partial
sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and the 16S RNA gene
that indicates the DUI is a dynamic phenomenon. Specifically, we
demonstrate that F lineages in three species of Mytilus mussels, M. edulis,
M. trossulus, and M. californianus, have spawned separate lineages which
are now associated only with males. This process is referred to as
"masculinization" of F mtDNA. By extension, we propose that DUI may be a
primitive bivalve character and that periodic masculinization events
combined with extinction of previously existing M types effectively reset
the time of divergence between conspecific gender-associated mtDNA
lineages.
相似文献
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Chondromodulin I is dispensable during enchondral ossification and eye development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Brandau O Aszódi A Hunziker EB Neame PJ Vestweber D Fässler R 《Molecular and cellular biology》2002,22(18):6627-6635
Chondromodulin I (chm-I), a type II transmembrane protein, is highly expressed in the avascular zones of cartilage but is downregulated in the hypertrophic region, which is invaded by blood vessels during enchondral ossification. In vitro and in vivo assays with the purified protein have shown chondrocyte-modulating and angiogenesis-inhibiting functions. To investigate chm-I function in vivo, we generated transgenic mice lacking chm-I mRNA and protein. Null mice are viable and fertile and show no morphological changes. No abnormalities in vascular invasion and cartilage development were detectable. No evidence was found for a compensating function of tendin, a recently published homologue highly expressed in tendons and also, at low levels, in cartilage. Furthermore, no differences in the expression of other angiogenic or antiangiogenic factors such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3, fibroblast growth factor 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor were found. The surprising lack of phenotype in the chm-I-deficient mice suggests either a different function for chm-I in vivo than has been proposed or compensatory changes in uninvestigated angiogenic or angiogenesis-inhibiting factors. Further analysis using double-knockout technology will be necessary to analyze the function of chm-I in the complex process of enchondral ossification. 相似文献