TUBERCULOSIS—Recent Trends in Infection,Disease and Deaths in California

Although fewer patients with tuberculosis are reported in a far advanced stage of the disease than ever before, the proportion of persons dying of tuberculosis whose disease had not previously been diagnosed appears to be increasing. The average length of sanatorium treatment, and the intramural case fatality rates have not shown much decrease. Tuberculosis mortality rates fall during economic depressions and rise with business booms. Epidemics of influenza do not always increase tuberculosis death rates. Common claims to the contrary are not sustained by recent California data.     

Permeabilit?ts-Untersuchungen An Polyploiden Zellen

Zusammenfassung An Stengelepidermiszellen di- und tetraploider Oenothera franciscana wurden osmotische Werte, Plasmolysezeiten und Permeationskonstanten bestimmt. Der osmotische Wert der tetraploiden Zellen liegt unter dem der diploiden, die Plasmolysezeiten sind hingegen erhöht. Die Permeabilitätsverhältnisse der beiden Rassen, soweit sie in Permeabilitätsreihen ausgedrückt werden können, zeigen quantitative und qualitative Unterschiede. Harnstoff, Glycerin und Malonamid werden in die tetraploiden Zellen etwas langsamer aufgenommen, Thioharnstoff, Dicyandiamid und Azetamid dagegen mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit. Es wird vermutet, daß das abweichende Verhalten der Tetraploiden auf einer Verdichtung der Grenzschichten beruht. Die Befunde werden besprochen im Hinblick auf die Abhängigkeit der Permeabilitätsverhältnisse von spezifischen und unspezifischen Faktoren.Mit 1 Textabbildung.     

Untersuchungen zu den „Spezifischen Permeabilitätsreihen”Höflers

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 6 Textabbildungen.D15     

Erosion and sediment yield in the Atna river basin

Variability in suspended sediment transport and its relation to erosion processes in two different catchments within the Atna river basin are discussed on the basis of 14 years of data collection. The upper Atna catchment is a headwater system covering 157 km². Extensive glacifluvial deposits are the main sediment source of the river. Sediment transport in the upper Atna during 1988–2001 ranged from 79.4 t to 13,200 t. The extreme upper value was due to an extreme rainflood in 1996. Suspended sediment concentrations varied from less than 1.0 mg l^?1 to a maximum of 2023.8 mg l^?1. There was no correlation between water discharge and suspended sediment concentration. Despite a fairly constant volume of total runoff, sediment concentrations remained at a high level during the first years after extreme floods, and then decreased over several more years. The complicated pattern of short term and long term variations in suspended sediment concentration and load was explained in terms of channel changes and variations in exposure of the sedimentary deposits to fluvial erosion. The catchment of the lower Atna drains an area of 672 km². Concentrations of inorganic suspended sediments were found to vary between <1.0 and 897 mg l^?1, with only a weak correlation to water discharge. The suspended sediment transport per year ranged from a minimum value of 574 t in 1991 to 60,651 t per year in 1995, the extreme flood year. The mean annual transport for all the years was 6271 t. The sediment transported in the lower Atna is derived from the same types of sources as in the upper catchment, but the sediments are supplied from a larger area. Grain size distribution analyses indicate that the transported sediments in upper Atna have a sand content of 10 to 65% compared to 2–20% in lower Atna. The transport of particulate organic matter in the upper and lower Atna catchments amounted to 9.8% and 12.6% of the total load, respectively.