全文获取类型
收费全文 | 221篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 11篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1937年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有233条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Postexercise protein-carbohydrate and carbohydrate supplements increase muscle glycogen in men and women 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tarnopolsky M. A.; Bosman M.; Macdonald J. R.; Vandeputte D.; Martin J.; Roy B. D. 《Journal of applied physiology》1997,83(6):1877-1883
Tarnopolsky, M. A., M. Bosman, J. R. MacDonald, D. Vandeputte, J. Martin, and B. D. Roy. Postexerciseprotein-carbohydrate and carbohydrate supplements increase muscleglycogen in men and women. J. Appl.Physiol. 83(6): 1877-1883, 1997.We havepreviously demonstrated that women did not increase intramuscularglycogen in response to an increased percent of dietary carbohydrate(CHO) (from 60 to 75% of energy intake) (M. A. Tarnopolsky, S. A. Atkinson, S. M. Phillips, and J. D. MacDougall.J. Appl. Physiol. 78: 1360-1368, 1995). CHO and CHO-protein (Pro) supplementation postexercise canpotentiate glycogen resynthesis compared with placebo (K. M. Zawadzki,B. B. Yaspelkis, and J. L. Ivy. J. Appl.Physiol. 72: 1854-1859, 1992). We studied theeffect of isoenergetic CHO and CHO-Pro-Fat supplements on muscleglycogen resynthesis in the first 4 h after endurance exercise (90 minat 65% peak O2 consumption) intrained endurance athletes (men, n = 8; women, tested in midfollicular phase,n = 8). Each subject completed threesequential trials separated by 3 wk; a supplement was provided immediately and 1-h postexercise: 1)CHO (0.75 g/kg) + Pro (0.1 g/kg) + Fat (0.02 g/kg),2) CHO (1 g/kg), and3) placebo (Pl; artificialsweetener). Subjects were given prepackaged, isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets, individualized to their habitual diet, for theday before and during the exercise trial. During exercise, womenoxidized more lipid than did men (P < 0.05). Both of the supplement trials resulted in greaterpostexercise glucose and insulin compared with Pl(P < 0.01), with no genderdifferences. Similarly, both of these trials resulted in increasedglycogen resynthesis (37.2 vs. 24.6 mmol · kg drymuscle1 · h1,CHO vs. CHO-Pro-Fat, respectively) compared with Pl (7.5 mmol · kg drymuscle1 · h1;P < 0.001) with no genderdifferences. We conclude that postexercise CHO and CHO-Pro-Fatnutritional supplements can increase glycogen resynthesis to a greaterextent than Pl for both men and women. 相似文献
92.
Neocortical Dialysate Monoamines of Rats After Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Liver Shunt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter B. F. Bergqvist †Birgit A. P. M. Vogels †Diederik K. Bosman †Martinus A. W. Maas Stephan Hjorth †Robert A. F. M. Chamuleau Finn Bengtsson 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,64(3):1238-1244
Abstract: Intracerebral microdialysis was applied to monitor the neocortical extracellular levels of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT), and the metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in rats with various forms of experimental hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The extracellular aromatic amino acid levels were clearly increased in acute, subacute, and chronic HE. No changes compared with controls in the neocortical DA release could be detected in the three experimental HE rat models investigated. The NA release showed a significant increase only in the subacute HE group. These data suggest that HE may not be associated with any major reduction of neocortical DA or NA release as previously suggested. In acute and subacute HE, decreased extracellular DOPAC but elevated 5-HIAA concentrations were seen. In chronic HE, elevations of both DOPAC and 5-HIAA were observed. Neocortical 5-HT release did not change in subacute and chronic HE, whereas it decreased in acute HE compared with control values. Significant increase in extracellular concentrations of 5-HIAA and of the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in the present study are in agreement with previously reported increases in 5-HT turnover in experimental HE. However, a substantially increased 5-HT turnover in experimental HE does not appear to be related to an increase in neuronal neocortical 5-HT release. 相似文献
93.
F. J. G. M. Kubben C. L. M. V. J. van Assche F. T. Bosman 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1986,84(4-6):439-444
Summary The presence of FMRF-amide, a cardioactiv tetrapeptide, was studied by immunocytochemistry in human and rat gastric antrum and pancreas, and in the ovine, bovine, canine and rabbit pancreas. In human and rat gastric antrum, numerous cells contained FMRF-amide immunoreactive material. By staining of serial sections and by double staining, colocalization of immunoreactivity for gastrin and FMRF-amide was observed in part of the gastrin cells. In the pancreas of these and the other species, immunoreactivity for FMRF-amide was located both in acinar and islet endocrine cells. Colocalization of FMRF-amide and pancreatic polypeptide was found in a proportion of pancreatic polypeptide cells in the pancreas. FMRF-amide immunoreactivity never colocalized with the other neurohormonal peptides which occur in the gastric antrum and the pancreas.Our observations show that neuroendocrine cells occur in the gastric antrum and pancreas which are exclusively immunoreactive or gastrin and for pancreatic polypeptide respectively. In addition cells occur which show immunoreactivity for FMRF-amide as well as for gastrin in the gastric antrum and with antiserum to FMRF-amide as well as for pancreatic polypeptide in the pancreas. It is concluded that FMRF-amide antibodies probably recognize a substance in G and PP cells which is not identical but may be structurally related to gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide.In honour of Prof. P. van Duijn 相似文献
94.
A cross-sectional study of malaria prevalence (98.6% Plasmodium falciparum) was carried out in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and in 3 neighbouring villages on 2117 children, zero to five years old. Data on antimalarial prophylaxis and treatment were obtained from the child's parent using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Regular weekly chloroquine consumption lowered the parasite rate but a significant increase with respect to parasite density was recorded in protected children from the rural area. No significant differences related to previous antimalarial treatments were observed in parasite rate or density. Antimalarial treatments were less frequent in children under chemoprophylaxis. Information about dosage and date of therapy was not recalled by most of the interviewed parents. Problems and suggestions for questionnaire data are briefly discussed. 相似文献
95.
Purification and Characterization of a Dipeptidase from Lactobacillus helveticus SBT 2171 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Applied microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A metal-dependent dipeptidase was purified to homogeneity from a cell extract of Lactobacillus helveticus SBT 2171 by fast protein liquid chromatography. The enzyme was purified 237-fold from the extract, with a yield of 1.8%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed a single protein band with a molecular weight of 50,000. The dipeptidase hydrolyzes a range of only dipeptides. Dipeptides containing proline, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid are not hydrolyzed. The enzyme was shown to be a metalloenzyme with a pH optimum of 8.0 and a temperature optimum of 55(deg)C. Dithiol-reducing reagents exert strong inhibition on enzyme activity. Kinetic studies indicated that the enzyme has a relative average affinity for leucyl-leucine (K(infm), 0.5 mM). The negative immunoresponse of the purified enzyme with monoclonal antibodies raised against a dipeptidase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 shows that both enzymes can be immunologically distinguished. 相似文献
96.
Summary Several methods for tissue embedding in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were compared with regard to their applicability for pre-embedding immunoelectronmicroscopy. Existing embedding procedures gave unsatisfactory results and therefore a modified procedure was developed. This method, consisting of very brief tissue infiltration with PEG 1500, to which 3% water is added, allowed adequate tissue sectioning. Using these sections for preembedding immunoelectronmicroscopical localisation of glucagon in bovine pancreatic islets adequate ultrastructural morphology was obtained in combination with excellent preservation of peptide hormone immunoreactivity.Supported in part by grant no. PAL 52-77 of the Queen Qilhelmina Cancer Foundation 相似文献
97.
Cara K. Bradley Omar Chami Teija T. Peura Alexis Bosman Biljana Dumevska Uli Schmidt Tomas Stojanov 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2010,46(3-4):294-299
Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells capable of extensive self-renewal and differentiation to all cells of the embryo proper. Here, we describe the derivation and characterization of three Sydney IVF human embryonic stem cell lines not already reported elsewhere, designated SIVF001, SIVF002, and SIVF014. The cell lines display typical compact colony morphology of embryonic stem cells, have stable growth rates over more than 40 passages and are cytogenetically normal. Furthermore, the cell lines express pluripotency markers including Nanog, Oct4, SSEA3 and Tra-1-81, and are capable of generating teratoma cells derived from each of the three germ layers in immunodeficient mice. These experiments show that the cell lines constitute pluripotent stem cell lines. 相似文献
98.
Giel J C G M Bosman Frans L A Willekens Jan M Werre 《Cellular physiology and biochemistry》2005,16(1-3):1-8
In physiological circumstances, erythrocyte aging leads to binding of autologous IgG followed by recognition and removal through phagocytosis, mainly by Kupffer cells in the liver. This process is triggered by the appearance of a senescent erythrocyte-specific antigen. The functional and structural characteristics of senescent erythrocytes strongly suggest that this antigen originates on band 3, probably by calcium-induced proteolysis. Generation of vesicles enriched in denatured hemoglobin is an integral part of the erythrocyte aging process. These vesicles are also removed by Kupffer cells, with a major role for exposure of phosphatidylserine. Moreover, senescent erythrocyte-specific antigens are present on vesicles. Thus, vesicles and senescent erythrocytes may be recognized and removed through the same signals. These and other, recent data support the theory that erythrocyte aging is a form of apoptosis that is concentrated in the cell membrane, and provide the context for future studies on initiation and regulation of the erythrocyte aging process. Insight into the normal aging mechanism is essential for understanding the fate of erythrocytes in pathological circumstances and the survival of donor erythrocytes after transfusion. 相似文献
99.
Madeleine Hanekom Elizabeth M. Streicher Doreen Van de Berg Helen Cox Cheryl McDermid Marlein Bosman Nicolaas C. Gey van Pittius Tommie C. Victor Martin Kidd Dick van Soolingen Paul D. van Helden Robin M. Warren 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Background
Molecular genotyping methods have shown infection with more than one Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain genotype in a single sputum culture, indicating mixed infection.Aim
This study aimed to develop a PCR-based genotyping tool to determine the population structure of M. tuberculosis strain genotypes in primary Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) and Löwenstein–Jensen (LJ) cultures to identify mixed infections and to establish whether the growth media influenced the recovery of certain strain genotypes.Method
A convenience sample of 206 paired MGIT and LJ M. tuberculosis cultures from pulmonary tuberculosis patients resident in Khayelitsha, South Africa were genotyped using an in-house PCR-based method to detect defined M. tuberculosis strain genotypes.Results
The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-based method for detecting Beijing, Haarlem, S-family, and LAM genotypes was 100%, and 75% and 50% for detecting the Low Copy Clade, respectively. Thirty-one (15%) of the 206 cases showed the presence of more than one M. tuberculosis strain genotype. Strains of the Beijing and Haarlem genotypes were significantly more associated with a mixed infection (on both media) when compared to infections with a single strain (Beijing MGIT p = 0.02; LJ, p<0.01) and (Haarlem: MGIT p<0.01; LJ, p = 0.01). Strains with the Beijing genotype were less likely to be with “other genotype” strains (p<0.01) while LAM, Haarlem, S-family and LCC occurred independently with the Beijing genotype.Conclusion
The PCR-based method was able to identify mixed infection in at least 15% of the cases. LJ media was more sensitive in detecting mixed infections than MGIT media, implying that the growth characteristics of M. tuberculosis on different media may influence our ability to detect mixed infections. The Beijing and Haarlem genotypes were more likely to occur in a mixed infection than any of the other genotypes tested suggesting pathogen-pathogen compatibility. 相似文献100.
Ponnappan RK Markova DZ Antonio PJ Murray HB Vaccaro AR Shapiro IM Anderson DG Albert TJ Risbud MV 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(5):R171