首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   600篇
  免费   84篇
  2022年   8篇
  2020年   5篇
  2018年   5篇
  2017年   5篇
  2016年   9篇
  2015年   8篇
  2014年   18篇
  2013年   18篇
  2012年   31篇
  2011年   25篇
  2010年   14篇
  2009年   21篇
  2008年   29篇
  2007年   28篇
  2006年   25篇
  2005年   36篇
  2004年   34篇
  2003年   24篇
  2002年   18篇
  2001年   20篇
  2000年   31篇
  1999年   19篇
  1998年   16篇
  1997年   16篇
  1996年   8篇
  1994年   5篇
  1993年   5篇
  1992年   5篇
  1991年   6篇
  1990年   10篇
  1989年   11篇
  1988年   11篇
  1987年   9篇
  1986年   7篇
  1985年   10篇
  1984年   10篇
  1983年   6篇
  1981年   5篇
  1980年   4篇
  1979年   4篇
  1977年   5篇
  1976年   4篇
  1975年   8篇
  1974年   5篇
  1973年   6篇
  1972年   4篇
  1971年   6篇
  1969年   6篇
  1968年   4篇
  1967年   5篇
排序方式: 共有684条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
151.
A Lamellar Complex of Lecithin and Poly-l-Tyrosine   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
G. Giannoni  F. J. Padden  Jr.    R. J. Roe 《Biophysical journal》1971,11(12):1018-1029
Complexes of poly-L-tyrosine (PT) with dipalmitoyllecithin, synthetic, (DPL) and with egg lecithin (EL) have been obtained by precipitation from methanol-water solutions. Chemical analysis indicates that both lecithins bind PT up to a limiting ratio of about 4 tyrosine residues/lecithin molecule. DPL-PT complexes have a lamellar structure closely resembling lecithin itself. In fact, DPL and DPL-PT lamellae have very nearly the same thickness as precipitated from methanol-water, although their swelling behavior on resuspension in pure water is different. The complexes crystallize in the form of hexagonal platelets, some monolayers and some with terraced spiral growths, with a thickness of 50-55 A. In X-ray and electron diffraction they yield sharp reflections at 4.14 A which are characteristic of hexagonal packing of phospholipid paraffinic chains. The order-disorder transition temperature of this crystalline lattice, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, is somewhat higher in the complex than in pure DPL. Physical models consistent with these observations are discussed.  相似文献   
152.
153.
The variability, arrangement, and rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The multiplicity of heavy-chain variable-region (VH) genes in mouse and human DNA has been estimated using a mouse heavy-(H) chain cDNA clone. We found about 10 hybridization components in mouse DNA and about 20 components in human DNA. Cross-hybridization studies of variable region (V) genes indicate that these components represent the numbers of genes within the VH subgroups of each of these species. The arrangement and rearrangement of the H-chain gamma subclasses have been studied in order to assess possible mechanisms of the H-chain switch. Evidence has been found for rearrangement events involving the gamma 2a and gamma 2b constant-region (CH) genes in DNA from cells making IgG2a and IgG2b respectively. In addition we found that cells making IgG2a lack detectable genes for gamma1 and gamma 2b. Both sets of observations are discussed in relation to H-chain diversity and the switch.  相似文献   
154.
Application of chemicals in organic solvents to dry seeds   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Various chemicals were applied to dry seeds by means of organic solvents. The gibberellic acid-treated (1 mm) lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) germinated nearly 100% in the dark even after prolonged storage, and those treated with abscisic acid (1 mm or 0.5 mm) failed to germinate in the light. The seedlings emerging from morphactin-treated (1 mm) cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) exhibited profound changes in morphology. Different combinations of hormones applied to lettuce seeds caused a promotion or an inhibition of germination. Germination promotion or inhibition studies showed that the applied chemicals could be removed by washing with an organic solvent or water. Progressively larger amounts of chemicals were removed with increasing periods of washing. Thus the chemical appeared to penetrate the seed to some degree. The potential of the organic solvent method is discussed.  相似文献   
155.
The absorption spectra of eosinates of thiazin dyes in water exhibit absorption maxima at the same spectral locations as do the individual component dyes in aqueous solution.

Commercial samples of Wright's stain showing thiazin absorption maxima between 620 and 660 mμ generally give satisfactory blood stains. Nuclear staining is redder and cytoplasm grayer blue in 620-640 range, and consequently staining of malaria parasites is less satisfactory in that range. The best malaria stains show their thiazin absorption maxima usually between 650 and 660 mμ.

Successive batches of Wright's stain made by the same manufacturer, as well as experimental laboratory lots, may show wide variations in their thiazin absorption maxima and in their staining characteristics.  相似文献   
156.
157.
Ivermectin produced 100% mortality in adult teneral males, mature males and fertile females ofGlossina morsitans morsitans following a single meal of defibrinated pig blood containing concentrations of 0.1, 1.6 or >1.6 g ml–1 respectively. The lethal concentration was reduced to <0.04 g ml–1 for teneral males when fed repeatedly on treated blood. When pregnant females were fed a single blood meal containing ivermectin (0.08 g ml–1) on the day after their first larviposition, followed by normal blood meals, no offspring were produced in the subsequent reproductive cycle but full recovery occurred thereafter. A dose dependent decline in fecundity was measured and data were subjected to Probit analysis. Thus estimates were made of ivermectin concentrations in the peripheral blood of treated animals by measuring the reduction in fecundity induced in flies fed on such blood. Indications are that with subcutaneous injections at least, amounts greatly in excess of the recommended clinical dose would be required to achieve levels lethal to feeding flies following a single blood meal. Oral treatment of a horse with twice the anthelmintic dose of ivermectin (0.4 mg kg–1) produced a maximum concentration in the blood of about 0.14 g ml–1 within 24 h and this was adequate to reduce tsetse fecundity to zero following a single meal. Such levels in a single blood meal were also sufficient to shorten the life expectancy of teneral male flies. The half-life of ivermectin in the horse was approximately 5–6 days with a maximum of 2.4% of ingested material entering the peripheral circulation. A cow treated with injectable ivermectin (0.2 mg kg–1) produced maximum blood levels of about 0.005 g ml–1 after one week; this was only 0.17% of the administered dose and sufficient to reduce fecundity in female flies to 50% of normal following a single blood meal. Such levels in a single blood meal had no effect on the longevity of flies. However, at least half the maximum activity was present in the circulation between 3 and 14 days following injection. Repeated feeding on the blood of a treated animal reduced considerably the dose of ivermectin required to produce a given effect. The fecundity of female flies was reduced to zero by repeated feeding on blood taken from the horse 8 days after treatment, and even after 15 days the blood of the horse contained sufficient drug to reduce fly fecundity to 50% of normal. Thus where domestic animals constitute major hosts of tsetse, treatment with ivermectin can be expected to achieve some measure of fly population reduction.
L'invermectine comme moyen de lutte utilisable contre la mouche tsé-tsé,Glossina morsitans
Résumé Après un repas unique de sang de porc défibrillé contenant 0,1; 1,6 ou plus de 1,6 g ml–1 d'ivermectine, tous les mâles jeunes non encore alimentes, tous les mâles adultes et toutes les femelles fécondes deGlossina morsitans morsitans sont tués. Les concentrations léthales ont été réduites à moins de 0,04 g ml–1 pour les jeunes mâles quand on les a alimentés régulièrement sur du sang traité. Quand des femelles en gestation ont été alimentées, le jour après leur première parturition, avec un seul repas de sang contenant 0,08 g ml–1 d'ivermectine, et ensuite avec des repas de sang normal, il n'y a pas eu production de descendants pendant le cycle suivant, bien qu'une restauration totale ait eu lieu par la suite. Une diminution de la fécondité en relation avec la dose a été enregistrée, et les données soumisses à un test Probit. Ainsi des estimations de la concentration en ivermectine du sang périphérique des animaux traités ont été obtenues en mesurant la réduction de la fécondité induite chez les mouches ayant consommé ce sang. Ceci montre qu'une dose absorbée de 4 mg kg–1, ou une injection souscutanée de 16 mg kg–1, seraient nécessaires pour obtenir le seuil létal chez des mouches alimentées après un repas de sang unique, c'est-à-dire 20 fois la dose absorbée et 80 fois la dose subcutanée nécessaires contre les nématodes gastrointestinaux. Le traitement par voie buccale d'un cheval avec 2 fois la dose vermifuge d'ivermectine (0,4 mg kg–1) provoque dans les 24 heures des taux sanguins suffisants pour réduire la fécondité jusqu'à zéro après un seul repas de sang. La demi-vie dans le cheval a été approximativement de 5 à 6 jours avec une pénétration dans la circulation périphérique d'une quantité maximale de 2,4% de l'ivermectine absorbée. Une vache traitée avec de l'ivermectine injectable (0,2 mg kg–1) atteint la teneur sanguine maximale au bout d'une semain; celle-ci, correspondant seulement à 0,17% de la quantité administrée, était suffisante pour réduire de 50% la fécondité des mouches après un repas unique de sang. Cependant, entre les 3ème et 14ème jours suivant l'injection, la circulation sanguine présente au moins la moitié de l'activité maximale. Des repas répétés sur le sang des animaux traités réduisent considérablement la dose d'ivermectine nécessaire pour produire un effet donné. La fécondité des mouches devient nulle après des repas répétés sur le sang d'un cheval 8 jours après le traitement; et même après 15 jours, le sang de ce cheval contient suffisamment de produits pour abaisser la fécondité des mouches de 50%. Ainsi, à où les animaux domestiques constituent les principaux hôtes de la mouche tsé-tsé, avec le traitement à l'ivermectine, on peut espérer réduire d'une façon efficace la population de mouches.
  相似文献   
158.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which affected individuals develop tumors primarily in the parathyroids, anterior pituitary, endocrine pancreas, and duodenum. The locus for MEN1 is tightly linked to the marker PYGM on chromosome 11q13, and linkage analysis has previously placed the MEN1 gene within a 2-Mb interval flanked by markers D11S1883 and D11S449. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies in MEN1 and sporadic tumors have helped narrow the location of the gene to a 600-kb interval between PYGM and D11S449. Eighteen new polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based polymorphic markers were generated for the MEN1 region, with ten mapping to the PYGM-D11S449 interval. These new markers, along with 14 previously known polymorphic markers, were precisely mapped on a 2.8-Mb (D11S480–D11S913) high-density clone contig-based, physical map generated for the MEN1 region. Received: 21 February 1997 / Accepted: 5 June 1997  相似文献   
159.
In order to maximize recombinant protein expression in mammalian cells many factors need to be considered such as transfection method, vector construction, screening techniques and culture conditions. In addition, the host cell line can have a profound effect on the protein expression. However, auditioning or directly comparing host cell lines for optimal protein expression may be difficult since most transfection methods are based on random integration of the gene of interest into the host cell genome. Thus it is not possible to determine whether differences in expression between various host cell lines are due to the phenotype of the host cell itself or genetic factors such as gene copy number or gene location. To improve cell line generation, the ACE System was developed based on pre‐engineered artificial chromosomes with multiple recombination acceptor sites. This system allows for targeted transfection and has been effectively used to rapidly generate stable CHO cell lines expressing high levels of monoclonal antibody. A key feature of the ACE System is the ability to isolate and purify ACEs containing the gene(s) of interest and transfect the same ACEs into different host cell lines. This feature allows the direct auditioning of host cells since the host cells have been transfected with ACEs that contain the same number of gene copies in the same genetic environment. To investigate this audition feature, three CHO host cell lines (CHOK1SV, CHO‐S and DG44) were transfected with the same ACE containing gene copies of a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody. Clonal cell lines were generated allowing a direct comparison of antibody expression and stability between the CHO host cells. Results showed that the CHOK1SV host cell line expressed antibody at levels of more than two to five times that for DG44 and CHO‐S host cell lines, respectively. To confirm that the ACE itself was not responsible for the low antibody expression seen in the CHO‐S based clones, the ACE was isolated and purified from these cells and transfected back into fresh CHOK1SV cells. The resulting expression of the antibody from the ACE newly transfected into CHOK1SV increased fivefold compared to its expression in CHO‐S and confirmed that the differences in expression between the different CHO host cells was due to the cell phenotype rather than differences in gene copy number and/or location. These results demonstrate the utility of the ACE System in providing a rapid and direct technique for auditioning host cell lines for optimal recombinant protein expression. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 526–539 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   
160.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号