狗肝菜的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称狗肝菜[Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Nees],又名九头狮子草. 2材料类别带腋芽的茎段.     

口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗猴体神经毒力试验参考品合格标准的统计分析

验证口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗的猴体神经毒力试验参考品合格标准是否发生改变及其对疫苗猴体神经毒力试验检测结果的影响。按照WHO推荐的猴体神经毒力中枢神经系统病理学检定方法,统计分析了1996~2002年中猴体神经毒力试验三个型参考品各五批以上的实验数据。并对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型参考品的病变好发部位腰、颈、脑的病变分数进行了比较。结果表明,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型参考品合格标准上、下限及C值有所下降;Ⅲ型参考品合格标准上、下限及C值略有升高。从病理学记分结果显示,三型参考品在腰、颈、脑部的致病力存在着差异;Ⅲ型参考品的致病变力向颈、脑部位扩散的指数明显增大。Ⅰ、Ⅱ型参考品合格标准对疫苗猴体神经毒力试验合格界线趋于严格,而Ⅲ型参考品猴体神经毒力病变指数由腰部向颈、脑部蔓延趋势的增大导致病变扩散指数和强度指数增大,从而使Ⅲ型参考品合格标准对疫苗的猴体神经毒力试验合格界线范围趋大,有可能对Ⅲ型疫苗制品合格率增大。     

Prodrug thiamine analogs as inhibitors of the enzyme transketolase

Transketolase, a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, has been suggested as a target for inhibition in the treatment of cancer. Compound 5a ('N3'-pyridyl thiamine'; 3-(6-methyl-2-amino-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium chloride hydrochloride), an analog of the transketolase cofactor thiamine, is a potent transketolase inhibitor but suffers from poor pharmacokinetics due to high clearance and C(max) linked toxicity. An efficient way of improving the pharmacokinetic profile of 5a is to prepare oxidized prodrugs which are slowly reduced in vivo yielding longer, sustained blood levels of the drug. The synthesis of such prodrugs and their evaluation in rodent models is reported.     

Studies toward the discovery of the next generation of antidepressants. Part 6: Dual 5-HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter affinity within a class of arylpiperazinyl-cyclohexyl indole derivatives

Based on the previously reported discovery lead, 3-(cis-4-(4-(1H-indol-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)cyclohexyl)-5-fluoro-1H-indole (2), a series of related arylpiperazin-4-yl-cyclohexyl indole analogs were synthesized then evaluated as 5-HT transporter inhibitors and 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists. The investigation of the structure-activity relationships revealed the optimal pharmacophoric elements required for activities in this series. The best example from this study, 5-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline analog (trans-20), exhibited equal binding affinities at 5-HT transporter (K(i)=4.9nM), 5-HT(1A) receptor (K(i)=6.2nM) and functioned as a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist.     

Biophysical and biochemical approach to locating an inhibitor binding site on cholesteryl ester transfer protein

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers neutral lipids between different types of plasma lipoprotein. Inhibitors of CETP elevate the fraction of plasma cholesterol associated with high-density lipoproteins and are being developed as new agents for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The molecular basis of their function is not yet fully understood. To aid in the study of inhibitor interactions with CETP, a torcetrapib-related compound was coupled to different biotin-terminated spacer groups, and the binding of CETP to the streptavidin-bound conjugates was monitored on agarose beads and in a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. CETP binding was poor with a 2.0 nm spacer arm, but efficient with polyethyleneglycol spacers of 3.5 or 4.6 nm. The conjugate based on a 4.6 nm spacer was used for further biosensor experiments. Soluble inhibitor blocked the binding of CETP to the immobilized drug, as did preincubation with a disulfide-containing covalent inhibitor. To provide a first estimate of the binding site for torcetrapib-like inhibitors, CETP was modified with a disulfide-containing agent that modifies Cys-13 of CETP. Mass spectrometry of the modified protein indicated that a single half-molecule of the disulfide was covalently bound to CETP, and peptide mapping after digestion with pepsin confirmed previous reports based on mutagenesis that Cys-13 was the site of modification. Modified CETP was unable to bind to the biosensor-mounted torcetrapib analog, indicating that the binding site on CETP for torcetrapib is in the lipid-binding pocket near the N-terminus of the protein. The crystal structure of CETP shows that the sulfhydryl group of Cys-13 resides at the bottom of this pocket.     

Toxoplasma gondii Mei2序列的电子延伸与分析

Mei2是调控细胞分裂过程的重要蛋白,利用电子延伸技术对Toxoplasma gondii EST数据库中的Mei2同源的ESTs进行了电子延伸,得到3836bp的Mei2同源电子延伸物,利用ORF Finder预测的相应的编码物为496个氨基酸的Mei2-predict protein,对该蛋白质的理化性质及结构进行了相关的预测与分析,结果显示T．gondii来源的Mei2-predict protein含有一个RBD结构域。系统发育分析表明Mei2-predict protein与Plasmodium来源的Mei2亲源关系最近。     

类弹性隆蛋白ELPs融合表达在抗菌肽分离纯化中的应用(简报)

抗菌肽(Antimierobial polypeDtides,AMPs)是两性带电分子,广泛存在于多种生物体内,具有广谱抗菌、调节免疫、抑制肿瘤等多种生物学功能.一些抗菌肽不仅对耐药性的病原细菌有很好的抑制和杀灭作用,而且还对真菌、原生动物、病毒等有很好的抑制作用.     

A comprehensive analysis of the naturally occurring polymorphisms in HIV-1 Vpr: Potential impact on CTL epitopes

In this report we test the hypothesis that long-term virus-induced alterations in CYP occur from changes initiated by the virus that may not be related to the immune response. Enzyme activity, protein expression and mRNA of CYP3A2, a correlate of human CYP3A4, and CYP2C11, responsive to inflammatory mediators, were assessed 0.25, 1, 4, and 14 days after administration of several different recombinant adenoviruses at a dose of 5.7 × 10¹² virus particles (vp)/kg to male Sprague Dawley rats. Wild type adenovirus, containing all viral genes, suppressed CYP3A2 and 2C11 activity by 37% and 39%, respectively within six hours. Levels fell to 67% (CYP3A2) and 79% (CYP2C11) of control by 14 days (p ≤ 0.01). Helper-dependent adenovirus, with all viral genes removed, suppressed CYP3A2 (43%) and CYP2C11 (55%) within six hours. CYP3A2 remained significantly suppressed (47%, 14 days, p ≤ 0.01) while CYP2C11 returned to baseline at this time. CYP3A2 and 2C11 were reduced by 45 and 42% respectively 6 hours after treatment with PEGylated adenovirus, which has a low immunological profile (p ≤ 0.05). CYP3A2 remained suppressed (34%, p ≤ 0.05) for 14 days while CYP2C11 recovered. Inactivated virus suppressed CYP3A2 activity by 25–50% for 14 days (p ≤ 0.05). CYP2C11 was affected similar manner but recovered by day 14. Microarray and in vitro studies suggest that changes in cellular signaling pathways initiated early in virus infection contribute to changes in CYP.     

Enhanced biomass and oxidative stress tolerance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Synechococcus elongatus</Emphasis> PCC 7942 overexpressing the <Emphasis Type="Italic">DHAR</Emphasis> gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis>

Objectives

To improve the oxidative stress tolerance, biomass yield, and ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHA) ratio of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 in the presence of H₂O₂, by heterologous expression of the dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) gene from Brassica juncea (BrDHAR).

Results

Under H₂O₂ stress, overexpression of BrDHAR in the transgenic strain (BrD) of S. elongatus greatly increased the AsA/DHA ratio. As part of the AsA recycling system, the oxidative stress response induced by reactive oxygen species was enhanced, and intracellular H₂O₂ level decreased. In addition, under H₂O₂ stress conditions, the BrD strain displayed increased growth rate and biomass, as well as higher chlorophyll content and deeper pigmentation than did wild-type and control strains.

Conclusion

By maintaining the AsA pool and redox homeostasis, the heterologous expression of BrDHAR increased S. elongatus tolerance to H₂O₂ stress, improving the biomass yield under these conditions. The results suggest that the BrD strain of S. elongatus, with its ability to attenuate the deleterious effects of ROS caused by environmental stressors, could be a promising platform for the generation of biofuels and other valuable bioproducts.

     

TAK1基因沉默对TNF-a诱导的滑膜细胞IL-6、IL-8表达的影响

目的：观察转化生长因子β激活激酶1（TAK1）基因沉默对肿瘤坏死因子a （TNF-a）诱导的滑膜细胞中促炎介质白介素-6（IL-6）和白介素-8（IL-8）表达的影响,以探讨TAK1在类风湿关节炎（RA）发病中的作用。方法：采取脂质体转染方法将TAK1特异性的小干扰RNA （siRNA）和阴性对照RNA （scRNA）导入类风湿关节炎的滑膜成纤维细胞株MH7A细胞,然后分别用20 ng/ml TNF-a刺激后,检测细胞内IL-6、IL-8 mRNA的表达和培养上清中IL-6和IL-8分泌情况以及p38、ERK、JNK、p65磷酸化的水平和抑制性蛋白IκBα的变化情况。结果：siRNA-TAK1转染72 h后滑膜细胞中TAK mRNA和蛋白表达的平均抑制率分别为75%和55%。siRNA-TAK1转染下调TNF-a诱导状态下IL-6和IL-8的表达,并能抑制p38、JNK、p65磷酸化和增加IκBα水平。结论：TAK1基因沉默能抑制TNF-a诱导的滑膜细胞IL-6、IL-8表达,可能与其抑制JNK和p38MAPK的活化及NF-κB的活化有关。