大鼠烫伤后延髓孤束核β－内啡肽含量的变化及其抗血清的作用

大鼠背部２０％体表面积接触沸水２０ｓ,形成Ⅲ度烫伤后,延髓孤束核推挽灌流液中β－内啡肽免疫活性物质的含量显著升高,在烫后１、４ｈ两次达到峰值。烫后立即向弧束核微量注射０．４μｌβ－内啡肽抗血清（滴度１：３００００）,可在一定程度上改善心功能指标,延缓血压和心率的下降,但未能延长动物的存活时间。提示孤束核的β－内啡肽在烫伤休克的病理过程中起作用,其含量的过量升高有抑制心血管功能的作用,从而不利于烫伤休克的恢复。     

An anticomplementary agent, K-76 monocarboxylic acid: its site and mechanism of inhibition of the complement activation cascade.

A monocarboxylic acid derivative (K-76 COOH) of K-76, purified from the culture filtrate of Stachybotrys complement I nov. sp. K-76, inhibits complement (C) activity. Its inhibitory action is mainly on C5 step. It strongly inhibits the generation of EAC1,4b,2a,3b,5b from C5 and EAC1,4b,2a,3b, and accelerates the decay of EAC1,4b,2a,3b,5b. It also causes some inhibition of the reactions of the reactions of C2,C3,C6,C7 and C9 with their respective preceding intermediate cells. It has no effect on the generation of EAC1,4b from C4 and EAC1, or of EAC-8 from C8 and EAC-7, and apparently increases the generation of EAC1,4b from C1 and EAC4b probably by inhibiting transfer or turnover of C1. It does not affect the rate of decay of EAC1,4b,2a or the T max of generation of EAC1,4b,2a, and it inhibits immune adherence only at high concentration. K-76 COOH also strongly inhibits hemolysis through the alternative pathway of C activation by cobra venom factor, but it does not seem to inhibit the early steps of the alternative pathway, because it has little affect on the consumption of C3 or the conversion of beta 1C to beta 1A on treatment of C serum with zymosan. K-76 COOH probably combines with C5 molecules, forming the inactive complexes, or it causes the structural alteration of C5.     

The effect of age, acquired resistance, pregnancy and lactation on some reactions of cattle to infection with Ostertagia ostertagi

An experiment is described in which the effects of age, previous infection, pregnancy and lactation on some reactions of cattle to infection with Ostertagia ostertagi were studied. It was found that an acquired resistance to the establishment of worms developed more rapidly in 20-month-old heifers than in calves, that it was unaffected by pregnancy of the host but that it was largely lost by heifers in early lactation. The rate at which populations were turned over, i.e. the mean life-span of worms through the late 4th and 5th stages was unaffected by the factors studied. Although, in the conditions of the experiment, development of the worms was not arrested in susceptible calves, both age of the host and its previous experience of infection were significant causes of arrest, and in previously infected 20-month-old cattle 86% of the worms of a challenge infection were arrested. Pregnancy did not affect the proportion of worms that was arrested but in lactating heifers only marginally more worms were arrested than in calves. Worms that were not arrested grew more rapidly in calves and in lactating heifers than in empty heifers or those in mid-pregnancy.     

高产融合子Q4413的形态学与生理生化特征的研究

本文通过对枯草芽孢杆菌BR151衍生株与北京棒杆菌1134衍生株的赖氨酸高产融合子Q4413株的形态学、生理生化特性等方面的研究,揭示了融合子与双亲株在这些方面的差异,为Q4413株确系双亲株的重组子或新的融合子增加了佐证.     

Phosphorylation of the AfsR product, a global regulatory protein for secondary-metabolite formation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).

The AfsR protein is essential for the biosynthesis at the wild-type level of A-factor, actinorhodin, and undecylprodigiosin in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces lividans. Because overexpression of the afsR gene caused some deleterious effect on these strains, a multicopy plasmid carrying the whole afsR gene was introduced into Streptomyces griseus, from which a crude cell lysate was prepared as a protein source. The AfsR protein was purified to homogeneity from the cytoplasmic fraction through several steps of chromatography, including affinity column chromatography with ATP-agarose and use of anti-AfsR antibody for its detection. The molecular weight of AfsR was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration to be 105,300, which is in good agreement with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence of afsR. The purified AfsR protein was found to be phosphorylated through the transfer of the gamma-phosphate group of ATP in the presence of the cell extracts of S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. lividans. This phosphorylation proceeded very rapidly, and no competition was observed with CTP, GTP, UTP, or cyclic AMP. In the cell extract of S. griseus, no activity phosphorylating the AfsR protein was detected, suggesting that this activity is not generally present in Streptomyces spp. but is specific to certain species. It is conceivable that the extent of phosphorylation of the AfsR protein modulates its regulatory activity which, in turn, regulates expression of some target gene(s) involved in the secondary-metabolite formation in S. coelicolor A3(2).     

Characterization of human glucocerebrosidase from different mutant alleles.

Human cDNA was mutagenized to duplicate six naturally occurring mutations in the gene for glucocere-brosidase. The mutant genes were expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. The abnormal human enzymes were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and characterized. The Asn370----Ser mutant protein differed from normal enzyme in its inhibition by both conduritol B epoxide and glucosphingosine demonstrating that the 370 mutant enzyme has an abnormal catalytic site. In addition, the 370 mutant enzyme is less activated by saposin C, but more stimulated by phosphatidylserine than the wild type enzyme. The Arg463----Cys mutant protein was normal with respect to conduritol B epoxide and glucosphingosine inhibition, but was less activated by both saposin C and phosphatidylserine. The Arg120----Gln mutant protein was catalytically inactive. The Leu444----Pro, the pseudopattern, and the Pro415----Arg mutants appear to have reduced amounts of enzyme protein in cells. The studies demonstrated that mutations in the gene for glucocerebrosidase have different effects on the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme.     

An alternate method for estimation of cell growth kinetics from batch cultures

An alternative to estimation of cell growth kinetics via continuous culture experiments is proposed in this article. The method employed is based on batch culture experiments with very small inocula (initial cell concentrations being typically less than 5000 cells/mL). Such low initial cell concentrations result in extended exponential cell growth phase during which culture conditions remain unchanged, thereby permitting precise estimation of specific cell growth rates from batch experiments especially for fast-growing microorganisms such as Bacillus species. The effectiveness and utility of this approach are demonstrated via several experiments conducted with a wild-type strain (Bacillus subtilis TN106) and a recombinant strain (B. subtilis TN106[pAT5]). True establishment of exponential growth phase requires insignificant variance of most of the culture conditions during the initial growth phase. Satisfaction of this requirement is demonstrated for microbial systems investigated here. This approach is especially well suited for recombinant microorganisms containing segregationally unstable plasmids, since estimation of growth kinetics of these from continuous cultures is very difficult and highly unreliable due to continual reversion of recombinant ceils to plasmid-free host cells unless some selection pressure is applied at levels sufficient to keep the presence of plasmid-free cells minimal.     

兔出血症病毒核酸的某些理化性质的研究

本文对我国无锡分离的兔出血症病毒A_2R-3毒株核酸的某些理化性质进行了研究。采用孚尔根染色、二苯胺反应和核酸酶解实验证实病毒核酸为DNA类型。吖啶橙染色、甲醛反应、核酸酶S_1消化和核酸热变性实验表明病毒核酸为单链型。核酸电泳呈单一组分。电境观察显示核酸分子链呈线状,平均长度约为2.15μ。计算分子量约为2.1—2.5×10~6d。核酸碱基组盛为A25.34、T29.37、G23.85、C21.43、(G C)克分子百分比值为45.28。结合以前的报道、我们认为:兔出血症病毒可以归类于细小病毒科。     

The transmembrane domain of N-glucosaminyltransferase I contains a Golgi retention signal.

The enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (NT, EC 2.4.1.101) is a resident type II transmembrane protein of the Golgi apparatus. To delineate the portion of its primary sequence that is responsible for the Golgi retention of this protein, we constructed chimeras containing different N-terminal portions of NT joined to a reporter sequence, the ectodomain of a type II surface membrane protein. These chimeric proteins were found to be retained in the Golgi apparatus as assessed by cell surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence. We found that the transmembrane domain of NT is sufficient to confer Golgi retention of the fusion proteins and propose that it contains the Golgi retention signal of the parent molecule.     

The 17-residue transmembrane domain of beta-galactoside alpha 2,6- sialyltransferase is sufficient for Golgi retention

beta-Galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) is a type II integral membrane protein of the Golgi apparatus involved in the sialylation of N-linked glycans. A series of experiments has shown that the 17-residue transmembrane domain of ST is sufficient to confer localization to the Golgi apparatus when transferred to the corresponding region of a cell surface type II integral membrane protein. Lectin affinity chromatography of chimeric proteins bearing this 17-residue sequence suggests that these chimeric proteins are localized in the trans-Golgi cisternae and/or trans-Golgi network. Further experiments suggest that this 17-residue sequence functions as a retention signal for the Golgi apparatus.