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11.
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is volatile compound important as one of the characteristic flavor compounds of marine food products. The precursor of DMS in marine products is dimethyl-β- propiothetin (DMPT), which is abundunt in green algae. DMPT was effectively extracted by the use of hydrophilic solvents from dried hitoegusa (Monostroma nitidum), a green alga. At around pH 4 and at over pH 9, the extracted DMPT was rapidly degraded to DMS; at around pH 7.5, this degradation was much slower. The DMS obtained volatilized immediately from aqueous solution. However, when the DMPT was formed into a powder with dextrin and heated to release the DMS, 40 — 60% of the DMS remained in the powder. The amount of DMS remaining was 80 % when cyclodextrin was used to form the powder. 相似文献
12.
13.
Obara Mami Sato Sachiko Takahashi Kumi Kondo Yukiko Hirose Masamichi Nata Koji Taira Eichi 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2021,476(5):2021-2028
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Gicerin/CD146 is a cell adhesion molecule which belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. We have reported the existence of gicerin/CD146 in the nervous... 相似文献
14.
Atsuyoshi Nishina Hirokazu Kimura Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi Kunihisa Kozawa Mamoru Koketsu Masayuki Ninomiya Daisuke Sato Yutaro Obara Shoei Furukawa 《Neurochemical research》2013,38(11):2397-2407
The cellular effects of eleven compounds including chalcone glycosides isolated from Brassica rapa L. ‘hidabeni’ and their synthetic derivatives were studied in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Of the compounds tested, 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3′,4-dimethoxychalcone (A2) significantly increased the levels of the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and stress-activated protein kinases/Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK/SAPK), but it did not affect Akt. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a well-known neurotrophic factor, increased the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, JNK/SAPK, and Akt but not p38MAPK, which may mediate marked neurite outgrowth. Signals evoked by A2 shared common characteristics with those induced by NGF; therefore, we evaluated the neuritogenic activity of A2 and found it induced only weak neurite outgrowth. However, this effect was enhanced by pre-treatment with a p38MAPK inhibitor, suggesting that the phosphorylation of p38MAPK down-regulated neurite outgrowth. From the results of this study, it was found that A2 in combination with a p38MAPK inhibitor can induce NGF-like effects. Hence, a combination of chalcone glycosides containing A2 and a p38MAPK inhibitor increases the likelihood that chalcone glycosides could be put to practical use in the form of drugs or alternative medicines to maintain neural health. 相似文献
15.
Koji Ando Shigetomo Fukuhara Takahiro Moriya Yutaro Obara Norimichi Nakahata Naoki Mochizuki 《The Journal of cell biology》2013,202(6):901-916
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is responsible for dynamic regulation of endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. Circumferential actin bundles (CAB) promote formation of linear adherens junctions (AJs) and tightening of EC junctions, whereas formation of radial stress fibers (RSF) connected to punctate AJs occurs during junction remodeling. The small GTPase Rap1 induces CAB formation to potentiate EC junctions; however, the mechanism underlying Rap1-induced CAB formation remains unknown. Here, we show that myotonic dystrophy kinase–related CDC42-binding kinase (MRCK)-mediated activation of non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) at cell–cell contacts is essential for Rap1-induced CAB formation. Our data suggest that Rap1 induces FGD5-dependent Cdc42 activation at cell–cell junctions to locally activate the NM-II through MRCK, thereby inducing CAB formation. We further reveal that Rap1 suppresses the NM-II activity stimulated by the Rho–ROCK pathway, leading to dissolution of RSF. These findings imply that Rap1 potentiates EC junctions by spatially controlling NM-II activity through activation of the Cdc42–MRCK pathway and suppression of the Rho–ROCK pathway. 相似文献
16.
17.
Diverse mechanisms of metaeffector activity in an intracellular bacterial pathogen,Legionella pneumophila
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Peter J Stogios Mariya Morar Chitong Rao Rosa Di Leo Elena Evdokimova Mandy Lam Christina Oatway Marianne E Cuff Jerzy Osipiuk Karolina Michalska Boguslaw P Nocek Mikko Taipale Alexei Savchenko Alexander W Ensminger 《Molecular systems biology》2016,12(12)
Pathogens deliver complex arsenals of translocated effector proteins to host cells during infection, but the extent to which these proteins are regulated once inside the eukaryotic cell remains poorly defined. Among all bacterial pathogens, Legionella pneumophila maintains the largest known set of translocated substrates, delivering over 300 proteins to the host cell via its Type IVB, Icm/Dot translocation system. Backed by a few notable examples of effector–effector regulation in L. pneumophila, we sought to define the extent of this phenomenon through a systematic analysis of effector–effector functional interaction. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an established proxy for the eukaryotic host, to query > 108,000 pairwise genetic interactions between two compatible expression libraries of ~330 L. pneumophila‐translocated substrates. While capturing all known examples of effector–effector suppression, we identify fourteen novel translocated substrates that suppress the activity of other bacterial effectors and one pair with synergistic activities. In at least nine instances, this regulation is direct—a hallmark of an emerging class of proteins called metaeffectors, or “effectors of effectors”. Through detailed structural and functional analysis, we show that metaeffector activity derives from a diverse range of mechanisms, shapes evolution, and can be used to reveal important aspects of each cognate effector's function. Metaeffectors, along with other, indirect, forms of effector–effector modulation, may be a common feature of many intracellular pathogens—with unrealized potential to inform our understanding of how pathogens regulate their interactions with the host cell. 相似文献
18.
Fujii T Yokoyama T Ninagi O Kakehashi K Obara Y Nenoi M Ishikawa T Mita K Shimada T Abe H 《Genetica》2007,130(3):267-280
In deletion-mapping of W-specific RAPD (W-RAPD) markers and putative female determinant gene (Fem), we used X-ray irradiation to break the translocation-carrying W chromosome (W
Ze
). We succeeded in obtaining a fragment of the W
Ze
chromosome designated as Ze
W, having 3 of 12 W-RAPD markers (W-Bonsai, W-Yukemuri-S, W-Yukemuri-L). Inheritance of the Ze
W fragment by males indicates that it does not include the Fem gene. On the basis of these results, we determined the relative positions of W-Yukemuri-S and W-Yukemuri-L, and we narrowed
down the region where Fem gene is located. In addition to the Ze
W fragment, the Z chromosome was also broken into a large fragment (Z1) having the +
sch
(1-21.5) and a small fragment (Z2) having the +
od
(1-49.6). Moreover, a new chromosomal fragment (Ze
WZ2) was generated by a fusion event between the Ze
W and the Z2 fragments. We analyzed the genetic behavior of the Z1 fragment and the Ze
WZ2 fragment during male (Z/Z1
Ze
WZ2) and female (Z1
Ze
WZ2/W) meiosis using phenotypic markers. It was observed that the Z1 fragment and the Z or the W chromosomes separate without fail. On the other hand, non-disjunction between the Ze
WZ2 fragment and the Z chromosome and also between the Ze
WZ2 fragment and the W chromosome occurred. Furthermore, the females (2A: Z/Ze
WZ2/W) and males (2A: Z/Z1) resulting from non-disjunction between the Ze
WZ2 fragment and the W chromosome had phenotypic defects: namely, females exhibited abnormal oogenesis and males were flapless
due to abnormal indirect flight muscle structure. These results suggest that Z2 region of the Z chromosome contains dose-sensitive gene(s), which are involved in oogenesis and indirect flight muscle development. 相似文献
19.
Tobe M Isobe Y Tomizawa H Nagasaki T Obara F Hayashi H 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2003,11(4):609-616
We synthesized various 6-fluoro-7-(1-piperazino)quinazolines based on the structure of 1 and evaluated their inhibitory activities toward both TNF-alpha production and T cell proliferation responses. Among these compounds, 7a, having the 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl moiety at the C(4)-position of the quinazoline ring, showed both inhibitory activities. Furthermore, the oral treatment with 7a exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in rats with adjuvant arthritis as well as an inhibitory activity toward LPS-induced TNF-alpha production. 相似文献
20.
Obara Y Miyatani M Ishiguro Y Hirota K Koyama T Izumi S Iwami M Sakurai S 《Journal of insect physiology》2002,48(10):933-944
The timing of pupal commitment of the forewing imaginal discs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was determined by a transplantation assay using fourth instar larvae. The wing discs were not pupally committed at the time of ecdysis to the fifth instar. Pupal commitment began shortly after the ecdysis and was completed in 14 h. When the discs of newly molted larvae (0-h discs) were cultured in medium containing no hormone, they were pupally committed in 26 h. In vitro exposure of 0-h discs to 20-hydroxyecdysone accelerated the progression of pupal commitment. Methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), did not suppress the change in commitment in vitro at physiological concentrations. Thus the wing discs at the time of the molt have lost their sensitivity to JH, and 20E is not a prerequisite for completion of pupal commitment. These results suggest that the change in commitment in the forewing discs may begin before the last larval molt. 相似文献