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排序方式: 共有166条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Sicard M Raimond M Prats O Lafitte A Braquart-Varnier C 《Journal of invertebrate pathology》2008,99(1):20-27
In this study, we evaluated the effect of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, symbiotically associated with bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus, on the survival of eight terrestrial isopod species. The EPN species S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora reduced the survival of six isopod species while S. feltiae reduced survival for two species. Two terrestrial isopod species tested (Armadillidium vulgare and Armadillo officinalis) were found not to be affected by treatment with EPNs while the six other isopod species showed survival reduction with at least one EPN species. By using aposymbiotic S. carpocapsae (i.e. without Xenorhabdus symbionts), we showed that nematodes can be isopod pathogens on their own. Nevertheless, symbiotic nematodes were more pathogenic for isopods than aposymbiotic ones showing that bacteria acted synergistically with their nematodes to kill isopods. By direct injection of entomopathogenic bacteria into isopod hemolymph, we showed that bacteria had a pathogenic effect on terrestrial isopods even if they appeared unable to multiply within isopod hemolymphs. A developmental study of EPNs in isopods showed that two of them (S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora) were able to develop while S. feltiae could not. No EPN species were able to produce offspring emerging from isopods. We conclude that EPN and their bacteria can be pathogens for terrestrial isopods but that such hosts represent a reproductive dead-end for them. Thus, terrestrial isopods appear not to be alternative hosts for EPN populations maintained in the absence of insects. 相似文献
82.
In Tunisia, even though it is an Arab-Muslim country, the teaching of evolution is not forbidden. Nevertheless, the Muslim perspective makes learning about the biological basis of evolution difficult because of the harmony that exists between religion and science. Tunisian students have a mixed misconception: They explain the diversity of life as both a result of God’s works and a result of evolutionary processes at the same time. This paper presents the external evaluation that assesses the impact of an approach to teaching evolution designed to help students distinguish between theological and biological (scientific) explanations. The comparative analysis between the outcomes of the pre- and post-teaching interviews shows some success in helping students to distinguish between the two types of arguments and to develop better understanding of evolution as scientific knowledge. 相似文献
83.
Although mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels have been extensively studied, uncertainty persists about their molecular architecture and single-channel conductance. We made electrical measurements from mouse cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) to reexamine the MET channel conductance comparing two different methods. Analysis of fluctuations in the macroscopic currents showed that the channel conductance in apical OHCs determined from nonstationary noise analysis was about half that of single-channel events recorded after tip link destruction. We hypothesized that this difference reflects a bandwidth limitation in the noise analysis, which we tested by simulations of stochastic fluctuations in modeled channels. Modeling indicated that the unitary conductance depended on the relative values of the channel activation time constant and the applied low-pass filter frequency. The modeling enabled the activation time constant of the channel to be estimated for the first time, yielding a value of only a few microseconds. We found that the channel conductance, assayed with both noise and recording of single-channel events, was reduced by a third in a new deafness mutant, Tmc1 p.D528N. Our results indicate that noise analysis is likely to underestimate MET channel amplitude, which is better characterized from recordings of single-channel events. 相似文献
84.
Maryline Paris Catherine Bernard-Kargar José Vilar Nadim Kassis Alain Ktorza 《Experimental diabetes research》2004,5(4):257-263
We investigated the possible interplay between insulin
and glucose signaling pathways in rat pancreatic β-cell
with a special focus on the role of glucose in IRS signaling
in vivo. Three groups of rats were constituted by combining
simultaneous infusion during 48 h either of glucose
and/or insulin, or glucose+diazoxide: Hyperglycemic-
Hyperinsulinemic (HGHI), euglycemic-Hyperinsulinemic
(eGHI), Hyperglycemic-euinsulinemic (HGeI). Control rats
were infused with 0,9% NaCl. In HGHI and HGeI rats
plasma glucose levels were maintained at 20-22 mmol/l. In
eGHI rats, plasma glucose was not different from that of
controls, whereas plasma insulin was much higher than
in controls. In HGHI rats, IRS-2 mRNA expression, total
protein and phosphorylated protein amounts were increased
compared to controls. In HGeI rats, only IRS-2
mRNA expression was increased. No change was observed
in eGHI rats whatever the parameter considered. In all
groups, mRNA concentration of IRS-1 was similar to that
of controls. The quantity of total and phosphorylated IRS-
1 protein was dramatically increased in HGHI rats and
to a lesser extent in eGHI rats. Neither mRNA nor IRS-1
protein expression were modified in HGeI rats. The data
suggest that glucose and insulin play at once a specific
and a complementary role in islet IRSs signaling. Especially,
glucose stimulates IRS-2 mRNA expression whatever
the insulin status and independently of the secretory
process. The differential regulation of IRS-1 and
IRS-2 expressions is in agreement with their supposed different involvement in the control of β-cell growth and
function. 相似文献
85.
86.
Hepatitis B virus splice-generated protein induces T-cell responses in HLA-transgenic mice and hepatitis B virus-infected patients
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Mancini-Bourgine M Bayard F Soussan P Deng Q Lone YC Kremsdorf D Michel ML 《Journal of virology》2007,81(10):4963-4972
Hepatitis B virus splice-generated protein (HBSP), encoded by a spliced hepatitis B virus RNA, was recently identified in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis B. We investigated the possible generation of immunogenic peptides by the processing of this protein in vivo. We identified a panel of potential epitopes in HBSP by using predictive computational algorithms for peptide binding to HLA molecules. We used transgenic mice devoid of murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and positive for human MHC class I molecules to characterize immune responses specific for HBSP. Two HLA-A2-restricted peptides and one immunodominant HLA-B7-restricted epitope were identified following the immunization of mice with DNA vectors encoding HBSP. Most importantly, a set of overlapping peptides covering the HBSP sequence induced significant HBSP-specific T-cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B. The response was multispecific, as several epitopes were recognized by CD8(+) and CD4(+) human T cells. This study provides the first evidence that this protein generated in vivo from an alternative reading frame of the hepatitis B virus genome activates T-cell responses in hepatitis B virus-infected patients. Given that hepatitis B is an immune response-mediated disease, the detection of T-cell responses directed against HBSP in patients with chronic hepatitis B suggests a potential role for this protein in liver disease progression. 相似文献
87.
Arrigo AP Simon S Gibert B Kretz-Remy C Nivon M Czekalla A Guillet D Moulin M Diaz-Latoud C Vicart P 《FEBS letters》2007,581(19):3665-3674
Hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin are molecular chaperones that are constitutively expressed in several mammalian cells, particularly in pathological conditions. These proteins share functions as diverse as protection against toxicity mediated by aberrantly folded proteins or oxidative-inflammation conditions. In addition, these proteins share anti-apoptotic properties and are tumorigenic when expressed in cancer cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge about Hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin and the implications, either positive or deleterious, of these proteins in pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases, myopathies, asthma, cataracts and cancers. Approaches towards therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the expression and/or the activities of Hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin are presented. 相似文献
88.
Age‐dependent alterations of the NMDA receptor developmental profile and adult behavior in postnatally ketamine‐treated mice
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Maryline Lecointre Claire Vézier Magalie Bénard Yasmina Ramdani Nicolas Dupré Carole Brasse‐Lagnel Vincent J. Henry Vincent Roy Stéphane Marret Bruno J. Gonzalez Isabelle Leroux‐Nicollet 《Developmental neurobiology》2015,75(3):315-333
Ketamine is a NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist used in pediatric anesthesia. Given the role of glutamatergic signaling during brain maturation, we studied the effects of a single ketamine injection (40 mg/kg s.c) in mouse neonates depending on postnatal age at injection (P2, P5, or P10) on cortical NMDAR subunits expression and association with Membrane‐Associated Guanylate Kinases PSD95 and SAP102. The effects of ketamine injection at P2, P5, or P10 on motor activity were compared in adulthood. Ketamine increased GluN2A and GluN2B mRNA levels in P2‐treated mice without change in proteins, while it decreased GluN2B protein in P10‐treated mice without change in mRNA. Ketamine reduced GluN2A mRNA and protein levels in P5‐treated mice without change in GluN2B and GluN1. Ketamine affected the GluN2A/PSD95 association regardless of the age at injection, while GluN2B/PSD95 association was enhanced only in P5‐treated mice. Microdissection of ketamine‐treated mouse cortex showed a decrease in GluN2A mRNA level in superficial layers (I–IV) and an increase in all subunit expressions in deep layers (V–VI) in P5‐ and P10‐treated mice, respectively. Our data suggest that ketamine impairs cortical NMDAR subunit developmental profile and delays the synaptic targeting of GluN2A‐enriched NMDAR. Ketamine injection at P2 or P10 resulted in hyperlocomotion in adult male mice in an open field, without change in females. Voluntary running‐wheel exercise showed age‐ and sex‐dependent alterations of the mouse activity, especially during the dark phase. Overall, a single neonatal ketamine exposure led to short‐term NMDAR cortical developmental profile impairments and long‐term motor activity alterations persisting in adulthood. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 315–333, 2015 相似文献
89.
Potential roles of membrane fluidity and ceramide in hyperthermia and alcohol stimulation of TRAIL apoptosis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Moulin M Carpentier S Levade T Arrigo AP 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2007,12(9):1703-1720
We recently reported that a mild heat shock induces a long lasting stimulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of leukemic T-lymphocytes
and myeloid cell lines, but not normal T-lymphocytes, which correlates with an enhanced ability of TRAIL to recognize its
receptors. As shown here, this phenomenon could be inhibited by the xanthogenate agent D609, a sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway
inhibitor. A caspase-dependent and D609-sensitive two-fold increase in ceramide level was elicited by heat shock plus TRAIL
combined treatment. One day after heat shock, a similar increase in ceramide was induced by TRAIL. Sphingolipids/ceramides
are known to regulate membrane integrity, and heat shock increases membrane fluidity. In this regard, the heat shock plus
TRAIL combined treatment resulted in a D609-sensitive membrane fluidization which was far more intense than that induced by
heat shock only. We also report that membrane fluidizers, that mimic the effect of heat shock, such benzyl alcohol and ethanol,
potently stimulated TRAIL-induced apoptosis. As heat shock, these alcohols increased, in a D609-sensitive manner, membrane
fluidity in the presence of TRAIL, the recognition of TRAIL death receptors, and ceramide levels. These results suggest that
stress agents that trigger ceramide production and an overall increase in membrane fluidity are stimulators of TRAIL apoptosis. 相似文献
90.
Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant Skyler Uhl Adrien Grimont Ashley S. Doane Phillip Cohen Roosheel S. Patel Christina A. Higgins Joshua A. Acklin Yaron Bram Vasuretha Chandar Daniel Blanco-Melo Maryline Panis Jean K. Lim Olivier Elemento Robert E. Schwartz Brad R. Rosenberg Rohit Chandwani Benjamin R. tenOever 《Journal of virology》2021,95(23)