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Schofield et al. (2018, Biometrics 74, 626–635) presented simple and efficient algorithms for fitting continuous-time capture-recapture models based on Poisson processes. They also demonstrated by real examples that the standard method of discretizing continuous-time capture-recapture data and then fitting traditional discrete-time models may lead to information loss in population size estimation. In this article, we aim to clarify that key to the approach of Schofield et al. (2018) is the Poisson model assumed for the number of captures of each individual throughout the study, rather than the fact of data being collected in continuous time. We further show that the method of data discretization works equally well as the method of Schofield et al. (2018), provided that a Poisson model is applied instead of the traditional Bernoulli model to the number of captures for each individual on each sampling occasion. 相似文献
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The involvement of iron in the biogenesis of the cyanide-insensitive respiration in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica has been established on the following basis: (1) endogenous metal chelation by either benzyl- or salicylhydroxamic acid, EDTA or nitrilotriacetate prevented the biogenesis of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway in S. lipolytica. (2) Addition of Fe(III) during the biogenesis increased both the rate of the appearance of the alternative respiratory pathway and its extent. Neither Fe(II), nor Co(II), Cu(II), Al(III), La(III), Mn(II) or Mg(II) could substitute for Fe(III). (3) The biogenesis of the alternative respiratory pathway could be dissociated into two steps: (a) a first one, slow, cycloheximide-sensitive, temperature-dependent, iron-independent, leading to cells still fully cyanide-sensitive, presumably involving the de novo biosynthesis of an inactive protein moiety and (b) a second step, fast, iron-dependent, temperature-independent, cycloheximide-insensitive, leading to cells with a cyanide-insensitive respiration, presumably the activation by iron of the inactive precursor. 相似文献
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Because of negative, ambiguous or controversial results claimed by previous investigators studying the potential efficacy of magnetic fields in directing asymmetric syntheses and because of its potential importance as regards the origin of optical activity, we have attempted to confirm a recent report by Takahashiet al. (1986), who claimed that phenylglyoxylic acid (XIX) may be reduced electrochemically at a mercury cathode placed in a magnetic field of 0.168 T to optically active mandelic acid (XX), with optical yields favoring the S(+)-XX enantiomer as high as 25%. We have found that the complete reduction of XIX in pH 3.8 acetate buffer at a mercury cathode in magnetic fields of either 0.14 or 7.05 T leads only to racemic XX products. The earlier literature describing attempted absolute asymmetric syntheses in magnetic, electric and gravitational fields is briefly and critically reviewed. 相似文献